%0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T PAH and OPAH Flux during the Deepwater Horizon Incident. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure air vapor and water dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites prior to, during and after shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). Measurements were taken at each site over a 13 month period, and flux across the water-air boundary was determined. This is the first report of vapor phase and diffusive flux of both PAHs and OPAHs during the DWH. Vapor phase sum PAH and OPAH concentrations ranged between 6.6 and 210 ng/m(3) and 0.02 and 34 ng/m(3) respectively. PAH and OPAH concentrations in air exhibited different spatial and temporal trends than in water, and air-water flux of 13 individual PAHs was shown to be at least partially influenced by the DWH incident. The largest PAH volatilizations occurred at the sites in Alabama and Mississippi at nominal rates of 56 000 and 42 000 ng/m(2) day(-1) in the summer. Naphthalene was the PAH with the highest observed volatilization rate of 52 000 ng/m(2) day(-1) in June 2010. This work represents additional evidence of the DWH incident contributing to air contamination, and provides one of the first quantitative air-water chemical flux determinations with passive sampling technology.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 7489-97 %8 07/2016 %G eng %N 14 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b02784 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2016 %T Passive samplers accurately predict PAH levels in resident crayfish. %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %X

Contamination of resident aquatic organisms is a major concern for environmental risk assessors. However, collecting organisms to estimate risk is often prohibitively time and resource-intensive. Passive sampling accurately estimates resident organism contamination, and it saves time and resources. This study used low density polyethylene (LDPE) passive water samplers to predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Resident crayfish were collected at 5 sites within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite (PHSM) in the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon. LDPE deployment was spatially and temporally paired with crayfish collection. Crayfish visceral and tail tissue, as well as water-deployed LDPE, were extracted and analyzed for 62 PAHs using GC-MS/MS. Freely-dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of PAHs in water were calculated from concentrations in LDPE. Carcinogenic risks were estimated for all crayfish tissues, using benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations (BaPeq). ∑PAH were 5-20 times higher in viscera than in tails, and ∑BaPeq were 6-70 times higher in viscera than in tails. Eating only tail tissue of crayfish would therefore significantly reduce carcinogenic risk compared to also eating viscera. Additionally, PAH levels in crayfish were compared to levels in crayfish collected 10years earlier. PAH levels in crayfish were higher upriver of the PHSM and unchanged within the PHSM after the 10-year period. Finally, a linear regression model predicted levels of 34 PAHs in crayfish viscera with an associated R-squared value of 0.52 (and a correlation coefficient of 0.72), using only the Cfree PAHs in water. On average, the model predicted PAH concentrations in crayfish tissue within a factor of 2.4±1.8 of measured concentrations. This affirms that passive water sampling accurately estimates PAH contamination in crayfish. Furthermore, the strong predictive ability of this simple model suggests that it could be easily adapted to predict contamination in other shellfish of concern.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 544 %P 782-791 %8 02/2016 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.142 %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Passive water sampling predicts PAH contamination in signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2015 %T Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and Oxygenated PAH (OPAH) Air-Water Exchange during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure air vapor and water dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites prior to, during, and after shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). Measurements were taken at each site over a 13 month period, and flux across the water-air boundary was determined. This is the first report of vapor phase and flux of both PAHs and OPAHs during the DWH. Vapor phase sum PAH and OPAH concentrations ranged between 1 and 24 ng/m(3) and 0.3 and 27 ng/m(3), respectively. PAH and OPAH concentrations in air exhibited different spatial and temporal trends than in water, and air-water flux of 13 individual PAHs were strongly associated with the DWH incident. The largest PAH volatilizations occurred at the sites in Alabama and Mississippi in the summer, each nominally 10 000 ng/m(2)/day. Acenaphthene was the PAH with the highest observed volatilization rate of 6800 ng/m(2)/day in September 2010. This work represents additional evidence of the DWH incident contributing to air contamination, and provides one of the first quantitative air-water chemical flux determinations with passive sampling technology.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 49 %P 141-9 %8 1/2015 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1021/es503827y %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Predicting PAH Contamination in Resident Shellfish %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program’s Environmental Health Science Trainee Colloquium. Corvallis, OR %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Predicting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in resident aquatic organisms using passive samplers and partial least-squares calibration. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Brian W Smith %A Gregory J Sower %A Kim A Anderson %X

The current work sought to develop predictive models between time-weighted average polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in the freely dissolved phase and those present in resident aquatic organisms. We deployed semipermeable membrane passive sampling devices (SPMDs) and collected resident crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) at nine locations within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Mega-site in Portland, OR. Study results show that crayfish and aqueous phase samples collected within the Mega-site had PAH profiles enriched in high molecular weight PAHs and that freely dissolved PAH profiles tended to be more populated by low molecular weight PAHs compared to crayfish tissues. Results also show that of several modeling approaches, a two-factor partial least-squares (PLS) calibration model using detection limit substitution provided the best predictive power for estimating PAH concentrations in crayfish, where the model explained ≥72% of the variation in the data set and provided predictions within ∼3× of measured values. Importantly, PLS calibration provided a means to estimate PAH concentrations in tissues when concentrations were below detection in the freely dissolved phase. The impact of measurements below detection limits is discussed.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 48 %P 6291-9 %8 6/2014 %G eng %N 11 %R 10.1021/es5000534 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Pre- and post- shoreline oiling assessment of bioavailable PAH compounds in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC – Gulf Oil Spill Focused Topic Meeting %I SETAC – Gulf Oil Spill Focused Topic Meeting %8 04/2011 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Protecting the Nation’s Food Supply, Use of chemical profiling to determine the origin of food commodities %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 28th Annual Conference, Milwaukee, WI %8 11/2007 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Protecting the Nation’s Food Supply: Use of chemical profiling to determine origin of food commodities %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Perez, Angela L %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 28th Annual Conference, Milwaukee, WI %8 2007 %G eng