<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allan, Ian J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steven G O&#039;Connell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meland, Sondre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bæk, Kine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grung, Merete</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ranneklev, Sissel B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAH Accessibility in Particulate Matter from Road-Impacted Environments.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ Sci Technol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ. Sci. Technol.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Snowmelt, surface runoff, or stormwater releases in urban environments can result in significant discharges of particulate matter-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into aquatic environments. Recently, more-specific activities such as road-tunnel washing have been identified as contributing to contaminant load to surface waters. However, knowledge of PAH accessibility in particulate matter (PM) of urban origin that may ultimately be released into urban surface waters is limited. In the present study, we evaluated the accessibility of PAHs associated with seven distinct (suspended) particulate matter samples collected from different urban sources. Laboratory-based infinite sink extractions with silicone rubber (SR) as the extractor phase demonstrated a similar pattern of PAH accessibility for most PM samples. Substantially higher accessible fractions were observed for the less-hydrophobic PAHs (between 40 and 80% of total concentrations) compared with those measured for the most-hydrophobic PAHs (&amp;lt;5% of total concentrations). When we focused on PAHs bound to PM from tunnel-wash waters, first-order desorption rates for PAHs with log Kow &amp;gt; 5.5 were found in line with those commonly found for slowly or very slowly desorbing sediment-associated contaminants. PAHs with log Kow &amp;lt; 5.5 were found at higher desorbing rates. The addition of detergents did not influence the extractability of lighter PAHs but increased desorption rates for the heavier PAHs, potentially contributing to increases in the toxicity of tunnel-wash waters when surfactants are used. The implications of total and accessible PAH concentrations measured in our urban PM samples are discussed in a context of management of PAH and PM emission to the surrounding aquatic environment. Although we only fully assessed PAHs in this work, further study should consider other contaminants such as OPAHs, which were also detected in all PM samples.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenberg, Marc S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chapman, Peter M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allan, Ian J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim A Anderson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apitz, Sabine E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beegan, Chris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bridges, Todd S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, Steve S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cargill, John G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCulloch, Megan C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menzie, Charles A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shine, James P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parkerton, Thomas F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Risk assessment and management.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integr Environ Assess Manag</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integr Environ Assess Manag</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224-36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper details how activity-based passive sampling methods (PSMs), which provide information on bioavailability in terms of freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree ), can be used to better inform risk management decision making at multiple points in the process of assessing and managing contaminated sediment sites. PSMs can increase certainty in site investigation and management, because Cfree is a better predictor of bioavailability than total bulk sediment concentration (Ctotal ) for 4 key endpoints included in conceptual site models (benthic organism toxicity, bioaccumulation, sediment flux, and water column exposures). The use of passive sampling devices (PSDs) presents challenges with respect to representative sampling for estimating average concentrations and other metrics relevant for exposure and risk assessment. These challenges can be addressed by designing studies that account for sources of variation associated with PSMs and considering appropriate spatial scales to meet study objectives. Possible applications of PSMs include: quantifying spatial and temporal trends in bioavailable contaminants, identifying and evaluating contaminant source contributions, calibrating site-specific models, and, improving weight-of-evidence based decision frameworks. PSM data can be used to assist in delineating sediment management zones based on likelihood of exposure effects, monitor remedy effectiveness, and, evaluate risk reduction after sediment treatment, disposal, or beneficial reuse after management actions. Examples are provided illustrating why PSMs and freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree ) should be incorporated into contaminated sediment investigations and study designs to better focus on and understand contaminant bioavailability, more accurately estimate exposure to sediment-associated contaminants, and better inform risk management decisions. Research and communication needs for encouraging broader use are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:224-236. © 2014 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343931?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>