%0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2024 %T Predicting personal PAH exposure using high dimensional questionnaire and wristband data. %A McLarnan, Sarah M %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Cavalier, Haleigh M %A Diana Rohlman %A Miller, Rachel L %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %A Julie Herbstman %X

BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of pervasive environmental pollutants with a variety of known health effects. While significant work has been completed to estimate personal exposure to PAHs, less has been done to identify sources of these exposures. Comprehensive characterization of reported sources of personal PAH exposure is a critical step to more easily identify individuals at risk of high levels of exposure and for developing targeted interventions based on source of exposure.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we leverage data from a New York (NY)-based birth cohort to identify personal characteristics or behaviors associated with personal PAH exposure and develop models for the prediction of PAH exposure.

METHODS: We quantified 61 PAHs measured using silicone wristband samplers in association with 75 questionnaire variables from 177 pregnant individuals. We evaluated univariate associations between each compound and questionnaire variable, conducted regression tree analysis for each PAH compound and completed a principal component analysis of for each participant's entire PAH exposure profile to determine the predictors of PAH levels.

RESULTS: Regression tree analyses of individual compounds and exposure mixture identified income, time spent outdoors, maternal age, country of birth, transportation type, and season as the variables most frequently predictive of exposure.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2024 Jan 05 %G eng %R 10.1038/s41370-023-00617-y %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2024 %T Utilizing a 1530 Chemical Screening Method to Identify and Characterize Potentially Wildfire-Specific Chemicals %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 63rd Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, UT %8 03/2024 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2023 %T Concurrent assessment of diffusive and advective PAH movement strongly affected by temporal and spatial changes. %A Christine C Ghetu %A Ian L Moran %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Chemical movement influences exposure, remediation and interventions. Understanding chemical movement in addition to chemical concentrations at contaminated sites is critical to informed decision making. Using seepage meters and passive sampling devices we assessed both diffusive and advective flux of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at three time points, across two seasons, at a former creosote site in St. Helens, Oregon, United States. To our knowledge, this is the first time both diffusive and advective fluxes have been measured simultaneously at a contaminated site. Concentrations of 39 parent PAHs were determined by gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Across both seasons and all sites, diffusive flux of PAHs was up to three orders of magnitude larger than advective flux. Release of PAHs from sediments and water were identified, likely from legacy contamination, as well as deposition from the air into the site from contemporary and other sources. The majority of PAH movement was comprised of three and four ring PAHs. Chemical movement on the site was found to be spatially and temporally variable. Volatilization decreased and atmospheric deposition increased from summer to fall. At the locations with higher levels of contamination, sum PAH release from sediments decreased by more than two orders of magnitude from summer to late fall. These data reflect the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of this site and demonstrate the importance of seasonality in assessing chemical movement at contaminated sites. Results from this study can inform future legacy site assessments to optimize remediation strategies and assess remediation effectiveness.

%B Sci Total Environ %P 168765 %8 2023 Nov 20 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168765 %0 Conference Paper %D 2023 %T Environmental and Genetic Insights into Carcinogenesis: An Approach using Passive Sampling and CHIP Analysis in the Companion Dog %A Christopher Husted %A Kate Megquier %A Adam Harris %A Diane P. Genereux %A Kim A Anderson %A Alexander Bick %A Frances Chen %A Elinor Karlsson %G eng %0 Journal Article %D 2023 %T Follicular DNA Damage and Pesticide Exposure Among Latinx Children in Rural and Urban Communities %A Cassandra Lepetit %A Mohamed Gaber %A Ke Zhou %A Haiying Chen %A Julia Holmes %A Phillip Summers %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Carey N Pope %A Kirstin Hester %A Paul J Laurienti %A Sara A Quandt %A Thomas A Arcury %A Pierre‑Alexandre Vidi %X

The intersectional risks of children in United States immigrant communities include environmental exposures. Pesticide exposures and their biological outcomes are not well characterized in this population group. We assessed pesticide exposure and related these exposures to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Latinx children from rural, farmworker families (FW; N = 30) and from urban, non-farmworker families (NFW; N = 15) living in North Carolina. DSBs were quantified in hair follicular cells by immunostaining of 53BP1, and exposure to 72 pesticides and pesticide degradation products were determined using silicone wristbands. Cholinesterase activity was measured in blood samples. DSB frequencies were higher in FW compared to NFW children. Seasonal effects were detected in the FW group, with highest DNA damage levels in April–June and lowest levels in October–November. Acetylcholinesterase depression had the same seasonality and correlated with follicular DNA damage. Organophosphate pesticides were more frequently detected in FW than in NFW children. Participants with organophosphate detections had increased follicular DNA damage compared to participants without organophosphate detection. Follicular DNA damage did not correlate with organochlorine or pyrethroid detections and was not associated with the total number of pesticides detected in the wristbands. These results point to rural disparities in pesticide exposures and their outcomes in children from vulnerable immigrant communities. They suggest that among the different classes of pesticides, organophosphates have the strongest genotoxic effects. Assessing pesticide exposures and their consequences at the individual level is key to environmental surveillance programs. To this end, the minimally invasive combined approach used here is particularly well suited for children.

%8 09/2023 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Investigating the Movement of Parent PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire to Understand Potential Human Exposure %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B ISES Chicago, IL %8 08/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Investigating Wildfire Smoke Composition and the Movement of Parent and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire to Understand Potential Human Exposure %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 44th Annual Meeting Louisville, KY %8 11/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Movement of PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Pre-Wildfire, Wildfire, and Post-Wildfire %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU EMT Research Day Symposium Corvallis, OR %8 01/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Movement of Parent PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC 32nd Annual Conference Troutdale, OR %8 05/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Spatial and Cancer-Related Variation in Chemical Exposures Among Domestic Dogs %A Christopher Husted %A Brittney Logan %A Kate Megquier %A Dane Genereux %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Frances Chen %A Elinor Karlsson %B UMASS Retreat, UMASS Cancer Retreat %8 10/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2022 %T Chemical exposures assessed via silicone wristbands and endogenous plasma metabolomics during pregnancy. %A Brett T Doherty %A McRitchie, Susan L %A Pathmasiri, Wimal W %A Stewart, Delisha A %A Kirchner, David %A Kim A Anderson %A Gui, Jiang %A Madan, Juliette C %A Hoen, Anne G %A Sumner, Susan J %A Margaret R Karagas %A Megan E Romano %K Cohort Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Metabolome %K Metabolomics %K Pregnancy %K Prospective Studies %K Silicones %X

BACKGROUND: Metabolomics is a promising method to investigate physiological effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy, with the potential to clarify toxicological mechanisms, suggest sensitive endpoints, and identify novel biomarkers of exposures.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the influence of chemical exposures on the maternal plasma metabolome during pregnancy.

METHODS: Data were obtained from participants (n = 177) in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. Chemical exposures were assessed via silicone wristbands worn for one week at ~13 gestational weeks. Metabolomic features were assessed in plasma samples obtained at ~24-28 gestational weeks via the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Associations between chemical exposures and plasma metabolomics were investigated using multivariate modeling.

RESULTS: Chemical exposures predicted 11 (of 226) and 23 (of 125) metabolomic features in Biocrates and NMR, respectively. The joint chemical exposures did not significantly predict pathway enrichment, though some individual chemicals were associated with certain amino acids and related metabolic pathways. For example, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide was associated with the amino acids glycine, L-glutamic acid, L-asparagine, and L-aspartic acid and enrichment of the ammonia recycling pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE: This study contributes evidence to the potential effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy upon the endogenous maternal plasma metabolome.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %V 32 %P 259-267 %8 2022 Mar %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1038/s41370-021-00394-6 %0 Journal Article %J Citiz Sci %D 2022 %T Designing Equitable, Transparent Community-Engaged Disaster Research. %A Diana Rohlman %A Samantha Samon %A Sarah E Allan %A Michael L Barton %A Holly Dixon %A Christine C Ghetu %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Symanski, Elaine %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %X

Disaster research faces significant infrastructure challenges: regional and federal coordination, access to resources, and community collaboration. Disasters can lead to chemical exposures that potentially impact human health and cause concern in affected communities. Community-engaged research, which incorporates local knowledge and voices, is well-suited for work with communities that experience impacts of environmental exposures following disasters. We present three examples of community-engaged disaster research (CEnDR) following oil spills, hurricanes, and wildfires, and their impact on long-term social, physical, and technical community infrastructure. We highlight the following CEnDR structures: researcher/community networks; convenient research tools; adaptable data collection modalities for equitable access; and return of data.

%B Citiz Sci %V 7 %8 2022 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.5334/cstp.443 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2022 %T Evaluating predictive relationships between wristbands and urine for assessment of personal PAH exposure. %A Holly Dixon %A Lisa M Bramer %A Richard P Scott %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Cavalier, Haleigh M %A Diana Rohlman %A Miller, Rachel L %A Antonia M Calafat %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %X

During events like the COVID-19 pandemic or a disaster, researchers may need to switch from collecting biological samples to personal exposure samplers that are easy and safe to transport and wear, such as silicone wristbands. Previous studies have demonstrated significant correlations between urine biomarker concentrations and chemical levels in wristbands. We build upon those studies and use a novel combination of descriptive statistics and supervised statistical learning to evaluate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone wristbands and hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in urine. In New York City, 109 participants in a longitudinal birth cohort wore one wristband for 48 h and provided a spot urine sample at the end of the 48-hour period during their third trimester of pregnancy. We compared four PAHs with the corresponding seven OH-PAHs using descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and a linear discriminant analysis model. Five of the seven PAH and OH-PAH pairs had significant correlations (Pearson's r = 0.35-0.64, p ≤ 0.003) and significant chi-square tests of independence for exposure categories (p ≤ 0.009). For these five comparisons, the observed PAH or OH-PAH concentration could predict the other concentration within a factor of 1.47 for 50-80% of the measurements (depending on the pair). Prediction accuracies for high exposure categories were at least 1.5 times higher compared to accuracies based on random chance. These results demonstrate that wristbands and urine provide similar PAH exposure assessment information, which is critical for environmental health researchers looking for the flexibility to switch between biological sample and wristband collection.

%B Environ Int %V 163 %P 107226 %8 2022 Apr 04 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107226 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2022 %T Inter-method reliability of silicone exposome wristbands and urinary biomarker assays in a pregnancy cohort. %A Megan E Romano %A Gallagher, Lisa %A Brett T Doherty %A Yeum, Dabin %A Lee, Sunmi %A Takazawa, Mari %A Kim A Anderson %A Kannan, Kurunthachalam %A Margaret R Karagas %X

Silicone wristbands act as passive environmental samplers capable of detecting and measuring concentrations of a variety of chemicals. They offer a noninvasive method to collect complex exposure data in large-scale epidemiological studies. We evaluated the inter-method reliability of silicone wristbands and urinary biomarkers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. A subset of study participants (n = 96) provided a urine sample and wore a silicone wristband for 7 days at approximately 12 gestational weeks. Women were instructed to wear the wristbands during all their normal activities. Concentrations of urinary compounds and metabolites in the urine and parent compounds in wristbands were compared. High detection rates were observed for triphenyl phosphate (76.0%) and benzophenone (78.1%) in wristbands, although the distribution of corresponding urinary concentrations of chemicals did not differ according to whether chemicals were detected or not detected in wristbands. While detected among only 8.3% of wristbands, median urinary triclosan concentrations were higher among those with triclosan detected in wristbands (9.04 ng/mL) than without (0.16 ng/mL). For most chemicals slight to fair agreement was observed across exposure assessment methods, potentially due to low rates of detection in the wristbands for chemicals where observed urinary concentrations were relatively low as compared to background concentrations in the general population. Our findings support the growing body of research in support of deploying silicone wristbands as an important exposure assessment tool.

%B Environ Res %V 214 %P 113981 %8 2022 Nov %G eng %N Pt 3 %R 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113981 %0 Journal Article %J Toxics %D 2022 %T Leveraging Multiple Data Streams for Prioritization of Mixtures for Hazard Characterization. %A Rivera, Brianna N %A Christine C Ghetu %A Yvonne Chang %A Truong, Lisa %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %X

There is a growing need to establish alternative approaches for mixture safety assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to limitations with current component-based approaches, and the lack of established methods for using whole mixtures, a promising alternative is to use sufficiently similar mixtures; although, an established framework is lacking. In this study, several approaches are explored to form sufficiently similar mixtures. Multiple data streams including environmental concentrations and empirically and predicted toxicity data for cancer and non-cancer endpoints were used to prioritize chemical components for mixture formations. Air samplers were analyzed for unsubstituted and alkylated PAHs. A synthetic mixture of identified PAHs was created (Creosote-Fire Mix). Existing toxicity values and chemical concentrations were incorporated to identify hazardous components in the Creosote-Fire Mix. Sufficiently similar mixtures of the Creosote-Fire Mix were formed based on (1) relative abundance; (2) toxicity values; and (3) a combination approach incorporating toxicity and abundance. Hazard characterization of these mixtures was performed using high-throughput screening in primary normal human bronchial epithelium (NHBE) and zebrafish. Differences in chemical composition and potency were observed between mixture formation approaches. The toxicity-based approach (Tox Mix) was the most potent mixture in both models. The combination approach (Weighted-Tox Mix) was determined to be the ideal approach due its ability to prioritize chemicals with high exposure and hazard potential.

%B Toxics %V 10 %8 2022 Oct 29 %G eng %N 11 %R 10.3390/toxics10110651 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Movement of PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After Wildfires %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 43rd Annual Meeting Pittsburgh, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2022 %T A Novel Framework to Form Sufficiently Similar Mixtures %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Yvonne Chang %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Risk Assessment and Mixtures Specialty Section Webinar %8 01/22 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2022 %T Wildfire Impact on Indoor and Outdoor PAH Air Quality. %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Air quality impacts from wildfires are poorly understood, particularly indoors. As frequencies increase, it is important to optimize methodologies to understand and reduce chemical exposures from wildfires. Public health recommendations use air quality estimates from outdoor stationary air monitors, discounting indoor air conditions, and do not consider chemicals in the vapor phase, known to elicit adverse effects. We investigated vapor-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air before, during, and after wildfires using a community-engaged research approach. Paired passive air samplers were deployed at 15 locations across four states. Twelve unique PAHs were detected only in outdoor air during wildfires, highlighting a PAH exposure mixture for future study. Heavy-molecular-weight (HMW) outdoor PAH concentrations and average Air Quality Index (AQI) values were positively correlated ( < 0.001). Indoor PAH concentrations were higher in 77% of samples across all sampling events. Even during wildfires, 58% of sampled locations still had higher indoor PAH air concentrations. When AQI values exceeded 140 (unhealthy for sensitive groups), outdoor PAH concentrations became similar to or higher than indoors. Cancer and noncancer inhalation risk estimates from vapor-phase PAHs were higher indoors than outdoors, regardless of the wildfire impact. Consideration of indoor air quality and vapor-phase PAHs could inform public health recommendations regarding wildfires.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 2022 Jul 08 %G eng %R 10.1021/acs.est.2c00619 %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Assessing Chemical Movement and Temporality at a Former Creosote Site %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting Portland, OR %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Assessing PAH movement %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Data Update with Oregon DEQ, Cascadia, LLC and Port of Columbia, Virtual %8 01/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Fall 2021 Dissertation Completion Award %A Christine C Ghetu %B Oregon State University Graduate School %8 09/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health %D 2021 %T Houston hurricane Harvey health (Houston-3H) study: assessment of allergic symptoms and stress after hurricane Harvey flooding. %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Panthagani, Kristen %A Sotelo, Jesus %A Gu, Xiangjun %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Luo, Dan Na %A Kristi L Hoffman %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Symanski, Elaine %A Kim A Anderson %A Petrosino, Joseph F %A Cheryl Walker %A Melissa Bondy %X

BACKGROUND: In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey caused unprecedented flooding across the greater Houston area. Given the potential for widespread flood-related exposures, including mold and sewage, and the emotional and mental toll caused by the flooding, we sought to evaluate the short- and long-term impact of flood-related exposures on the health of Houstonians. Our objectives were to assess the association of flood-related exposures with allergic symptoms and stress among Houston-area residents at two time points: within approximately 30 days (T1) and 12 months (T2) after Hurricane Harvey's landfall.

METHODS: The Houston Hurricane Harvey Health (Houston-3H) Study enrolled a total of 347 unique participants from four sites across Harris County at two times: within approximately 1-month of Harvey (T1, n = 206) and approximately 12-months after Harvey (T2, n = 266), including 125 individuals who participated at both time points. Using a self-administered questionnaire, participants reported details on demographics, flood-related exposures, and health outcomes, including allergic symptoms and stress.

RESULTS: The majority of participants reported hurricane-related flooding in their homes at T1 (79.1%) and T2 (87.2%) and experienced at least one allergic symptom after the hurricane (79.4% at T1 and 68.4% at T2). In general, flood-exposed individuals were at increased risk of upper respiratory tract allergic symptoms, reported at both the T1 and T2 time points, with exposures to dirty water and mold associated with increased risk of multiple allergic symptoms. The mean stress score of study participants at T1 was 8.0 ± 2.1 and at T2, 5.1 ± 3.2, on a 0-10 scale. Participants who experienced specific flood-related exposures reported higher stress scores when compared with their counterparts, especially 1 year after Harvey. Also, a supplementary paired-samples analysis showed that reports of wheezing, shortness of breath, and skin rash did not change between T1 and T2, though other conditions were less commonly reported at T2.

CONCLUSION: These initial Houston-3H findings demonstrate that flooding experiences that occurred as a consequence of Hurricane Harvey had lasting impacts on the health of Houstonians up to 1 year after the hurricane.

%B Environ Health %V 20 %P 9 %8 2021 Jan 19 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12940-021-00694-2 %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2021 %T Improvements in identification and quantitation of alkylated PAHs and forensic ratio sourcing. %A Christine C Ghetu %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Rachel Liu-May %A Kim A Anderson %X

Parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in a number of different sources in varying proportions depending on the source material and weathering. This range of PAH sources can make it difficult to determine the origin of exposure(s). Ratios of alkylated and parent PAHs have been applied as a forensic tool to distinguish between different sources. However, few studies have examined PAH ratios comprehensively as indicators for sourcing beyond a single study area or matrix type. In this paper, we introduce an expanded analytical method based on ASTM D7363-13a which we adapted for a gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry instrument. The modifications increase selectivity and sensitivity compared to the ASTM method. We added five alkylated series to the method. This method has then been applied to 22 independent forensic ratios. We evaluated the method and the forensic ratios with certified reference materials and known environmental samples. This analytical method and thirteen PAH ratios were found to accurately predict sources of PAHs.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %V 413 %P 1651-1664 %8 2021 Mar %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s00216-020-03127-0 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T Influences of Household Behavior and Demographics on Indoor Air Quality %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T A Novel Approach to Forming Sufficiently Similar Mixtures from Environmental Exposure Data %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Society of Toxicology %8 03/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T ORISE EPA Fellowship: Tribal Drinking Water Program (in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska) %A Christine C Ghetu %8 04/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Pediatr Health Care %D 2021 %T Preschool-Age Children's Pesticide Exposures in Child Care Centers and at Home in Northern California. %A Alkon, Abbey %A Gunier, Robert B %A Hazard, Kimberly %A Castorina, Rosemary %A Peter D Hoffman %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %A Asa Bradman %X

INTRODUCTION: Young children may be exposed to pesticides used in child care centers and their family homes. We examined pesticide use and environmental and behavioral factors potentially associated with child exposures in these settings.

METHOD: Preschool-age children (n = 125) wore silicone wristbands to assess pesticide exposures in their child care centers and home environments. Information about environmental and behavioral exposure determinants was collected using parent surveys, child care director interviews, and observations.

RESULTS: Commonly detected pesticides were bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fipronil, and cis- and trans-permethrin. Pesticide chemical storage onsite, cracks in the walls, using doormats, observed pests, or evidence of pests were associated with child exposures. Exposures were higher in counties with higher agricultural or commercial pesticide use or when children lived in homes near agricultural fields.

DISCUSSION: Young children are being exposed to harmful pesticides, and interventions are needed to lower their risk of health problems later in life.

%B J Pediatr Health Care %8 2021 Oct 07 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.09.004 %0 Generic %D 2021 %T SETAC Student Travel Award %A Christine C Ghetu %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %8 08/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement of PAHs %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Puget Sound Toxics Workshop, Virtual %8 02/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Wildfire Impacts on Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting Portland, OR %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T ARCS Foundation Scholar %A Christine C Ghetu %B Oregon State University %8 01/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Assessing PAH chemical movement %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Data Update with Cascadia, LLC and Port of Columbia, Virtual %8 10/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Assessing PAH diffusive and advective flux contributions and temporality in the environment %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2020 Annual Meeting, Virtual %8 12/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B Protecting our water future for human and environmental health Research Symposium, Oregon State University Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T A Comparative Approach to Evaluating Bioactivity of Representative Mixtures %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Protecting Our Water Future for Human and Environmental Health %8 01/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T A Comparative Approach to Evaluating Bioactivity of Representative Mixtures %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Protecting Our Water Future for Human and Environmental Health %8 01/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T A Comprehensive Comparison of Indoor vs Outdoor Air Quality Across the United States %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry %8 11/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T A Comprehensive Comparison of Indoor vs Outdoor Air Quality Across the United States %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science %8 09/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T A Novel Approach to Forming Sufficiently Similar Mixtures From Environmental Exposure Data %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Pacific Northwest Association of Toxicologists Annual Meeting %8 11/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T A Novel Approach to Forming Sufficiently Similar Mixtures from Environmental Exposure Data %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Superfund Research Center Annual Meeting %8 12/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Predicting contaminant sources in environmental samples using GC-MS/MS alkylated PAH analysis and a comprehensive list of forensic ratios %A Christine C Ghetu %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Rachel Liu-May %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 41st Annual Meeting, Virtual. %8 11/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Predicting contaminant sources in environmental samples using GC-MS/MS alkylated PAH analysis and a comprehensive list of forensic ratios %A Christine C Ghetu %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Rachel Liu-May %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2020 Annual Meeting, Virtual %8 12/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 10th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Training Grant Fellowship for Graduate Research & Education %A Christine C Ghetu %X

T32 predoctoral trainee on the NIEHS training grant, Integrated Regional Training Program in Environmental Health Sciences.

%B National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences %8 08/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement of PAHs %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 41st Annual Meeting, Virtual %8 11/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement of PAHs %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B Cascadia Wildfire and Urban Smoke Working Group Webinar, Virtual %8 07/2020 %G eng %0 Web Page %D 2020 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program Blog %G eng %U https://blogs.oregonstate.edu/superfund/2020/10/13/wildfire-impact-on-indoor-outdoor-air-quality-and-chemical-movement/ %0 Generic %D 2019 %T 1st Place Best Student Poster Award %A Christine C Ghetu %B Environmental Public Health in the 21st Century Research Symposium, Oregon State University Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T ARCS Foundation Scholar %A Christine C Ghetu %B Oregon State University %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US. %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Environmental Public Health in the 21st Century Research Symposium, Oregon State University Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B ARCS Foundation Scholars Luncheon, Portland, OR %8 10/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2019 Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2019 %T Determinants of pesticide concentrations in silicone wristbands worn by Latina adolescent girls in a California farmworker community: The COSECHA youth participatory action study. %A Harley, Kim G %A Parra, Kimberly L %A Jose Camacho %A Asa Bradman %A Nolan, James E S %A Lessard, Chloe %A Kim A Anderson %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Richard P Scott %A Lazaro, Giselle %A Edgar Cardoso %A Daisy Gallardo %A Gunier, Robert B %X

Personal exposure to pesticides has not been well characterized, especially among adolescents. We used silicone wristbands to assess pesticide exposure in 14 to 16 year old Latina girls (N = 97) living in the agricultural Salinas Valley, California, USA and enrolled in the COSECHA (CHAMACOS of Salinas Examining Chemicals in Homes and Agriculture) Study, a youth participatory action study in an agricultural region of California. We determined pesticide concentrations (ng/g/day) in silicone wristbands worn for one week using gas chromatography electron capture detection and employed gas chromatography mass spectrometry to determine the presence or absence of over 1500 chemicals. Predictors of pesticide detections and concentrations were identified using logistic regression, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Tobit regression models. The most frequently detected pesticides in wristbands were fipronil sulfide (87%), cypermethrin (56%), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (56%), dacthal (53%), and trans-permethrin (52%). Living within 100 m of active agricultural fields, having carpeting in the home, and having an exterminator treat the home in the past six months were associated with higher odds of detecting certain pesticides. Permethrin concentrations were lower for participants who cleaned their homes daily (GM: 1.9 vs. 6.8 ng/g/day, p = 0.01). In multivariable regression models, participants with doormats in the entryway of their home had lower concentrations (p < 0.05) of cypermethrin (87%), permethrin (99%), fipronil sulfide (69%) and DDE (75%). The results suggest that both nearby agricultural pesticide use and individual behaviors are associated with pesticide exposures.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 652 %P 1022-1029 %8 2018 Oct 23 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.276 %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2019 %T Differential exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in mother-child pairs. %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Heather M Stapleton %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Burke, Kimberly %A Martinez, Rodney %A Cortes, Boris %A Nematollahi, Amy %A Evans, David %A Kim A Anderson %A Julie Herbstman %K Adult %K Child %K Child Development %K Child, Preschool %K Cohort Studies %K Dust %K Environmental Exposure %K Female %K Flame Retardants %K Humans %K Male %K Mothers %K Organophosphates %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: Humans are ubiquitously exposed to flame retardants, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), through direct contact with consumer products or exposure through household dust. Children are at increased risk because of their proximity to dust, hand-to-mouth activity, and the importance of childhood as a critical period in neurodevelopment.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify differences in exposure levels between mothers and children (three to six years of age), we analyzed urinary metabolites of OPEs. We additionally assessed the ability of silicone wristbands (measuring ambient exposure) to predict urinary metabolite concentrations.

METHODS: We selected 32 mother and child dyads from an existing cohort. Participants provided baseline urine samples and wore wristbands for one week. After the first week, they returned their wristbands and provided a second urine sample. During the second week, participants wore a second wristband that they returned at the end of week two with a third and final urine sample.

RESULTS: We found significantly higher levels of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) (p < 0.001) and lower levels of bis(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) 1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (p < 0.001) in children's urine samples compared to mothers' samples at baseline. We found that triphenylphosphate (TPHP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) measured in wristbands predicted their respective metabolite levels in urine.

CONCLUSION: Children had higher levels than mothers for two of six flame retardant metabolites measured in urine. Generally, wristband measurements positively predicted internal dose. As little is known about the health effects of OPEs on child development, future research is needed to determine the impact of differential exposure.

%B Chemosphere %V 219 %P 567-573 %8 2019 Mar %G eng %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.008 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol Lett %D 2019 %T Indoor versus Outdoor Air Quality during Wildfires. %A Messier, K P %A Lane G Tidwell %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

The human behavioral modification recommendations during wildfire events are based on particulate matter and may be confounded by the potential risks of gas-phase pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Moreover, the majority of adults spend over 90 percent of their time indoors where there is an increased concern of indoor air quality during wildfire events. We address these timely concerns by evaluating paired indoor and outdoor PAH concentrations in residential locations and their relationship with satellite model-based categorization of wildfire smoke intensity. Low-density polyethylene passive air samplers were deployed at six urban sites for 1 week in Eugene, Oregon with matched indoor and outdoor samples and 24 h time resolution. Samples were then quantitatively analyzed for 63 PAH concentrations using gas-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A probabilistic principal components analysis was used to reduce all 63 PAHs into an aggregate measure. Linear regression of the first principal component against indoor versus outdoor shows that indoor gas-phase PAH concentrations are consistently equal to or greater than outdoor concentrations. Regression against a satellite-based model for wildfire smoke shows that outdoor, but not indoor gas-phase PAH concentrations are likely associated with wildfire events. These results point toward the need to include gas-phase pollutants such as PAHs in air pollution risk assessment.

%B Environ Sci Technol Lett %V 6 %P 696-701 %8 2019 Dec 10 %G eng %N 12 %R 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00599 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T NIEHS Extramural Paper of the Month: Flame retardant linked to hyperthyroidism in cats %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2019/9/papers/dert/index.htm %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2019/9/papers/dert/index.htm %0 Generic %D 2019 %T SETAC Best Student Platform Award (3rd Place): Foster (Sonny) Mayer PhD Category %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %U https://awards.setac.org/best-student-presentation/ %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University, Environmental Health Science Center July Colloquium, Corvallis, OR %8 07/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Cats %K Flame Retardants %K Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers %K Hyperthyroidism %K New York %K Oregon %K Organophosphates %K Phosphates %K Silicones %X

Feline hyperthyroidism is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine-related disease among senior and geriatric housecats, but the causes remain unknown. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds with thyroid targets, such as flame retardants (FRs), may contribute to disease development. Silicone passive sampling devices, or pet tags, quantitatively assessed the bioavailable FR exposures of 78 cats (≥7 y) in New York and Oregon using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pet tags were analyzed for 36 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, six organophosphate esters (OPEs), and two alternative brominated FRs. In nonhyperthyroid cats, serum free thyroxine (fT), total T (TT), total triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were compared with FR concentrations. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) concentrations were higher in hyperthyroid pet tags in comparison to nonhyperthyroid pet tags (adjusted odds ratio, < 0.07; Mantel-Cox, < 0.02). Higher TDCIPP concentrations were associated with air freshener use in comparison to no use ( < 0.01), residences built since 2005 compared to those pre-1989 ( < 0.002), and cats preferring to spend time on upholstered furniture in comparison to no preference ( < 0.05). Higher TDCIPP concentrations were associated with higher fT and TT concentrations ( < 0.05). This study provides proof-of-concept data for the use of silicone pet tags with companion animals and further indicates that bioavailable TDCIPP exposures are associated with feline hyperthyroidism.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 53 %P 9203-9213 %8 2019 Aug 06 %G eng %N 15 %R 10.1021/acs.est.9b02226 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T ARCS Foundation Scholar %A Christine C Ghetu %X
%B Oregon State University %8 08/2017 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in St. Helens, Oregon %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 27th PNW-SETAC Annual Conference, Corvallis, OR %8 03/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 39th Annual Meeting, Sacremento, CA %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US. %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2018 Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA. %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 9th Annual Research Day, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Bridging Superfund Bioavailable PAH Fate with Individual Exposures and Biological Effects %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %X
%B Oregon State University/PNNL Superfund Research Program External Advisory Meeting, Carson, WA %8 03/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Analytical Methods %D 2018 %T The combination of spectroscopy, microscopy, and profilometry methods for the physical and chemical characterization of environmentally relevant microplastics %A Kyra A Murrel %A Christine C Ghetu %A Frank L Dorman %X

Environmental pollution related to microplastics (MPs) is a growing concern across the globe. In addition to the primary concern of MP levels in the environment, they have also been known to sorb a variety of organic materials, concentrating and transporting them into the environment and aquatic life. The focus of this study was to evaluate differences in surface characteristics and chemical composition of neat MP standards relative to MP samples extracted from personal care products and wastewater effluent. MPs were first chemically characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) to determine their composition, then physically characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Profilometry (OP). Under SEM and OP imaging, neat polyethylene MP standards appeared uniform in spherical shape with a smooth surface displaying shallow pitting. MPs extracted from personal care products were characterized as polyethylene and many of these samples displayed a significant distortion from the spherical shape of the neat standards with crevices ranging at various depths. MPs extracted from a Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) effluent tank were characterized as polyethylene and other unidentified plastic polymers. Through SEM and OP, the WWTP effluent extracted MPs were seen to have similar surface characteristics to the personal care product extracted spherical MPs, demonstrating deep pits and large flat top peaks. OP was used to quantitatively compare the MPs by three surface roughness parameters. This proof-of-concept study is the first to utilize FT-IR, SEM and OP for the surface characterization of MP samples. Combining these three methods allows for the chemical identification of MPs along with the qualitative and quantitative comparison of their surface characteristics, demonstrating that MPs extracted from personal care products and WWTP effluent differ greatly from neat microsphere standards of similar sizes.

%B Analytical Methods %I Analytical Methods %V 10 %P 4909-4916 %8 10/2018 %@ 10.1039/C8AY01826J %G eng %N 40 %& 4909 %R 10.1039/C8AY01826J %0 Journal Article %J Arch Toxicol %D 2018 %T Comparative developmental toxicity of a comprehensive suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. %A Mitra Geier %A Chlebowski, Anna C %A Truong, Lisa %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Animals %K Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Larva %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Toxicity Tests %K Zebrafish %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants that occur in complex mixtures. Several PAHs are known or suspected mutagens and/or carcinogens, but developmental toxicity data is lacking for PAHs, particularly their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives. Such data are necessary to understand and predict the toxicity of environmental mixtures. 123 PAHs were assessed for morphological and neurobehavioral effects for a range of concentrations between 0.1 and 50 µM, using a high throughput early-life stage zebrafish assay, including 33 parent, 22 nitrated, 17 oxygenated, 19 hydroxylated, 14 methylated, 16 heterocyclic, and 2 aminated PAHs. Additionally, each PAH was evaluated for AHR activation, by assessing CYP1A protein expression using whole animal immunohistochemistry (IHC). Responses to PAHs varied in a structurally dependent manner. High-molecular weight PAHs were significantly more developmentally toxic than the low-molecular weight PAHs, and CYP1A expression was detected in five distinct tissues, including vasculature, liver, skin, neuromasts and yolk.

%B Arch Toxicol %V 92 %P 571-586 %8 2018 Feb %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s00204-017-2068-9 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T SETAC Student Travel Award %A Christine C Ghetu %X
%B SETAC North America 39th Annual Meeting %8 09/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Cat Tags Detect Feline Flame Retardant Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU Superfund Research Program External Advisory Council Meeting, Carson, WA %8 03/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Cat Tags Detect Feline Flame Retardant Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Joint Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science and International Society of Environmental Epidemiology, Ottawa, ON %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Society of Collegiate Leadership and Achievement %A Christine C Ghetu %X
%B Oregon State University %8 03/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2018 %T Systematic developmental neurotoxicity assessment of a representative PAH Superfund mixture using zebrafish. %A Mitra Geier %A D James Minick %A Truong, Lisa %A Susan C Tilton %A Pande, Paritosh %A Kim A Anderson %A JG Teeguarden %A Robyn L Tanguay %X

Superfund sites often consist of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is widely recognized that PAHs pose risks to human and environmental health, but the risks posed by exposure to PAH mixtures are unclear. We constructed an environmentally relevant PAH mixture with the top 10 most prevalent PAHs (SM10) from a Superfund site derived from environmental passive sampling data. Using the zebrafish model, we measured body burden at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) and evaluated the developmental and neurotoxicity of SM10 and the 10 individual constituents at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) and 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 120 hpf to (1) the SM10 mixture, (2) a variety of individual PAHs: pyrene, fluoranthene, retene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluorene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. We demonstrated that SM10 and only 3 of the individual PAHs were developmentally toxic. Subsequently, we constructed and exposed developing zebrafish to two sub-mixtures: SM3 (comprised of 3 of the developmentally toxicity PAHs) and SM7 (7 non-developmentally toxic PAHs). We found that the SM3 toxicity profile was similar to SM10, and SM7 unexpectedly elicited developmental toxicity unlike that seen with its individual components. The results demonstrated that the overall developmental toxicity in the mixtures could be explained using the general concentration addition model. To determine if exposures activated the AHR pathway, spatial expression of CYP1A was evaluated in the 10 individual PAHs and the 3 mixtures at 5 dpf. Results showed activation of AHR in the liver and vasculature for the mixtures and some individual PAHs. Embryos exposed to SM10 during development and raised in chemical-free water into adulthood exhibited decreased learning and responses to startle stimulus indicating that developmental SM10 exposures affect neurobehavior. Collectively, these results exemplify the utility of zebrafish to investigate the developmental and neurotoxicity of complex mixtures.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %8 2018 Apr 06 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.029 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Wearable Silicone Passive Sampling Devices Explore Flame Retardant Exposures in Hyperthyroid Housecat Case-Control Study %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Joint Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science and International Society of Environmental Epidemiology, Ottawa, ON %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Wearable Silicone Passive Sampling Devices Reveal Flame Retardant Exposures in Case-Control Housecat Study %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2017 %T ARCS Foundation Scholar %A Christine C Ghetu %B Oregon State University %8 01/2017 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2017 %T Hazard assessment of a PAH Superfund mixture in the zebrafish developmental toxicity mode %A D James Minick %A Mitra Geier %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %X
%B Pacific Northwest Chapter of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 26th Annual Meeting %8 04/2017 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Hazard assessment of a PAH Superfund mixture in the zebrafish developmental toxicity model %A D James Minick %A Mitra Geier %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %B Society of Toxicology 56th Annual Meeting %C Baltimore %8 03/2017 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T PAH Accessibility in Particulate Matter from Road-Impacted Environments. %A Allan, Ian J %A Steven G O'Connell %A Meland, Sondre %A Bæk, Kine %A Grung, Merete %A Kim A Anderson %A Ranneklev, Sissel B %X

Snowmelt, surface runoff, or stormwater releases in urban environments can result in significant discharges of particulate matter-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into aquatic environments. Recently, more-specific activities such as road-tunnel washing have been identified as contributing to contaminant load to surface waters. However, knowledge of PAH accessibility in particulate matter (PM) of urban origin that may ultimately be released into urban surface waters is limited. In the present study, we evaluated the accessibility of PAHs associated with seven distinct (suspended) particulate matter samples collected from different urban sources. Laboratory-based infinite sink extractions with silicone rubber (SR) as the extractor phase demonstrated a similar pattern of PAH accessibility for most PM samples. Substantially higher accessible fractions were observed for the less-hydrophobic PAHs (between 40 and 80% of total concentrations) compared with those measured for the most-hydrophobic PAHs (<5% of total concentrations). When we focused on PAHs bound to PM from tunnel-wash waters, first-order desorption rates for PAHs with log Kow > 5.5 were found in line with those commonly found for slowly or very slowly desorbing sediment-associated contaminants. PAHs with log Kow < 5.5 were found at higher desorbing rates. The addition of detergents did not influence the extractability of lighter PAHs but increased desorption rates for the heavier PAHs, potentially contributing to increases in the toxicity of tunnel-wash waters when surfactants are used. The implications of total and accessible PAH concentrations measured in our urban PM samples are discussed in a context of management of PAH and PM emission to the surrounding aquatic environment. Although we only fully assessed PAHs in this work, further study should consider other contaminants such as OPAHs, which were also detected in all PM samples.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 07/2016 %G eng %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b00504 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Schreyer Honors Scholar %A Christine C Ghetu %B The Pennsylvania State University %8 01/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Assessment of PAH Contribution to Superfund Site Hazard Using a Representative PAH Mixture and a Zebrafish Developmental Toxicity Model %A D James Minick %A Mitra Geier %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Schreyer Honors Scholar %A Christine C Ghetu %B The Pennsylvania State University %8 01/2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Oecologia %D 2014 %T Elevational differences in trait response to UV-B radiation by long-toed salamander populations. %A Thurman, Lindsey L %A Garcia, Tiffany S %A Peter D Hoffman %K Altitude %K Animals %K Behavior, Animal %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA Damage %K Ecosystem %K Female %K Oviposition %K Stress, Physiological %K Ultraviolet Rays %K Urodela %X

Amphibian species capable of optimizing trait response to environmental stressors may develop complex strategies for defending against rapid environmental change. Trait responses may differ between populations, particularly if stressor strength varies across spatial or temporal gradients. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is one such stressor that poses a significant threat to amphibian species. We examined the ability of long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) at high- and low-elevation breeding sites to cooperatively employ behavioral and physiological trait responses to mediate UV-B damage. We performed a microhabitat survey to examine differences in oviposition behavior and UV-B conditions among breeding populations at high- (n = 3; >1,500 m) and low-elevation (n = 3; <100 m) sites. We found significant differences in oviposition behavior across populations, with females at high-elevation sites selecting oviposition substrates in UV-B protected microhabitats. We also collected eggs (n = 633) from each of the breeding sites for analysis of photolyase activity, a photoreactivating enzyme that repairs UV-B damage to the DNA, using a photoproduct immunoassay. Our results revealed no significant differences in photolyase activity between long-toed salamander populations at high and low elevations. For high-elevation salamander populations, relatively low physiological repair capabilities in embryos appear to be buffered by extensive behavioral modifications to reduce UV-B exposure and standardize developmental temperatures. This study provides valuable insight into environmental stress responses via the assessment of multiple traits in allowing sensitive species to persist in rapidly changing landscapes.

%B Oecologia %V 175 %P 835-45 %8 2014 Jul %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1007/s00442-014-2957-z %0 Journal Article %J Integr Environ Assess Manag %D 2014 %T Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Risk assessment and management. %A Greenberg, Marc S %A Chapman, Peter M %A Allan, Ian J %A Kim A Anderson %A Apitz, Sabine E %A Beegan, Chris %A Bridges, Todd S %A Brown, Steve S %A Cargill, John G %A McCulloch, Megan C %A Menzie, Charles A %A Shine, James P %A Parkerton, Thomas F %X

This paper details how activity-based passive sampling methods (PSMs), which provide information on bioavailability in terms of freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree ), can be used to better inform risk management decision making at multiple points in the process of assessing and managing contaminated sediment sites. PSMs can increase certainty in site investigation and management, because Cfree is a better predictor of bioavailability than total bulk sediment concentration (Ctotal ) for 4 key endpoints included in conceptual site models (benthic organism toxicity, bioaccumulation, sediment flux, and water column exposures). The use of passive sampling devices (PSDs) presents challenges with respect to representative sampling for estimating average concentrations and other metrics relevant for exposure and risk assessment. These challenges can be addressed by designing studies that account for sources of variation associated with PSMs and considering appropriate spatial scales to meet study objectives. Possible applications of PSMs include: quantifying spatial and temporal trends in bioavailable contaminants, identifying and evaluating contaminant source contributions, calibrating site-specific models, and, improving weight-of-evidence based decision frameworks. PSM data can be used to assist in delineating sediment management zones based on likelihood of exposure effects, monitor remedy effectiveness, and, evaluate risk reduction after sediment treatment, disposal, or beneficial reuse after management actions. Examples are provided illustrating why PSMs and freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree ) should be incorporated into contaminated sediment investigations and study designs to better focus on and understand contaminant bioavailability, more accurately estimate exposure to sediment-associated contaminants, and better inform risk management decisions. Research and communication needs for encouraging broader use are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:224-236. © 2014 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

%B Integr Environ Assess Manag %V 10 %P 224-36 %8 04/2014 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343931?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/ieam.1511 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Schreyer Honors Scholar %A Christine C Ghetu %B The Pennsylvania State University %8 01/2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2013 %T Comparative developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant oxygenated PAHs. %A Knecht, Andrea L %A Goodale, Britton C %A Truong, Lisa %A Simonich, Michael T %A Swanson, Annika J %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Abnormalities, Drug-Induced %K Animals %K Biological Markers %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Environmental Pollutants %K Extracellular Space %K Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental %K Immunohistochemistry %K Mitochondria %K Oxidation-Reduction %K Oxidative Stress %K Oxygen Consumption %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction %K RNA %K Teratogens %K Zebrafish %X

Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) are byproducts of combustion and photo-oxidation of parent PAHs. OPAHs are widely present in the environment and pose an unknown hazard to human health. The developing zebrafish was used to evaluate a structurally diverse set of 38 OPAHs for malformation induction, gene expression changes and mitochondrial function. Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 120h post fertilization (hpf) to a dilution series of 38 different OPAHs and evaluated for 22 developmental endpoints. AHR activation was determined via CYP1A immunohistochemistry. Phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PHEQ), 1,9-benz-10-anthrone (BEZO), xanthone (XAN), benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione (7,12-B[a]AQ), and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-ANTQ) were evaluated for transcriptional responses at 48hpf, prior to the onset of malformations. qRT-PCR was conducted for a number of oxidative stress genes, including the glutathione transferase(gst), glutathione peroxidase(gpx), and superoxide dismutase(sod) families. Bioenergetics was assayed to measure in vivo oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in 26hpf embryos exposed to OPAHs. Hierarchical clustering of the structure-activity outcomes indicated that the most toxic of the OPAHs contained adjacent diones on 6-carbon moieties or terminal, para-diones on multi-ring structures. 5-carbon moieties with adjacent diones were among the least toxic OPAHs while the toxicity of multi-ring structures with more centralized para-diones varied considerably. 9,10-PHEQ, BEZO, 7,12-B[a]AQ, and XAN exposures increased expression of several oxidative stress related genes and decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a measurement of mitochondrial respiration. Comprehensive in vivo characterization of 38 structurally diverse OPAHs indicated differential AHR dependency and a prominent role for oxidative stress in the toxicity mechanisms.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 271 %P 266-75 %8 11/2013 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684558?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.006 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Schreyer Honors Scholar %A Christine C Ghetu %B The Pennsylvania State University %8 01/2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2013 %T Structurally distinct polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce differential transcriptional responses in developing zebrafish. %A Goodale, Britton C %A Susan C Tilton %A Corvi, Margaret M %A Glenn R Wilson %A Janszen, Derek B %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Animals %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Structure-Activity Relationship %K Transcription, Genetic %K Zebrafish %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment as components of fossil fuels and by-products of combustion. These multi-ring chemicals differentially activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in a structurally dependent manner, and induce toxicity via both AHR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PAH exposure is known to induce developmental malformations in zebrafish embryos, and recent studies have shown cardiac toxicity induced by compounds with low AHR affinity. Unraveling the potentially diverse molecular mechanisms of PAH toxicity is essential for understanding the hazard posed by complex PAH mixtures present in the environment. We analyzed transcriptional responses to PAH exposure in zebrafish embryos exposed to benz(a)anthracene (BAA), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and pyrene (PYR) at concentrations that induced developmental malformations by 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Whole genome microarray analysis of mRNA expression at 24 and 48 hpf identified genes that were differentially regulated over time and in response to the three PAH structures. PAH body burdens were analyzed at both time points using GC-MS, and demonstrated differences in PAH uptake into the embryos. This was important for discerning dose-related differences from those that represented unique molecular mechanisms. While BAA misregulated the least number of transcripts, it caused strong induction of cyp1a and other genes known to be downstream of the AHR, which were not induced by the other two PAHs. Analysis of functional roles of misregulated genes and their predicted regulatory transcription factors also distinguished the BAA response from regulatory networks disrupted by DBT and PYR exposure. These results indicate that systems approaches can be used to classify the toxicity of PAHs based on the networks perturbed following exposure, and may provide a path for unraveling the toxicity of complex PAH mixtures.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 272 %P 656-70 %8 11/2013 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23656968?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.024 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2009 %T Trans-Pacific and regional atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides in biomass burning emissions to western North America. %A Genualdi, Susan A %A Killin, Robert K %A Woods, Jim %A Schmedding, David %A Staci M Simonich %K Air %K Air Pollutants %K Atmosphere %K Biomass %K Fires %K Motion %K North America %K Pacific Ocean %K Pesticides %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Satellite Communications %K Siberia %K Soil %K Trees %X

The trans-Pacific and regional North American atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides in biomass burning emissions was measured in air masses from April to September 2003 at two remote sites in western North America. Mary's Peak Observatory (MPO) is located in Oregon's Coast Range and Cheeka Peak Observatory (CPO) is located on the tip of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State. During this time period, both remote sites were influenced by PAH and pesticide emissions from forest fires in Siberia and regional fires in Oregon and Washington State. Concurrent samples were taken at both sites on June 2 and August 4, 2003. On these dates, CPO had elevated gas phase PAH, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, and retene concentrations (p < 0.05) and MPO had elevated retene, particulate phase PAH, and levoglucosan concentrations due to trans-Pacific transport of emissions from fires in Siberia. In addition, during the April to September 2003 sampling period, CPO and MPO were influenced by emissions from regional fires that resulted in elevated levoglucosan, dacthal, endosulfan, and gas phase PAH concentrations. Burned and unburned forest soil samples collected from the regional forest fire area showed that 34-100% of the pesticide mass was lost from soil due to burning. These data suggest that the trans-Pacific and regional atmospheric transport of biomass burning emissions results in elevated PAH and pesticide concentrations in western North America. The elevated pesticide concentrations are likely due to re-emission of historically deposited pesticides from the soil and vegetation during the fire event.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 43 %P 1061-6 %8 2009 Feb 15 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1021/es802163c %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2005 %T Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon. %A Villeneuve, Daniel L %A Curtis, Lawrence R %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Warner, Kara E %A Tilton, Fred %A Kent, Michael L %A Watral, Virginia G %A Cunningham, Michael E %A Markle, Douglas F %A D Sethajintanin %A Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Grove, Robert %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Benzofurans %K Bone and Bones %K Dioxins %K Female %K Fishes %K History, Ancient %K Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated %K Metals, Heavy %K Oocytes %K Oregon %K Organophosphorus Compounds %K Ovary %K Pesticides %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Rivers %K Trematoda %K Trematode Infections %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

The Willamette River, one of 14 American Heritage Rivers, flows through the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of Oregon. Previous biological monitoring of the Willamette River detected elevated frequencies of skeletal deformities in fish from certain areas of the lower (Newberg pool [NP], rivermile [RM] 26 - 55) and middle (Wheatland Ferry [WF], RM 72 - 74) river, relative to those in the upper river (Corvallis [CV], RM 125-138). The objective of this study was to determine the likely cause of these skeletal deformities. In 2002 and 2003, deformity loads in Willamette River fishes were 2-3 times greater at the NP and WF locations than at the CV location. There were some differences in water quality parameters between the NP and CV sites, but they did not readily explain the difference in deformity loads. Concentrations of bioavailable metals were below detection limits (0.6 - 1 microg/ L). Concentrations of bioavailable polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally below 0.25 ng/L. Concentrations of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generally less than 5 ng/L. Concentrations of most persistent organic pollutants were below detection limits in ovary/oocyte tissue samples and sediments, and those that were detected were not significantly different among sites. Bioassay of Willamette River water extracts provided no evidence that unidentified compounds or the complex mixture of compounds present in the extracts could induce skeletal deformities in cyprinid fish. However, metacercariae of a digenean trematode were directly associated with a large percentage of deformities detected in two Willamette River fishes, and similar deformities were reproduced in laboratoryfathead minnows exposed to cercariae extracted from Willamette River snails. Thus, the weight of evidence suggests that parasitic infection, not chemical contaminants, was the primary cause of skeletal deformities observed in Willamette River fish.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 39 %P 3495-506 %8 05/2005 %G eng %N 10 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15954223?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Plant J %D 2004 %T Arabidopsis thaliana AtPOLK encodes a DinB-like DNA polymerase that extends mispaired primer termini and is highly expressed in a variety of tissues. %A García-Ortiz, Maria Victoria %A Ariza, Rafael R %A Peter D Hoffman %A John B Hays %A Roldán-Arjona, Teresa %K Alternative Splicing %K Amino Acid Sequence %K Arabidopsis %K Arabidopsis Proteins %K DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase %K Gene Expression %K Gene Library %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Phylogeny %K Plants, Genetically Modified %K Recombinant Fusion Proteins %K Sequence Homology, Amino Acid %X

Cell survival after DNA damage depends on specialized DNA polymerases able to perform DNA synthesis on imperfect templates. Most of these enzymes belong to the recently discovered Y-family of DNA polymerases, none of which has been previously described in plants. We report here the isolation, functional characterization and expression analysis of a plant representative of the Y-family. This polymerase, which we have termed AtPolkappa, is a homolog of Escherichia coli pol IV and human pol kappa, and thus belongs to the DinB subfamily. We purified AtPolkappa and found a template-directed DNA polymerase, endowed with limited processivity that is able to extend primer-terminal mispairs. The activity and processivity of AtPolkappa are enhanced markedly upon deletion of 193 amino acids (aa) from its carboxy (C)-terminal domain. Loss of this region also affects the nucleotide selectivity of the enzyme, leading to the incorporation of both dCTP and dTTP opposite A in the template. We detected three cDNA forms, which result from the alternative splicing of AtPOLK mRNA and have distinct patterns of expression in different plant organs. Histochemical localization of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic plants revealed that the AtPOLK promoter is active in endoreduplicating cells, suggesting a possible role during consecutive DNA replication cycles in the absence of mitosis.

%B Plant J %V 39 %P 84-97 %8 2004 Jul %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02112.x