<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bramer, Lisa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dixon, Holly M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Degnan, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rohlman, Diana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbstman, Julie B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waters, Katrina M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expanding the access of wearable silicone wristbands in community-engaged research through best practices in data analysis and integration.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pac Symp Biocomput</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pac Symp Biocomput</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computational Biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silicones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wearable Electronic Devices</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">170-186</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Wearable silicone wristbands are a rapidly growing exposure assessment technology that offer researchers the ability to study previously inaccessible cohorts and have the potential to provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical exposure within diverse communities. However, there are no established best practices for analyzing the data within a study or across multiple studies, thereby limiting impact and access of these data for larger meta-analyses. We utilize data from three studies, from over 600 wristbands worn by participants in New York City and Eugene, Oregon, to present a first-of-its-kind manuscript detailing wristband data properties. We further discuss and provide concrete examples of key areas and considerations in common statistical modeling methods where best practices must be established to enable meta-analyses and integration of data from multiple studies. Finally, we detail important and challenging aspects of machine learning, meta-analysis, and data integration that researchers will face in order to extend beyond the limited scope of individual studies focused on specific populations.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karlsson, EK</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Genetic Insights into Carcinogenesis: An Approach using Passive Sampling and CHIP Analysis in the Companion Dog</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023 Cancer Biology Program Research Retreat</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christopher Husted</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kate Megquier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diane P. Genereux</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander Bick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frances Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elinor Karlsson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and Genetic Insights into Carcinogenesis: An Approach using Passive Sampling and CHIP Analysis in the Companion Dog</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa M Bramer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holly Dixon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David J Degnan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julie Herbstman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrina M Waters</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expanding the access of wearable silicone wristbands in community-engaged research through best practices in data analysis and integration.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioRxiv</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioRxiv</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023 Oct 02</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Wearable silicone wristbands are a rapidly growing exposure assessment technology that offer researchers the ability to study previously inaccessible cohorts and have the potential to provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical exposure within diverse communities. However, there are no established best practices for analyzing the data within a study or across multiple studies, thereby limiting impact and access of these data for larger meta-analyses. We utilize data from three studies, from over 600 wristbands worn by participants in New York City and Eugene, Oregon, to present a first-of-its-kind manuscript detailing wristband data properties. We further discuss and provide concrete examples of key areas and considerations in common statistical modeling methods where best practices must be established to enable meta-analyses and integration of data from multiple studies. Finally, we detail important and challenging aspects of machine learning, meta-analysis, and data integration that researchers will face in order to extend beyond the limited scope of individual studies focused on specific populations.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emily M Bonner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gavin P Horn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denise L Smith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steven Kerber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenneth W Fent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lane G Tidwell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard P Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaley A Adams</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating PAH Dermal Exposure and Turnout Gear Efficacy Using Silicone Passive Sampling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35th SRP Annual Meeting</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raleigh, NC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holly Dixon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa M Bramer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard P Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lehyla Calero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Darrell Holmes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibson, Elizabeth A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cavalier, Haleigh M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Rachel L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antonia M Calafat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurel D Kincl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrina M Waters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julie Herbstman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating predictive relationships between wristbands and urine for assessment of personal PAH exposure.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ Int</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ Int</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022 Apr 04</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">163</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107226</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;During events like the COVID-19 pandemic or a disaster, researchers may need to switch from collecting biological samples to personal exposure samplers that are easy and safe to transport and wear, such as silicone wristbands. Previous studies have demonstrated significant correlations between urine biomarker concentrations and chemical levels in wristbands. We build upon those studies and use a novel combination of descriptive statistics and supervised statistical learning to evaluate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone wristbands and hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in urine. In New York City, 109 participants in a longitudinal birth cohort wore one wristband for 48&amp;nbsp;h and provided a spot urine sample at the end of the 48-hour period during their third trimester of pregnancy. We compared four PAHs with the corresponding seven OH-PAHs using descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and a linear discriminant analysis model. Five of the seven PAH and OH-PAH pairs had significant correlations (Pearson&#039;s r&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.35-0.64, p&amp;nbsp;≤&amp;nbsp;0.003) and significant chi-square tests of independence for exposure categories (p&amp;nbsp;≤&amp;nbsp;0.009). For these five comparisons, the observed PAH or OH-PAH concentration could predict the other concentration within a factor of 1.47 for 50-80% of the measurements (depending on the pair). Prediction accuracies for high exposure categories were at least 1.5 times higher compared to accuracies based on random chance. These results demonstrate that wristbands and urine provide similar PAH exposure assessment information, which is critical for environmental health researchers looking for the flexibility to switch between biological sample and wristband collection.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Briana N Rivera</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric A. Andreasen Travel Award for Excellence in Research and Scholarship</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Briana N Rivera</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric A. Andreasen Travel Award for Excellence in Research and Scholarship</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emily M Bonner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating Fireground Exposures: Why the Sample Matters</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.fireengineering.com/health-safety/evaluating-fireground-exposures-why-the-sample-matters/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">174</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emily M Bonner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carolyn M Poutasse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walker S Carlos Poston</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sara A Jahnke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christopher K Haddock</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lane G Tidwell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter D Hoffman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters Using Silicone Dog-tags as Passive Samplers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Structural firefighters are exposed to many potentially hazardous chemicals while on the job. In a burning building, chemicals in furniture, building materials, and home goods can be volatilized in the high heat, and pyrogenic chemicals can be formed. Adverse health outcomes observed in firefighters, such as increased incidence of various cancers and cardiovascular disease, raise concerns about these occupational exposures. This study seeks to compare chemical exposures of firefighters when on- and off-duty using silicone dog-tags worn around the neck, as passive samplers. There were 57 firefighter participants selected from two-stations in the Kansas City Metropolitan area; on average, one received fewer than two calls per month (low call volume), and the other received more than 12 calls per month (high call volume). Each firefighter wore two separate dog-tags while on- and off-duty for a total of 30 24-hour shifts. The firefighters also filled out questionnaires, indicating the number of fire attacks they participated in while wearing the tags, as well as other demographic and lifestyle information that might inform exposures. The dog-tags were extracted and analyzed using GC-MS. This presentation will focus on results for two chemical classes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). Preliminary data show that 16 different firefighters were exposed to PCBs, 12 of which were from the high call volume station. Additionally, 12 different PCB congeners were detected. It is hypothesized that chemical concentrations in paired on-duty versus off-duty tags will be higher, and that the high versus low call volume station will have greater chemical concentrations. Other questions about concentration correlation to questionnaire data, PCB sources, and potential adverse health outcomes linked to the observed exposures will also be explored. Silicone passive samplers are a useful tool in gathering data on chemical exposures of firefighters because they can mimic dermal absorption of the bioavailable phase, a particularly concerning route of exposure for firefighters. They are also easy to use and maintain, allowing for this month-long exposure study. This application of passive sampling will help us better characterize the occupational exposures of firefighters when they are on- and off-duty, and how that is impacted by station call-volume.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathleen Mullen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Briana N Rivera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lane G Tidwell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renata Ivanek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorothy Ainsworth</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental surveillance and adverse neonatal health outcomes in foals born near unconventional natural gas development activity.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sci Total Environ</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sci. Total Environ.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Gas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outcome Assessment, Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pennsylvania</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020 Aug 20</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">731</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138497</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Studies of neonatal health risks of unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) have not included comprehensive assessments of environmental chemical exposures. We investigated a clustering of dysphagic cases in neonatal foals born between 2014 and 2016 in an area of active UNGD in Pennsylvania (PA),USA. We evaluated equine biological data and environmental exposures on the affected PA farm and an unaffected New York (NY) farm owned by the same proprietor. Dams either spent their entire gestation on one farm or moved to the other farm in late gestation. Over the 21-month study period, physical examinations and blood/tissue samples were obtained from mares and foals on each farm. Grab samples of water, pasture soil and feed were collected; continuous passive sampling of air and water for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was performed. Dysphagia was evaluated as a binary variable; logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Sixty-five foals were born, 17 (all from PA farm) were dysphagic. Odds of dysphagia increased with the dam residing on the PA farm for each additional month of gestation (OR&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.7, p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;6.0E-04). Males were more likely to be born dysphagic (OR&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;5.5, 95% CI 1.2, 24.5, p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.03) than females. Prior to installation of a water filtration/treatment system, PA water concentrations of 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;6.0E-03), fluoranthene (p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.03), pyrene (p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.02) and triphenylene (p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.01) exceeded those in NY water. Compared to NY farm water, no concentrations of PAHs were higher in PA following installation of the water filtration/treatment system. We provide evidence of an uncommon adverse health outcome (dysphagia) in foals born near UNGD that was eliminated in subsequent years (2017-2019) following environmental management changes. Notably, this study demonstrates that domestic large animals such as horses can serve as important sentinels for human health risks associated with UNGD activities.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian L Moran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Pollution and Human Exposure in the Arctic</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oregon State University College of Science Ignite Colloquium</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Briana N Rivera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lane G Tidwell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carey E Donald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yvonne Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathleen Mullen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorothy Ainsworth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan C Tilton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating Toxicity of Inhalation Exposure to Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Society of Toxicology National Conference, Baltimore, MD</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Briana N Rivera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lane G Tidwell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carey E Donald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yvonne Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathleen Mullen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorothy Ainsworth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan C Tilton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating Toxicity of Inhalation Exposure to Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Society of Toxicology National Conference, Baltimore, MD</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paulik, L Blair</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin A Hobbie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brian W Smith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard P Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurel D Kincl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erin N Haynes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental and individual PAH exposures near rural natural gas extraction.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ Pollut</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ. Pollut.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Exposure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Gas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oil and Gas Fields</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petroleum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pyrenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silicones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tandem Mass Spectrometry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018 Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">241</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">397-405</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Natural gas extraction (NGE) has expanded rapidly in the United States in recent years. Despite concerns, there is little information about the effects of NGE on air quality or personal exposures of people living or working nearby. Recent research suggests NGE emits polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into air. This study used low-density polyethylene passive samplers to measure concentrations of PAHs in air near active (n = 3) and proposed (n = 2) NGE sites. At each site, two concentric rings of air samplers were placed around the active or proposed well pad location. Silicone wristbands were used to assess personal PAH exposures of participants (n = 19) living or working near the sampling sites. All samples were analyzed for 62 PAHs using GC-MS/MS, and point sources were estimated using the fluoranthene/pyrene isomer ratio. ∑PAH was significantly higher in air at active NGE sites (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p &amp;lt; 0.01). PAHs in air were also more petrogenic (petroleum-derived) at active NGE sites. This suggests that PAH mixtures at active NGE sites may have been affected by direct emissions from petroleum sources at these sites. ∑PAH was also significantly higher in wristbands from participants who had active NGE wells on their properties than from participants who did not (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p &amp;lt; 0.005). There was a significant positive correlation between ∑PAH in participants&#039; wristbands and ∑PAH in air measured closest to participants&#039; homes or workplaces (simple linear regression, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). These findings suggest that living or working near an active NGE well may increase personal PAH exposure. This work also supports the utility of the silicone wristband to assess personal PAH exposure.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Briana N Rivera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lane G Tidwell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yvonne Chang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carey E Donald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathleen Mullen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorothy Ainsworth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard P Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan C Tilton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating Toxicity Associated with Inhalation Exposure to Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Public Health in the 21st Century Research Symposium</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LB Paulik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carey E Donald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brian W Smith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lane G Tidwell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin A Hobbie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurel D Kincl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erin N Haynes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Extraction into Air.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ Sci Technol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ. Sci. Technol.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7921-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Natural gas extraction, often referred to as &quot;fracking&quot;, has increased rapidly in the United States in recent years. To address potential health impacts, passive air samplers were deployed in a rural community heavily affected by the natural gas boom. Samplers were analyzed for 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were grouped based on distance from each sampler to the nearest active well. Levels of benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, and carcinogenic potency of PAH mixtures were highest when samplers were closest to active wells. PAH levels closest to natural gas activity were comparable to levels previously reported in rural areas in winter. Sourcing ratios indicated that PAHs were predominantly petrogenic, suggesting that PAH levels were influenced by direct releases from the earth. Quantitative human health risk assessment estimated the excess lifetime cancer risks associated with exposure to the measured PAHs. At sites closest to active wells, the risk estimated for maximum residential exposure was 0.04 in a million, which is below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&#039;s acceptable risk level. Overall, risk estimates decreased 30% when comparing results from samplers closest to active wells to those farthest from them. This work suggests that natural gas extraction is contributing PAHs to the air, at levels that would not be expected to increase cancer risk.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Empowering People: Personal Wristband Passive Sampling Nexus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 Environmental Health Summit: Community Engaged Research and Citizen Science</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erin N Haynes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LB Paulik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feezel, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurel D Kincl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engaging rural citizen scientists to explore impacts of fracking on ambient air</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erin N Haynes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurel D Kincl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elam, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LB Paulik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engaging Rural Citizens to Answer Questions about Air Quality</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurel D Kincl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin A Hobbie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josh A Willmarth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael L Barton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Preparedness and Resilience Empowering People: Personal Wristband Sampling Nexus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin A Hobbie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael L Barton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josh A Willmarth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurel D Kincl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EPREP: Environmental Preparedness and Resilience Empowering People</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Citizen Science Meeting. San Jose, CA</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carolyn M Poutasse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simister, R L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">White, H K</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring the Environmental Controls on the Degradation of Oil by Marine Fungi</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Denver, CO</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harper, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harding, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molly Kile</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staci M Simonich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution of a robust tribal-university research partnership to investigate tribal exposures and build scientific capacity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oral presentation at the 6th Annual Northwest Environmental Health Conference, Portland, OR</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harper, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harding, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molly Kile</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staci M Simonich</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution of a robust tribal-university research partnership to investigate tribal exposures and build scientific capacity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oral presentation at the Contemporary Northwest Tribal Health Conference, Portland, OR</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana Rohlman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurel D Kincl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exposure Assessment Monitoring Tools Panel: Passive Wristband Samplers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lane G Tidwell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin A Hobbie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glenn R Wilson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steven G O&#039;Connell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah E Allan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exchange of PAHs and OPAHs Accross the Air-Water Boundry during the DWH Oil Spill</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SETAC North America 34th Annual Conference, Nashville, TN, USA. </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norman D Forsberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stone, Dave</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harding, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harper, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matzke, Melissa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardenas, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrina M Waters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and possible risks to human health.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Agric Food Chem</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Agric. Food Chem.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6899-906</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Although it is known that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be found in smoked meats, little is known about their prevalence in Native American smoked fish. In this work, the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and possible risks to human health has been assessed. Smoking methods considered smoking structure (tipi or shed) and wood type (apple or alder). Neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon content of 33 PAHs. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40-430 times higher than those measured in commercial products. Dietary exposure to PAHs could result in excess lifetime cancer risks between 1 × 10(-5) and 1 × 10(-4) at a daily consumption rate of 5 g d(-1) and could approach 1 × 10(-2) at 300 g d(-1). Hazard indexes approached 0.005 at 5 g d(-1), or approximately 0.3 at 300 g d(-1). Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods may pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22690788?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norman D Forsberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stone, Dave</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harding, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harper, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matzke, Melissa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardena, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrina M Waters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and possible risks to human health</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CTUIR Tribal-University Collaboration to Address Tribal Exposures to PAHs and Improve Community Health, Pendleton, OR</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norman D Forsberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stone, Dave</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harding, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harper, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matzke, Melissa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardenas, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrina M Waters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engagement of Native American Tribes in the characterization of novel PAH dietary exposure pathways, assessment of possible human health risks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SETAC North America 33rd Annual Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Although it is known that legacy toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be introduced into meats via smoke curing, little is known about their prevalence in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American smoking techniques. This work sought to characterize the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to 33 legacy and emerging substituted PAHs and identify possible risks to human health. Salmon smoking events were carried out by Tribal researchers at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation in collaboration with Oregon State University Superfund Research Program researchers. Fresh caught Chinook salmon were smoked using two commonly used smoking structures (tipi or shed) and two types of traditionally used woods (apple or alder). For the purposes of exposure pathway and risk assessment, all salmon samples were prepared as if to be eaten. Additionally, 20 non-smoked spring-run Chinook salmon were analyzed for background PAH content along with three commercially available smoked salmon. Salmon samples were subsequently analyzed for PAHs. Potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to human health were evaluated using Relative Potency Factor and Hazard Index approaches.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Across all smoking methods, individual PAH loads ranged between &amp;lt; 2 &amp;ndash; 3,800 &amp;mu;g/kg, where non-carcinogenic, carcinogenic, emerging, and legacy PAHs generally accounted for 95%, 5%, 20% and 80% of the total PAH load respectively. It was found that neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon PAH content. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40 &amp;ndash; 430 times higher than PAH loads measured in fresh caught non-smoked salmon and commercial smoked salmon. Exposure to the levels of carcinogenic PAHs measured in traditionally prepared smoked salmon could result in excess life-time cancer risks between 1E-5 and 1E-4 at a daily consumption rate of 5 g/d and could approach 1E-2 at 300 g/d. Exposure to non-carcinogenic PAHs could result in hazard indexes of 0.005 at 5 g/d and approach 0.3 at 300 g/d. Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods potentially pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years. Study results were shared with the Tribes and are currently being evaluated in order to design a culturally specific Tribal message.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norman D Forsberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harding, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harper, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stone, Dave</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardenas, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matzke, Melissa M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrina M Waters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engagement of Native American Tribes in the determination of legacy and emerging PAH dietary exposure scenarios, assessment of possible risks to human health</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connecting Research and Practice: A Dialogue Between ATSDR and the NIEHS Superfund Research Program</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Although it is known that legacy toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be introduced into meats via smoke curing, little is known about their prevalence in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American smoking techniques. This work sought to characterize the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to 33 legacy and emerging PAHs and identify possible risks to human health. Salmon smoking events were carried out by Tribal researchers at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) in collaboration with Oregon State University Superfund Research Program (OSU SRP) researchers. Fresh caught spring-run Chinook salmon were smoked using two commonly used smoking structures (tipi or shed) and two types of traditionally used woods (apple or alder). For the purposes of exposure and risk assessment, all salmon samples were prepared as if to be eaten. Additionally, 20 non-smoked spring-run Chinook salmon were analyzed for background PAH content along with three commercially available smoked salmon. Salmon samples were subsequently analyzed for PAH content using a novel analytical approach developed and validated specifically for application in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Across all smoking methods, individual PAH loads ranged between &amp;lt; 2 &amp;ndash; 3,800 &amp;mu;g/kg, where non-carcinogenic, carcinogenic, emerging, and legacy PAHs generally accounted for 95%, 5%, 20% and 80% of the total PAH load respectively. It was found that neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon content of 33 PAHs. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40 &amp;ndash; 430 times higher than PAH loads measured in fresh caught non-smoked salmon and commercial smoked salmon. Exposure to the levels of carcinogenic PAHs measured in traditionally prepared smoked salmon could result in excess life-time cancer risks between 1E-5 and 1E-4 at a daily consumption rate of 5 g/d and could approach 1E-2 at 300 g/d. Exposure to non-carcinogenic PAHs could result in hazard indexes of 0.005 at 5 g/d and approach 0.3 at 300 g/d. Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods potentially pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During the course of this study, the OSU SRP Community Engagement Core partnered with CTUIR to develop and publish a unique Material and Data sharing agreement. In accordance with the agreement, study findings were formally presented to CTUIR members and researchers on two separate occasions; once in Portland, Oregon at the Food Innovation Center and again in Pendleton, OR to the CTUIR advisory committee. Engagement of the CTUIR led to rich discussions which ultimately resulted in the development and submission of a joint publication for peer review with the American Chemical Society. Study results are currently being evaluated in order to design a culturally specific message for the Tribes.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>3</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardenas, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harding, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staci M Simonich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harper, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stone, Dave</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jai, Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motorkyn, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sandra Uesugi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norman D Forsberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sudakin, Dan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure from traditional Native American food smoking practices</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Core Centers Meeting, Boston, MA</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah E Allan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregory J Sower</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimating risk at a Superfund site using passive sampling devices as biological surrogates in human health risk models.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fishes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Statistical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oregon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Pollutants, Chemical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">920-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Passive sampling devices (PSDs) sequester the freely dissolved fraction of lipophilic contaminants, mimicking passive chemical uptake and accumulation by biomembranes and lipid tissues. Public Health Assessments that inform the public about health risks from exposure to contaminants through consumption of resident fish are generally based on tissue data, which can be difficult to obtain and requires destructive sampling. The purpose of this study is to apply PSD data in a Public Health Assessment to demonstrate that PSDs can be used as a biological surrogate to evaluate potential human health risks and elucidate spatio-temporal variations in risk. PSDs were used to measure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Willamette River; upriver, downriver and within the Portland Harbor Superfund megasite for 3 years during wet and dry seasons. Based on an existing Public Health Assessment for this area, concentrations of PAHs in PSDs were substituted for fish tissue concentrations. PSD measured PAH concentrations captured the magnitude, range and variability of PAH concentrations reported for fish/shellfish from Portland Harbor. Using PSD results in place of fish data revealed an unacceptable risk level for cancer in all seasons but no unacceptable risk for non-cancer endpoints. Estimated cancer risk varied by several orders of magnitude based on season and location. Sites near coal tar contamination demonstrated the highest risk, particularly during the dry season and remediation activities. Incorporating PSD data into Public Health Assessments provides specific spatial and temporal contaminant exposure information that can assist public health professionals in evaluating human health risks.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741671?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julie A Layshock</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staci M Simonich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of dibenzopyrene measurement on assessing air quality in Beijing air and possible implications for human health.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Environ Monit</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Environ Monit</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Exposure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemiological Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lung Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Particle Size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2290-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Size fractionated particulate matter (PM) was collected in summer and winter from Beijing, China for the characterization of an expanded list of PAHs and evaluation of air pollution metrics. Summertime ΣPAHs on PM was 14.6 ± 29(PM 1.5), 0.88 ± 0.49(PM 1.5-7.2) and 0.29 ± 0.076(PM 7.2) ng m(-3) air while wintertime concentrations were 493 ± 206(PM 1.5), 26.7 ± 14(PM 1.5-7.2) and 5.3 ± 2.5(PM 7.2) ng m(-3) air. Greater than 90% of the carcinogenic PAHs were concentrated on PM(1.5). Dibenzopyrene isomers made up a significant portion (∼30%) of the total carcinogenic PAH load during the winter. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dibenzopyrenes in the Beijing atmosphere and among the few studies that report these highly potent PAHs in ambient particulate matter. Lifetime risk calculations indicated that 1 out of 10,000 to over 6 out of 100 Beijing residents may have an increased risk of lung cancer due to PAH concentration. Over half of the lifetime risk was attributed to Σdibenzopyrenes. The World Health Organization and Chinese daily PM(10) standard was exceeded on each day of the study, however, PAH limits were only exceeded during the winter. The outcomes of the air pollution metrics were highly dependent on the individual PAHs measured and seasonal variation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20967364?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julie A Layshock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EPA Star Fellow</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">US Environmental Protection Agency</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norman D Forsberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodriguez-Proteau, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maier, C S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeffrey J Jenkins</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morré, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glenn R Wilson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence that the DAP biomarker may lead to overestimates of organophosphate pesticide exposure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">platform presentation, 239th American Chemical Society conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillwalker, Wendy E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah E Allan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robyn L Tanguay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploiting lipid-free tubing passive samplers and embryonic zebrafish to link site specific contaminant mixtures to biological responses.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Embryo, Nonmammalian</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Embryonic Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lipids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Pollutants, Chemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zebrafish</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Biological Response Indicator Devices Gauging Environmental Stressors (BRIDGES) bio-analytical tool was developed in response to the need for a quantitative technology for assessing the toxicity of environmentally relevant contaminant mixtures. This tool combines passive samplers with the embryonic zebrafish model. When applied in an urban river it effectively linked site specific, bioavailable contaminant mixtures to multiple biological responses. Embryonic zebrafish exposed to extracts from lipid-free passive samplers that were deployed at five locations, within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite, displayed different responses. Six of the eighteen biological responses observed in 941 exposed zebrafish were significantly different between sites. This demonstrates the sensitivity of the bio-analytical tool for detecting spatially distinct toxicity in aquatic systems; bridging environmental exposure to biological response.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20172587?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas E Case</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of plant nitrate extraction techniques and effect on commonly used analytical methods of detection</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Forage nitrate (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) analytical methods have shown biases. Extraction of plant material has not been standardized for NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;analysis. Significantly different extraction techniques are currently used by professionals in the field, often depending on the professional discipline or analytical detection method. The effects of extraction variables has not been adequately examined. In this paper, five different extraction variables were investigated, including sample size, extraction volume, extraction shake time, extraction temperature, and extraction solution pH. The effects of the extraction variables were determined for three commonly used analytical detection techniques, including flow injection analysis, ion chromatography, and ion specific electrode.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1495</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1479</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villeneuve, Daniel L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curtis, Lawrence R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeffrey J Jenkins</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Warner, Kara E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tilton, Fred</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kent, Michael L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watral, Virginia G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunningham, Michael E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markle, Douglas F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D Sethajintanin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Eugene R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grove, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ Sci Technol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ. Sci. Technol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benzofurans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bone and Bones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dioxins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fishes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, Ancient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metals, Heavy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oocytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oregon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organophosphorus Compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pesticides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polychlorinated Biphenyls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trematoda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trematode Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Pollutants, Chemical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3495-506</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Willamette River, one of 14 American Heritage Rivers, flows through the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of Oregon. Previous biological monitoring of the Willamette River detected elevated frequencies of skeletal deformities in fish from certain areas of the lower (Newberg pool [NP], rivermile [RM] 26 - 55) and middle (Wheatland Ferry [WF], RM 72 - 74) river, relative to those in the upper river (Corvallis [CV], RM 125-138). The objective of this study was to determine the likely cause of these skeletal deformities. In 2002 and 2003, deformity loads in Willamette River fishes were 2-3 times greater at the NP and WF locations than at the CV location. There were some differences in water quality parameters between the NP and CV sites, but they did not readily explain the difference in deformity loads. Concentrations of bioavailable metals were below detection limits (0.6 - 1 microg/ L). Concentrations of bioavailable polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally below 0.25 ng/L. Concentrations of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generally less than 5 ng/L. Concentrations of most persistent organic pollutants were below detection limits in ovary/oocyte tissue samples and sediments, and those that were detected were not significantly different among sites. Bioassay of Willamette River water extracts provided no evidence that unidentified compounds or the complex mixture of compounds present in the extracts could induce skeletal deformities in cyprinid fish. However, metacercariae of a digenean trematode were directly associated with a large percentage of deformities detected in two Willamette River fishes, and similar deformities were reproduced in laboratoryfathead minnows exposed to cercariae extracted from Willamette River snails. Thus, the weight of evidence suggests that parasitic infection, not chemical contaminants, was the primary cause of skeletal deformities observed in Willamette River fish.&lt;/p&gt;
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