<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibson, Elizabeth A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heather M Stapleton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lehyla Calero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Darrell Holmes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burke, Kimberly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martinez, Rodney</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortes, Boris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nematollahi, Amy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evans, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julie Herbstman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differential exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in mother-child pairs.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dust</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Exposure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flame Retardants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mothers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organophosphates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">219</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">567-573</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/strong&gt;Humans are ubiquitously exposed to flame retardants, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), through direct contact with consumer products or exposure through household dust. Children are at increased risk because of their proximity to dust, hand-to-mouth activity, and the importance of childhood as a critical period in neurodevelopment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OBJECTIVES: &lt;/strong&gt;To quantify differences in exposure levels between mothers and children (three to six years of age), we analyzed urinary metabolites of OPEs. We additionally assessed the ability of silicone wristbands (measuring ambient exposure) to predict urinary metabolite concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHODS: &lt;/strong&gt;We selected 32 mother and child dyads from an existing cohort. Participants provided baseline urine samples and wore wristbands for one week. After the first week, they returned their wristbands and provided a second urine sample. During the second week, participants wore a second wristband that they returned at the end of week two with a third and final urine sample.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/strong&gt;We found significantly higher levels of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and lower levels of bis(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) 1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (p &amp;lt; 0.001) in children&#039;s urine samples compared to mothers&#039; samples at baseline. We found that triphenylphosphate (TPHP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) measured in wristbands predicted their respective metabolite levels in urine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/strong&gt;Children had higher levels than mothers for two of six flame retardant metabolites measured in urine. Generally, wristband measurements positively predicted internal dose. As little is known about the health effects of OPEs on child development, future research is needed to determine the impact of differential exposure.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hummel, Jessica M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erin Madeen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddens, Lisbeth K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sandra Uesugi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McQuistan, Tammie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenneth Turteltaub</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ted J Ognibene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bench, Graham</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krueger, Sharon K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jordan Smith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan C Tilton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baird, William M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, David E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacokinetics of [C]-Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in humans: Impact of Co-Administration of smoked salmon and BaP dietary restriction.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Chem Toxicol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Chem. Toxicol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benzo(a)pyrene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon Radioisotopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carcinogens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fish Products</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Safety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salmon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">136-147</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a known human carcinogen. In non-smoking adults greater than 95% of BaP exposure is through diet. The carcinogenicity of BaP is utilized by the U.S. EPA to assess relative potency of complex PAH mixtures. PAH relative potency factors (RPFs, BaP = 1) are determined from high dose animal data. We employed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to determine pharmacokinetics of [C]-BaP in humans following dosing with 46 ng (an order of magnitude lower than human dietary daily exposure and million-fold lower than animal cancer models). To assess the impact of co-administration of food with a complex PAH mixture, humans were dosed with 46 ng of [C]-BaP with or without smoked salmon. Subjects were asked to avoid high BaP-containing diets and a 3-day dietary questionnaire given to assess dietary exposure prior to dosing and three days post-dosing with [C]-BaP. Co-administration of smoked salmon, containing a complex mixture of PAHs with an RPF of 460 ng BaP, reduced and delayed absorption. Administration of canned commercial salmon, containing very low amounts of PAHs, showed the impacts on pharmacokinetics were not due to high amounts of PAHs but rather a food matrix effect.&lt;/p&gt;
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