%0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2017 %T Diffusive flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air interfaces at urban superfund sites. %A D James Minick %A Kim A Anderson %K Air %K Cities %K Geologic Sediments %K Hazardous Waste Sites %K Oregon %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Rivers %K Water %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Superfund sites may be a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the surrounding environment. These sites can also act as PAH sinks from present-day anthropogenic activities, especially in urban locations. Understanding PAH transport across environmental compartments helps to define the relative contributions of these sources and is therefore important for informing remedial and management decisions. In the present study, paired passive samplers were co-deployed at sediment-water and water-air interfaces within the Portland Harbor Superfund Site and the McCormick and Baxter Superfund Site. These sites, located along the Willamette River (Portland, OR, USA), have PAH contamination from both legacy and modern sources. Diffusive flux calculations indicate that the Willamette River acts predominantly as a sink for low molecular weight PAHs from both the sediment and the air. The sediment was also predominantly a source of 4- and 5-ring PAHs to the river, and the river was a source of these same PAHs to the air, indicating that legacy pollution may be contributing to PAH exposure for residents of the Portland urban center. At the remediated McCormick and Baxter Superfund Site, flux measurements highlight locations within the sand and rock sediment cap where contaminant breakthrough is occurring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2281-2289. © 2017 SETAC.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %V 36 %P 2281-2289 %8 2017 09 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1002/etc.3785 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2005 %T Trace analysis of semivolatile organic compounds in large volume samples of snow, lake water, and groundwater. %A Usenko, Sascha %A Hageman, Kimberly J %A Schmedding, Dave W %A Staci M Simonich %K Chemistry Techniques, Analytical %K Environmental Monitoring %K Organic Chemicals %K Pesticides %K Snow %K Soil Pollutants %K Solubility %K Volatilization %K Water %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

An analytical method was developed for the trace analysis of a wide range of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in 50-L high-elevation snow and lake water samples. The method was validated for 75 SOCs from seven different chemical classes (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, amides, triazines, polychlorinated biphenyls, thiocarbamates, and phosphorothioates) that covered a wide range of physical-chemical properties including 7 orders of magnitude of octanol-water partition coefficient (log K(ow) = 1.4-8.3). The SOCs were extracted using a hydrophobically and hydrophilically modified divinylbenzene solid-phase extraction device (modified Speedisk). The average analyte recovery from 50 L of reverse osmosis water, using the modified Speedisk, was 99% with an average relative standard deviation of 4.8%. Snow samples were collected from the field, melted, and extracted using the modified Speedisk and a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) remote sample adapter in the laboratory. Lake water was sampled, filtered, and extracted in situ using an Infiltrex 100 fitted with a 1-microm glass fiber filter to trap particulate matter and the modified Speedisk to trap dissolved SOCs. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization and electron capture negative ionization using isotope dilution and selective ion monitoring. Estimated method detection limits for snow and lake water ranged from 0.2 to 125 pg/L and 0.5-400 pg/L, respectively. U.S. historic and current-use pesticides were identified and quantified in snow and lake water samples collected from Rocky Mountain National Park, CO. The application of the analytical method to the analysis of SOCs in large-volume groundwater samples is also shown.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 39 %P 6006-15 %8 2005 Aug 15 %G eng %N 16 %R 10.1021/es0506511 %0 Journal Article %J J AOAC Int %D 2003 %T Determination of pyrethrin and pyrethroid pesticides in urine and water matrixes by liquid chromatography with diode array detection. %A Loper, Bobby R %A Kim A Anderson %K Calibration %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Humans %K Indicators and Reagents %K Insecticides %K Pyrethrins %K Reference Standards %K Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization %K Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet %K Water %X

The following pyrethrin and pyrethroid pesticides were determined in urine and water matrixes by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC-DAD): pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, tetramethrin, baythroid, bifenthrin, fenvalerate, phenothrin, allethrin, resmethrin, cis-permethrin, and trans-permethrin. In addition, 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, a metabolite of various pyrethroids, was also successfully determined by the analytical method. The matrix extraction was simple, inexpensive, and fast, using only sodium chloride and acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract was filtered and analyzed by LC-DAD. The method detection limits for the pyrethrin pesticides in 5 mL urine were determined to range from 0.002 to 0.04 microg/mL, depending on the individual pyrethrin. Recoveries from spiked tap water ranged from 77 to 96%; recoveries from urine ranged from 80 to 117%. This method is especially well-suited to clinical investigations, in which rapid analysis of forensic samples is often required.

%B J AOAC Int %V 86 %P 1236-40 %8 11/2003 %G eng %N 6 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14979708?dopt=Abstract