%0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2016 %T Passive samplers accurately predict PAH levels in resident crayfish. %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %X

Contamination of resident aquatic organisms is a major concern for environmental risk assessors. However, collecting organisms to estimate risk is often prohibitively time and resource-intensive. Passive sampling accurately estimates resident organism contamination, and it saves time and resources. This study used low density polyethylene (LDPE) passive water samplers to predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Resident crayfish were collected at 5 sites within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite (PHSM) in the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon. LDPE deployment was spatially and temporally paired with crayfish collection. Crayfish visceral and tail tissue, as well as water-deployed LDPE, were extracted and analyzed for 62 PAHs using GC-MS/MS. Freely-dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of PAHs in water were calculated from concentrations in LDPE. Carcinogenic risks were estimated for all crayfish tissues, using benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations (BaPeq). ∑PAH were 5-20 times higher in viscera than in tails, and ∑BaPeq were 6-70 times higher in viscera than in tails. Eating only tail tissue of crayfish would therefore significantly reduce carcinogenic risk compared to also eating viscera. Additionally, PAH levels in crayfish were compared to levels in crayfish collected 10years earlier. PAH levels in crayfish were higher upriver of the PHSM and unchanged within the PHSM after the 10-year period. Finally, a linear regression model predicted levels of 34 PAHs in crayfish viscera with an associated R-squared value of 0.52 (and a correlation coefficient of 0.72), using only the Cfree PAHs in water. On average, the model predicted PAH concentrations in crayfish tissue within a factor of 2.4±1.8 of measured concentrations. This affirms that passive water sampling accurately estimates PAH contamination in crayfish. Furthermore, the strong predictive ability of this simple model suggests that it could be easily adapted to predict contamination in other shellfish of concern.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 544 %P 782-791 %8 02/2016 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.142 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Predicting PAH contamination in resident shellfish %A LB Paulik %A Smith BW %A Bergmann AJ %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A Teeguarden JG %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program External Advisory Council Meeting. Corvallis, Oregon %8 6/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Passive water sampling predicts PAH contamination in signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Predicting PAH Contamination in Resident Shellfish %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program’s Environmental Health Science Trainee Colloquium. Corvallis, OR %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci %D 2014 %T Passive sampling devices enable capacity building and characterization of bioavailable pesticide along the Niger, Senegal and Bani Rivers of Africa. %A Kim A Anderson %A Seck, Dogo %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Traore, Anna Ndiaye %A McCartney, Melissa A %A Ndaye, Adama %A Norman D Forsberg %A Gregory J Sower %X

It is difficult to assess pollution in remote areas of less-developed regions owing to the limited availability of energy, equipment, technology, trained personnel and other key resources. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) are technologically simple analytical tools that sequester and concentrate bioavailable organic contaminants from the environment. Scientists from Oregon State University and the Centre Régional de Recherches en Ecotoxicologie et de Sécurité Environnementale (CERES) in Senegal developed a partnership to build capacity at CERES and to develop a pesticide-monitoring project using PSDs. This engagement resulted in the development of a dynamic training process applicable to capacity-building programmes. The project culminated in a field and laboratory study where paired PSD samples were simultaneously analysed in African and US laboratories with quality control evaluation and traceability. The joint study included sampling from 63 sites across six western African countries, generating a 9000 data point pesticide database with virtual access to all study participants.

%B Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci %V 369 %P 20130110 %8 04/2014 %G eng %N 1639 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24535398?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1098/rstb.2013.0110 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Passive Sampling Devices Enable Capacity Building and Characterization of Bioavailable Mixtures along the Niger, Senegal and Bani Rivers of Africa %A Kim A Anderson %A Seck, Dogo %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Traore, AN %A McCartney, Melissa A %A Ndaye, A %A Norman D Forsberg %A Gregory J Sower %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Predicting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in resident aquatic organisms using passive samplers and partial least-squares calibration. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Brian W Smith %A Gregory J Sower %A Kim A Anderson %X

The current work sought to develop predictive models between time-weighted average polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in the freely dissolved phase and those present in resident aquatic organisms. We deployed semipermeable membrane passive sampling devices (SPMDs) and collected resident crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) at nine locations within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Mega-site in Portland, OR. Study results show that crayfish and aqueous phase samples collected within the Mega-site had PAH profiles enriched in high molecular weight PAHs and that freely dissolved PAH profiles tended to be more populated by low molecular weight PAHs compared to crayfish tissues. Results also show that of several modeling approaches, a two-factor partial least-squares (PLS) calibration model using detection limit substitution provided the best predictive power for estimating PAH concentrations in crayfish, where the model explained ≥72% of the variation in the data set and provided predictions within ∼3× of measured values. Importantly, PLS calibration provided a means to estimate PAH concentrations in tissues when concentrations were below detection in the freely dissolved phase. The impact of measurements below detection limits is discussed.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 48 %P 6291-9 %8 6/2014 %G eng %N 11 %R 10.1021/es5000534