%0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2009 %T DGT estimates cadmium accumulation in wheat and potato from phosphate fertilizer applications. %A Perez, Angela L %A Kim A Anderson %K Cadmium %K Diffusion %K Fertilizers %K Phosphates %K Quality Control %K Solanum tuberosum %K Triticum %X

Cadmium is a common impurity in phosphatic fertilizers and may contribute to soil Cd accumulation. Changes in total and bioavailable Cd burdens to agricultural soils and the potential for plant Cd accumulation resulting from fertilizer input was investigated. Three year field studies were conducted using three dose levels of cadmium-rich, commercial, phosphate fertilizers applied at four agricultural sites. Labile Cd concentrations, measured using the passive sampling device Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (Cd(DGT)), increased with increasing fertilizer application rates. Cd also accumulated in the edible portion of wheat and potato crops grown at the sites, and showed strong positive dose response with fertilizer treatment. Regression models were calculated for each site, year, and for individual crops. Model comparisons indicated that soil physical and chemical parameters in addition to soil Cd fractions, were important determinants of Cd(DGT). Significant factors contributing to Cd(DGT) concentrations were Cd from fertilizer input (Cd(fertilizer)), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and total recoverable Cd (Cd(total)). Important factors used to determine Cd concentrations in wheat grain (Cd(wheat)) and in potato (Cd(potato)) were as follows: Cd(wheat):Cd(fertilizer), and Cd(DGT); and Cd(potato):Cd(fertilizer), Cd(DGT), % O.M. The effective concentration, C(E), calculated from DGT did not correlate well with Cd(wheat) or with Cd(potato). Direct measurements of Cd(DGT) correlated better with Cd found in edible plant tissue. The modeling approach presented in this study helps to estimate Cd accumulation in plant tissue over multiple years and in distinct agricultural soil systems.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 407 %P 5096-103 %8 09/2009 %G eng %N 18 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552942?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.045 %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2002 %T Chemical marker for ALS-inhibitor herbicides: 2-aminobutyric acid proportional in sub-lethal applications. %A Loper, Bobby R %A Cobb, William T %A Kim A Anderson %K Acetolactate Synthase %K Aminobutyric Acids %K Autoanalysis %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Enzyme Inhibitors %K Herbicides %K Kinetics %K o-Phthalaldehyde %K Solanum tuberosum %K Trichloroacetic Acid %X

A chemical profiling technique for sub-lethal acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides (e.g., sulfonylureas, imidazolines, triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilides, and pyrimidyloxy salicylic) was developed using 2-aminobutyric acid, and was found to be directly proportional to application rates in field studies on two varieties of potato plants. An uncomplicated, benign-by-design analytical method for the determination of 2-aminobutyric acid in plant tissue was developed. The method is simple, fast, and automated, entailing a water-trichloroacetic acid extraction followed by precolumn on-line derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) solution and liquid chromatographic analyses. Use of reagents and chlorinated organic solvents, and generation of waste, are minimized as compared to other ALS-inhibitor herbicide analytical techniques. Recoveries for a series of fortified plant tissues ranged from 82 to 103%. Two 20-day field trials on two potato varieties, Russet Burbank and Shepody, were conducted during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons. The study demonstrated that the 2-aminobutyric acid method is an excellent, selective chemical marker technique for ALS-inhibitor herbicides for real world plant matrixes.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 50 %P 2601-6 %8 2002 Apr 24 %G eng %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11958629?dopt=Abstract