%0 Journal Article %J Geohealth %D 2024 %T PM Is Insufficient to Explain Personal PAH Exposure. %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Miller, Rachel L %A Laurel D Kincl %A Julie Herbstman %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

To understand how chemical exposure can impact health, researchers need tools that capture the complexities of personal chemical exposure. In practice, fine particulate matter (PM) air quality index (AQI) data from outdoor stationary monitors and Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke density data from satellites are often used as proxies for personal chemical exposure, but do not capture total chemical exposure. Silicone wristbands can quantify more individualized exposure data than stationary air monitors or smoke satellites. However, it is not understood how these proxy measurements compare to chemical data measured from wristbands. In this study, participants wore daily wristbands, carried a phone that recorded locations, and answered daily questionnaires for a 7-day period in multiple seasons. We gathered publicly available daily PM AQI data and HMS data. We analyzed wristbands for 94 organic chemicals, including 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Wristband chemical detections and concentrations, behavioral variables (e.g., time spent indoors), and environmental conditions (e.g., PM AQI) significantly differed between seasons. Machine learning models were fit to predict personal chemical exposure using PM AQI only, HMS only, and a multivariate feature set including PM AQI, HMS, and other environmental and behavioral information. On average, the multivariate models increased predictive accuracy by approximately 70% compared to either the AQI model or the HMS model for all chemicals modeled. This study provides evidence that PM AQI data alone or HMS data alone is insufficient to explain personal chemical exposures. Our results identify additional key predictors of personal chemical exposure.

%B Geohealth %V 8 %P e2023GH000937 %8 2024 Feb %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1029/2023GH000937 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2024 %T Predicting personal PAH exposure using high dimensional questionnaire and wristband data. %A McLarnan, Sarah M %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Cavalier, Haleigh M %A Diana Rohlman %A Miller, Rachel L %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %A Julie Herbstman %X

BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of pervasive environmental pollutants with a variety of known health effects. While significant work has been completed to estimate personal exposure to PAHs, less has been done to identify sources of these exposures. Comprehensive characterization of reported sources of personal PAH exposure is a critical step to more easily identify individuals at risk of high levels of exposure and for developing targeted interventions based on source of exposure.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we leverage data from a New York (NY)-based birth cohort to identify personal characteristics or behaviors associated with personal PAH exposure and develop models for the prediction of PAH exposure.

METHODS: We quantified 61 PAHs measured using silicone wristband samplers in association with 75 questionnaire variables from 177 pregnant individuals. We evaluated univariate associations between each compound and questionnaire variable, conducted regression tree analysis for each PAH compound and completed a principal component analysis of for each participant's entire PAH exposure profile to determine the predictors of PAH levels.

RESULTS: Regression tree analyses of individual compounds and exposure mixture identified income, time spent outdoors, maternal age, country of birth, transportation type, and season as the variables most frequently predictive of exposure.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2024 Jan 05 %G eng %R 10.1038/s41370-023-00617-y %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2023 %T Diffusive fluxes of persistent organic pollutants between Arctic atmosphere, surface waters and sediments. %A Ian L Moran %A Lane G Tidwell %A Michael L Barton %A Molly Kile %A Miller, Pamela %A Diana Rohlman %A Seguinot-Medina, Samarys %A Ungwiluk, Bobby %A Waghiyi, Vi %A Kim A Anderson %X

Arctic communities are disproportionately exposed to pollutants from sources including global atmospheric transport and formerly used defense sites (FUDS). The effects of climate change and increasing development in the Arctic have the potential to exacerbate this problem. Yupik People of Sivuqaq, or St Lawrence Island, Alaska are one such community with documented exposures to pollutants from FUDS, and their traditional lipid-rich foods such as blubber and rendered oils of marine mammals. Troutman Lake, adjacent to the Yupik community of Gambell, Alaska, was used as a disposal site during the decommission of the adjacent FUDS, leading to community concern about exposure to military pollution and intrusion from historic local dump sites. In collaboration with a local community group, this study utilized passive sampling devices deployed in Troutman Lake. Air, water and sediment deployed samplers were analyzed for unsubstituted and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), brominated and organophosphate flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PAH concentrations were low and comparable to other remote/rural locations. PAHs were generally in deposition from the overlying atmosphere into Troutman Lake. Of the flame retardants, brominated diphenyl ether-47 was detected in all surface water samplers while triphenyl phosphate was detected in all environmental compartments. Both were at concentrations equivalent or lower than other remote locations. Of particular interest, we measured higher atmospheric concentrations of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (0.75-2.8 ng/m) than previously reported in the literature for remote Arctic sites (<0.017-0.56 ng/m). TCEP was found to be in deposition to Troutman Lake at magnitudes from 290 to 1300 ng/m/day. No PCBs were detected in this study. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of both modern and legacy chemicals from local and global sources. These results help us to understand the fate of anthropogenic contaminants in dynamic Arctic systems providing valuable data for communities, policy makers and scientists.

%B Sci Total Environ %P 164566 %8 2023 Jun 01 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164566 %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Environmental and Genetic Insights into Carcinogenesis: An Approach using Passive Sampling and CHIP Analysis in the Companion Dog %A Karlsson, EK %B 2023 Cancer Biology Program Research Retreat %8 10/2023 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %D 2023 %T Environmental and Genetic Insights into Carcinogenesis: An Approach using Passive Sampling and CHIP Analysis in the Companion Dog %A Christopher Husted %A Kate Megquier %A Adam Harris %A Diane P. Genereux %A Kim A Anderson %A Alexander Bick %A Frances Chen %A Elinor Karlsson %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Heliyon %D 2023 %T Neuroanatomical differences in Latinx children from rural farmworker families and urban non-farmworker families and related associations with pesticide exposure. %A Khodaei, Mohammadreza %A Dobbins, Dorothy L %A Paul J Laurienti %A Simpson, Sean L %A Thomas A Arcury %A Sara A Quandt %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Jonathan H Burdette %X

Exposure to pesticides in humans may lead to changes in brain structure and function and increase the likelihood of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite the potential risks, there is limited neuroimaging research on the effects of pesticide exposure on children, particularly during the critical period of brain development. Here we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from magnetic resonance images (MRI) to investigate neuroanatomical differences between Latinx children (n = 71) from rural, farmworker families (FW; n = 48) and urban, non-farmworker families (NFW; n = 23). Data presented here serves as a baseline for our ongoing study examining the longitudinal effects of living in a rural environment on neurodevelopment and cognition in children. The VBM analysis revealed that NFW children had higher volume in several distinct regions of white matter compared to FW children. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of DTI data also indicated NFW children had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in several key white matter tracts. Although the difference was not as pronounced as white matter, the VBM analysis also found higher gray matter volume in selected regions of the frontal lobe in NFW children. Notably, white matter and gray matter findings demonstrated a high degree of overlap in the medial frontal lobe, a brain region predominantly linked to decision-making, error processing, and attention functions. To gain further insights into the underlying causes of the observed differences in brain structure between the two groups, we examined the association of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) exposure collected from passive dosimeter wristbands with brain structure. Based on our previous findings within this data set, demonstrating higher OC exposure in children from non-farmworker families, we hypothesized OC might play a critical role in structural differences between NFW and FW children. We discovered a significant positive correlation between the number of types of OC exposure and the structure of white matter. The regions with significant association with OC exposure were in agreement with the findings from the FW-NFW groups comparison analysis. In contrast, OPs did not have a statistically significant association with brain structure. This study is among the first multimodal neuroimaging studies examining the brain structure of children exposed to agricultural pesticides, specifically OC. These findings suggest OC pesticide exposure may disrupt normal brain development in children, highlighting the need for further neuroimaging studies within this vulnerable population.

%B Heliyon %V 9 %P e21929 %8 2023 Nov %G eng %N 11 %R 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21929 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Phthalates and Phthalate Alternatives Analysis Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry With Demonstration using Silicone Passive Samplers and Real-World Samples %A Kaley A Adams %E Caoilinn Haggerty %Y Richard P Scott %Y Steven G O'Connell %B SETAC North America 2023 %8 10/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Int J Hyg Environ Health %D 2023 %T Silicone passive sampling used to identify novel dermal chemical exposures of firefighters and assess PPE innovations. %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Kerber, Steve %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %K Air Pollutants, Occupational %K Firefighters %K Humans %K Occupational Exposure %K Personal Protective Equipment %K Pilot Projects %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Silicones %X

A plethora of chemicals are released into the air during combustion events, including a class of compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs have been implicated in increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, both of which are disease endpoints of concern in structural firefighters. Current commercially available personal protective equipment (PPE) typically worn by structural firefighters during fire responses have gaps in interfaces between the ensemble elements (e.g., hood and jacket) that allow for ingress of contaminants and dermal exposure. This pilot study aims to use silicone passive sampling to assess improvements in dermal protection afforded by a novel configuration of PPE, which incorporates a one-piece liner to eliminate gaps in two critical interfaces between pieces of gear. The study compared protection against parent and alkylated PAHs between the one-piece liner PPE and the standard configuration of PPE with traditional firefighting jacket and pants. Mannequins (n = 16) dressed in the PPE ensembles were placed in a Fireground Exposure Simulator for 10 min, and exposed to smoke from a combusting couch. Silicone passive samplers were placed underneath PPE at vulnerable locations near interfaces in standard PPE, and in the chamber air, to measure PAHs and calculate the dermal protection provided by both types of PPE. Silicone passive sampling methodology and analyses using gas chromatography with mass-spectrometry proved to be well-suited for this intervention study, allowing for the calculation and comparison of worker protection factors for 51 detected PAHs. Paired comparisons of the two PPE configurations found greater sum 2-3 ring PAH exposure underneath the standard PPE than the intervention PPE at the neck and chest, and at the chest for 4-7 ring PAHs (respective p-values: 0.00113, 0.0145, and 0.0196). Mean worker protection factors of the intervention PPE were also greater than the standard PPE for 98% of PAHs at the neck and chest. Notably, the intervention PPE showed more than 30 times the protection compared to the standard PPE against two highly carcinogenic PAHs, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and benzo[c]fluorene. Nine of the detected PAHs in this study have not been previously reported in fireground exposure studies, and 26 other chemicals (not PAHs) were detected using a large chemical screening method on a subset of the silicone samplers. Silicone passive sampling appears to be an effective means for measuring dermal exposure reduction to fireground smoke, providing evidence in this study that reducing gaps in PPE interfaces could be further pursued as an intervention to reduce dermal exposure to PAHs, among other chemicals.

%B Int J Hyg Environ Health %V 248 %P 114095 %8 2023 Mar %G eng %R 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114095 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Spatial and Cancer-Related Variation in Chemical Exposures Among Domestic Dogs %A Christopher Husted %A Brittney Logan %A Kate Megquier %A Dane Genereux %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Frances Chen %A Elinor Karlsson %B UMASS Retreat, UMASS Cancer Retreat %8 10/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2022 %T Chemical exposures assessed via silicone wristbands and endogenous plasma metabolomics during pregnancy. %A Brett T Doherty %A McRitchie, Susan L %A Pathmasiri, Wimal W %A Stewart, Delisha A %A Kirchner, David %A Kim A Anderson %A Gui, Jiang %A Madan, Juliette C %A Hoen, Anne G %A Sumner, Susan J %A Margaret R Karagas %A Megan E Romano %K Cohort Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Metabolome %K Metabolomics %K Pregnancy %K Prospective Studies %K Silicones %X

BACKGROUND: Metabolomics is a promising method to investigate physiological effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy, with the potential to clarify toxicological mechanisms, suggest sensitive endpoints, and identify novel biomarkers of exposures.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the influence of chemical exposures on the maternal plasma metabolome during pregnancy.

METHODS: Data were obtained from participants (n = 177) in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. Chemical exposures were assessed via silicone wristbands worn for one week at ~13 gestational weeks. Metabolomic features were assessed in plasma samples obtained at ~24-28 gestational weeks via the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Associations between chemical exposures and plasma metabolomics were investigated using multivariate modeling.

RESULTS: Chemical exposures predicted 11 (of 226) and 23 (of 125) metabolomic features in Biocrates and NMR, respectively. The joint chemical exposures did not significantly predict pathway enrichment, though some individual chemicals were associated with certain amino acids and related metabolic pathways. For example, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide was associated with the amino acids glycine, L-glutamic acid, L-asparagine, and L-aspartic acid and enrichment of the ammonia recycling pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE: This study contributes evidence to the potential effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy upon the endogenous maternal plasma metabolome.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %V 32 %P 259-267 %8 2022 Mar %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1038/s41370-021-00394-6 %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2022 %T A Comparative Multi-System Approach to Characterizing Bioactivity of Commonly Occurring Chemicals. %A Rivera, Brianna N %A Lindsay B Wilson %A Kim, Doo Nam %A Pande, Paritosh %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Animals %K Flame Retardants %K Organic Chemicals %K Pesticides %K Retrospective Studies %K Zebrafish %X

A 2019 retrospective study analyzed wristband personal samplers from fourteen different communities across three different continents for over 1530 organic chemicals. Investigators identified fourteen chemicals (G14) detected in over 50% of personal samplers. The G14 represent a group of chemicals that individuals are commonly exposed to, and are mainly associated with consumer products including plasticizers, fragrances, flame retardants, and pesticides. The high frequency of exposure to these chemicals raises questions of their potential adverse human health effects. Additionally, the possibility of exposure to mixtures of these chemicals is likely due to their co-occurrence; thus, the potential for mixtures to induce differential bioactivity warrants further investigation. This study describes a novel approach to broadly evaluate the hazards of personal chemical exposures by coupling data from personal sampling devices with high-throughput bioactivity screenings using in vitro and non-mammalian in vivo models. To account for species and sensitivity differences, screening was conducted using primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and early life-stage zebrafish. Mixtures of the G14 and most potent G14 chemicals were created to assess potential mixture effects. Chemical bioactivity was dependent on the model system, with five and eleven chemicals deemed bioactive in NHBE and zebrafish, respectively, supporting the use of a multi-system approach for bioactivity testing and highlighting sensitivity differences between the models. In both NHBE and zebrafish, mixture effects were observed when screening mixtures of the most potent chemicals. Observations of BMC-based mixtures in NHBE (NHBE BMC Mix) and zebrafish (ZF BMC Mix) suggested antagonistic effects. In this study, consumer product-related chemicals were prioritized for bioactivity screening using personal exposure data. High-throughput high-content screening was utilized to assess the chemical bioactivity and mixture effects of the most potent chemicals.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 19 %8 2022 03 23 %G eng %N 7 %R 10.3390/ijerph19073829 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Comparing Structural Firefighters On and Off Duty Exposure to Xylenes %A Zachary W. Kowash %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X
a group of three isomeric volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) can come from many sources, from
petroleum and combustion, to cleaning agents and
plastics1. Chronic and acute exposure to xylenes through
multiple exposure routes has been linked to an assortment
of adverse health effects2,3,4,5,6,7,8. With a high number of
VOCs being released from structural fires, firefighters
could potentially face an occupational risk in responding to
fires due to potential acute and chronic exposure effects9.
Characterizing xylenes exposure in structural firefighters
can provide a greater understanding into the
occupational risk that xylenes pose to those who could be
exposed at a higher frequency.
%B College of Agriculture Career Fair & Student Showcase %8 10/2022 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Evaluating PAH Dermal Exposure and Turnout Gear Efficacy Using Silicone Passive Sampling %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B 35th SRP Annual Meeting %C Raleigh, NC %8 12/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2022 %T Evaluating predictive relationships between wristbands and urine for assessment of personal PAH exposure. %A Holly Dixon %A Lisa M Bramer %A Richard P Scott %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Cavalier, Haleigh M %A Diana Rohlman %A Miller, Rachel L %A Antonia M Calafat %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %X

During events like the COVID-19 pandemic or a disaster, researchers may need to switch from collecting biological samples to personal exposure samplers that are easy and safe to transport and wear, such as silicone wristbands. Previous studies have demonstrated significant correlations between urine biomarker concentrations and chemical levels in wristbands. We build upon those studies and use a novel combination of descriptive statistics and supervised statistical learning to evaluate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone wristbands and hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in urine. In New York City, 109 participants in a longitudinal birth cohort wore one wristband for 48 h and provided a spot urine sample at the end of the 48-hour period during their third trimester of pregnancy. We compared four PAHs with the corresponding seven OH-PAHs using descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and a linear discriminant analysis model. Five of the seven PAH and OH-PAH pairs had significant correlations (Pearson's r = 0.35-0.64, p ≤ 0.003) and significant chi-square tests of independence for exposure categories (p ≤ 0.009). For these five comparisons, the observed PAH or OH-PAH concentration could predict the other concentration within a factor of 1.47 for 50-80% of the measurements (depending on the pair). Prediction accuracies for high exposure categories were at least 1.5 times higher compared to accuracies based on random chance. These results demonstrate that wristbands and urine provide similar PAH exposure assessment information, which is critical for environmental health researchers looking for the flexibility to switch between biological sample and wristband collection.

%B Environ Int %V 163 %P 107226 %8 2022 Apr 04 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107226 %0 Generic %D 2022 %T Firefighter Dermal Exposure Assessment with Silicone Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SOT San Diego %8 03/2022 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2022 %T Firefighter Dermal Exposure to PAHs Assessed with Silicone Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B 43rd SETAC North America %C Pittsburg, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J PLoS One %D 2022 %T Impact of acute temperature and air pollution exposures on adult lung function: A panel study of asthmatics. %A Evoy, Richard %A Laurel D Kincl %A Diana Rohlman %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Hystad, Perry %A Bae, Harold %A Michael L Barton %A Phillips, Aaron %A Miller, Rachel L %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %K Adult %K Air Pollution %K Asthma %K Bronchodilator Agents %K Environmental Exposure %K Humans %K Lung %K Temperature %X

BACKGROUND: Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma, are particularly susceptible to adverse health effects associated with higher levels of ambient air pollution and temperature. This study evaluates whether hourly levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and dry bulb globe temperature (DBGT) are associated with the lung function of adult participants with asthma.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: Global positioning system (GPS) location, respiratory function (measured as forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1)), and self-reports of asthma medication usage and symptoms were collected as part of the Exposure, Location, and Lung Function (ELF) study. Hourly ambient PM2.5 and DBGT exposures were estimated by integrating air quality and temperature public records with time-activity patterns using GPS coordinates for each participant (n = 35). The relationships between acute PM2.5, DBGT, rescue bronchodilator use, and lung function collected in one week periods and over two seasons (summer/winter) were analyzed by multivariate regression, using different exposure time frames. In separate models, increasing levels in PM2.5, but not DBGT, were associated with rescue bronchodilator use. Conversely DBGT, but not PM2.5, had a significant association with FEV1. When DBGT and PM2.5 exposures were placed in the same model, the strongest association between cumulative PM2.5 exposures and the use of rescue bronchodilator was identified at the 0-24 hours (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.012-1.049; p-value = 0.001) and 0-48 hours (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.013-1.057; p-value = 0.001) prior to lung function measure. Conversely, DBGT exposure at 0 hours (β = 3.257; SE = 0.879; p-value>0.001) and 0-6 hours (β = 2.885; SE = 0.903; p-value = 0.001) hours before a reading were associated with FEV1. No significant interactions between DBGT and PM2.5 were observed for rescue bronchodilator use or FEV1.

CONCLUSIONS: Short-term increases in PM2.5 were associated with increased rescue bronchodilator use, while DBGT was associated with higher lung function (i.e. FEV1). Further studies are needed to continue to elucidate the mechanisms of acute exposure to PM2.5 and DBGT on lung function in asthmatics.

%B PLoS One %V 17 %P e0270412 %8 2022 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0270412 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2022 %T Inter-method reliability of silicone exposome wristbands and urinary biomarker assays in a pregnancy cohort. %A Megan E Romano %A Gallagher, Lisa %A Brett T Doherty %A Yeum, Dabin %A Lee, Sunmi %A Takazawa, Mari %A Kim A Anderson %A Kannan, Kurunthachalam %A Margaret R Karagas %X

Silicone wristbands act as passive environmental samplers capable of detecting and measuring concentrations of a variety of chemicals. They offer a noninvasive method to collect complex exposure data in large-scale epidemiological studies. We evaluated the inter-method reliability of silicone wristbands and urinary biomarkers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. A subset of study participants (n = 96) provided a urine sample and wore a silicone wristband for 7 days at approximately 12 gestational weeks. Women were instructed to wear the wristbands during all their normal activities. Concentrations of urinary compounds and metabolites in the urine and parent compounds in wristbands were compared. High detection rates were observed for triphenyl phosphate (76.0%) and benzophenone (78.1%) in wristbands, although the distribution of corresponding urinary concentrations of chemicals did not differ according to whether chemicals were detected or not detected in wristbands. While detected among only 8.3% of wristbands, median urinary triclosan concentrations were higher among those with triclosan detected in wristbands (9.04 ng/mL) than without (0.16 ng/mL). For most chemicals slight to fair agreement was observed across exposure assessment methods, potentially due to low rates of detection in the wristbands for chemicals where observed urinary concentrations were relatively low as compared to background concentrations in the general population. Our findings support the growing body of research in support of deploying silicone wristbands as an important exposure assessment tool.

%B Environ Res %V 214 %P 113981 %8 2022 Nov %G eng %N Pt 3 %R 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113981 %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Role of Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mixture Toxicity from a Legacy Creosote Site %A Ian L Moran %A Tanguay RL %A Waters KM %A Anderson KA %B Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Departmental Seminar %8 04/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Front Public Health %D 2020 %T Assessment of Multipollutant Exposures During Pregnancy Using Silicone Wristbands. %A Brett T Doherty %A Pearce, John L %A Kim A Anderson %A Margaret R Karagas %A Megan E Romano %K Cohort Studies %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Humans %K New Hampshire %K Pregnancy %K Prospective Studies %K Silicones %X

Silicone wristbands can assess multipollutant exposures in a non-invasive and minimally burdensome manner, which may be suitable for use among pregnant women. We investigated silicone wristbands as passive environmental samplers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. We used wristbands to assess exposure to a broad range of organic chemicals, identified multipollutant exposure profiles using self-organizing maps (SOMs), and assessed temporal consistency and determinants of exposures during pregnancy. Participants ( = 255) wore wristbands for 1 week at 12 gestational weeks. Of 1,530 chemicals assayed, 199 were detected in at least one wristband and 16 were detected in >60% of wristbands. A median of 23 (range: 12,37) chemicals were detected in each wristband, and chemicals in commerce and personal care products were most frequently detected. A subset of participants (=20) wore a second wristband at 24 gestational weeks, and concentrations of frequently detected chemicals were moderately correlated between time points (median intraclass correlation: 0.22; range: 0.00,0.69). Women with higher educational attainment had fewer chemicals detected in their wristbands and the total number of chemicals detected varied seasonally. Triphenyl phosphate concentrations were positively associated with nail polish use, and benzophenone concentrations were highest in summer. No clear associations were observed with other relations, including certain behaviors, season, and socioeconomic factors. SOM analyses revealed 12 profiles, ranging from 2 to 149 participants, captured multipollutant exposure profiles observed in this cohort. The most common profile ( = 149) indicated that 58% of participants experienced relatively low exposures to frequently detected chemicals. Less common ( ≥ 10) and rare ( < 10) profiles were characterized by low to moderate exposures to most chemicals and very high and/or very low exposure to a subset of chemicals. Certain covariates varied across SOM profile membership; for example, relative to women in the most common profile who had low exposures to most chemicals, women in the profile with elevated exposure to galaxolide and benzyl benzoate were younger, more likely to be single, and more likely to report nail polish use. Our study illustrates the utility of silicone wristbands for measurement of multipollutant exposures in sensitive populations, including pregnant women.

%B Front Public Health %V 8 %P 547239 %8 2020 %G eng %R 10.3389/fpubh.2020.547239 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Role of Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mixture Toxicity from a Legacy Creosote Site %A Ian L Moran %A Tanguay RL %A Waters KM %A Anderson KA %B SETAC North America %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Role of Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mixture Toxicity from a Legacy Creosote Site %A Ian L Moran %A Tanguay RL %A Waters KM %A Anderson KA %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 12/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Silicone Wristband Samplers Used to Evaluate Firefighter PPE Designs to Mitigate Fireground Chemical Exposures %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Stephen Kerber %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science, Remote %8 09/2020 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2019 %T A Case Study Describing a Community-Engaged Approach for Evaluating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in a Native American Community. %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Donatuto %A Heidt, Myk %A Michael L Barton %A Campbell, Larry %A Kim A Anderson %A Molly Kile %K Air Pollutants %K Air Pollution, Indoor %K Community Participation %K Community-Based Participatory Research %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Male %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Seasons %X

In 2015, the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) was impacted by an air toxic release from one of two nearby oil refineries. This experience motivated SITC members to learn more about their exposure to air toxics. On the invitation of SITC, this community-based study measured personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and conducted interviews with the volunteers to evaluate perceptions of the data and experience of participating. Non-smoking SITC members were recruited in March 2016 ( = 10) and January 2017 ( = 22) with seven volunteers participating both times. Volunteers wore a wristband passive sampler for 7 days and completed daily activity diaries. Wristbands were analyzed for 62 PAHs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon exact tests determined if the sum total PAHs (ΣPAH) differed by activity, proximity to the refineries, and time. Aggregated results were shared during community meetings, and volunteers received individual reports. Volunteers ( = 9) participated in individual interviews. All volunteers were exposed to different amounts and types of PAHs. Burning candles or using a wood stove and/or propane heating were associated with higher ΣPAH exposures. While ΣPAH was similar in both sampling periods, the composition of PAHs differed. More priority listed PAHs were detected in January ( = 17) versus March ( = 10). Among volunteers who participated in both sampling events, exposure to four PAHs significantly differed between seasons. Overall, volunteers reported that the study made them more aware of air pollution sources in their community. They also commented that the chemical nomenclature was difficult to understand, but appreciated the individual reports that allowed them to visually compare their data to the distribution of data collected in their community. For volunteers with lower exposures, these comparisons gave them relief. However, volunteers with higher exposures reported concern and several changed their behaviors to reduce their exposure to known PAH sources. This study provided an opportunity for SITC members to learn about their personal exposure to a class of air toxics within the context of their community. While the limitations of the study hindered the ability to identify sources of air toxics in the community, this activity appeared to raise awareness about ambient and indoor air pollution among the volunteers.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 16 %8 2019 01 24 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.3390/ijerph16030327 %0 Journal Article %J BMC Public Health %D 2019 %T Development of an environmental health tool linking chemical exposures, physical location and lung function. %A Diana Rohlman %A Holly Dixon %A Laurel D Kincl %A Larkin, Andrew %A Evoy, Richard %A Michael L Barton %A Phillips, Aaron %A Elena S Peterson %A Scaffidi, Christopher %A Julie Herbstman %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

BACKGROUND: A challenge in environmental health research is collecting robust data sets to facilitate comparisons between personal chemical exposures, the environment and health outcomes. To address this challenge, the Exposure, Location and lung Function (ELF) tool was designed in collaboration with communities that share environmental health concerns. These concerns centered on respiratory health and ambient air quality. The ELF collects exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), given their association with diminished lung function. Here, we describe the ELF as a novel environmental health assessment tool.

METHODS: The ELF tool collects chemical exposure for 62 PAHs using passive sampling silicone wristbands, geospatial location data and respiratory lung function measures using a paired hand-held spirometer. The ELF was tested by 10 individuals with mild to moderate asthma for 7 days. Participants wore a wristband each day to collect PAH exposure, carried a cell phone, and performed spirometry daily to collect respiratory health measures. Location data was gathered using the geospatial positioning system technology in an Android cell-phone.

RESULTS: We detected and quantified 31 PAHs across the study population. PAH exposure data showed spatial and temporal sensitivity within and between participants. Location data was used with existing datasets such as the Toxics Release Inventory and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazard Mapping System. Respiratory health outcomes were validated using criteria from the American Thoracic Society with 94% of participant data meeting standards. Finally, the ELF was used with a high degree of compliance (> 90%) by community members.

CONCLUSIONS: The ELF is a novel environmental health assessment tool that allows for personal data collection spanning chemical exposures, location and lung function measures as well as self-reported information.

%B BMC Public Health %V 19 %P 854 %8 2019 Jul 01 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12889-019-7217-z %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Alan J Bergmann %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, OR %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J R Soc Open Sci %D 2019 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands. %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Alan J Bergmann %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A Paulik, L Blair %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

To assess differences and trends in personal chemical exposure, volunteers from 14 communities in Africa (Senegal, South Africa), North America (United States (U.S.)) and South America (Peru) wore 262 silicone wristbands. We analysed wristband extracts for 1530 unique chemicals, resulting in 400 860 chemical data points. The number of chemical detections ranged from 4 to 43 per wristband, with 191 different chemicals detected, and 1339 chemicals were not detected in any wristband. No two wristbands had identical chemical detections. We detected 13 potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in over 50% of all wristbands and found 36 chemicals in common between chemicals detected in three geographical wristband groups (Africa, North America and South America). U.S. children (less than or equal to 11 years) had the highest percentage of flame retardant detections compared with all other participants. Wristbands worn in Texas post-Hurricane Harvey had the highest mean number of chemical detections (28) compared with other study locations (10-25). Consumer product-related chemicals and phthalates were a high percentage of chemical detections across all study locations (36-53% and 18-42%, respectively). Chemical exposures varied among individuals; however, many individuals were exposed to similar chemical mixtures. Our exploratory investigation uncovered personal chemical exposure trends that can help prioritize certain mixtures and chemical classes for future studies.

%B R Soc Open Sci %V 6 %P 181836 %8 02/2019 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1098/rsos.181836 %0 Journal Article %J Mar Pollut Bull %D 2019 %T A passive sampling model to predict PAHs in butter clams (Saxidomus giganteus), a traditional food source for Native American tribes of the Salish Sea Region. %A D James Minick %A Paulik, L Blair %A Richard P Scott %A Molly Kile %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Bivalvia %K Consumer Product Safety %K Environmental Monitoring %K Food Contamination %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Shellfish %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Native Americans face disproportionate exposures to environmental pollution through traditional subsistence practices including shellfish harvesting. In this study, the collection of butter clams (Saxidomus giganteus) was spatially and temporally paired with deployment of sediment pore water passive samplers at 20 locations in the Puget Sound region of the Salish Sea in the Pacific Northwest, USA, within adjudicated usual and accustomed tribal fishing grounds and stations. Clams and passive samplers were analyzed for 62 individual PAHs. A linear regression model was constructed to predict PAH concentrations in the edible fraction of butter clams from the freely dissolved fraction (C) in porewater. PAH concentrations can be predicted within a factor of 1.9 ± 0.2 on average from the freely dissolved PAH concentration in porewater using the following equation: PAHClam=4.1±0.1×PAHporewater This model offers a simplified, cost effective, and low impact approach to assess contaminant levels in butter clams which are an important traditional food.

%B Mar Pollut Bull %V 145 %P 28-35 %8 2019 Aug %G eng %R 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.020 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing chemical exposures across diverse communities using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Alan J Bergmann %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Smith BW %A Lane G Tidwell %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, Oregon %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing Chemical Exposures Across Diverse Communities Using Silicone Wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Bergmann AJ %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B Total Exposure Health Conference, Bethesda, MD %8 09/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Bergmann AJ %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Pollut %D 2018 %T Environmental and individual PAH exposures near rural natural gas extraction. %A Paulik, L Blair %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %K Air Pollutants %K Air Pollution %K Environmental Exposure %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Linear Models %K Natural Gas %K Oil and Gas Fields %K Petroleum %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Pyrenes %K Silicones %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

Natural gas extraction (NGE) has expanded rapidly in the United States in recent years. Despite concerns, there is little information about the effects of NGE on air quality or personal exposures of people living or working nearby. Recent research suggests NGE emits polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into air. This study used low-density polyethylene passive samplers to measure concentrations of PAHs in air near active (n = 3) and proposed (n = 2) NGE sites. At each site, two concentric rings of air samplers were placed around the active or proposed well pad location. Silicone wristbands were used to assess personal PAH exposures of participants (n = 19) living or working near the sampling sites. All samples were analyzed for 62 PAHs using GC-MS/MS, and point sources were estimated using the fluoranthene/pyrene isomer ratio. ∑PAH was significantly higher in air at active NGE sites (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.01). PAHs in air were also more petrogenic (petroleum-derived) at active NGE sites. This suggests that PAH mixtures at active NGE sites may have been affected by direct emissions from petroleum sources at these sites. ∑PAH was also significantly higher in wristbands from participants who had active NGE wells on their properties than from participants who did not (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.005). There was a significant positive correlation between ∑PAH in participants' wristbands and ∑PAH in air measured closest to participants' homes or workplaces (simple linear regression, p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that living or working near an active NGE well may increase personal PAH exposure. This work also supports the utility of the silicone wristband to assess personal PAH exposure.

%B Environ Pollut %V 241 %P 397-405 %8 2018 Oct %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.010 %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2018 %T Pharmacokinetics of [C]-Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in humans: Impact of Co-Administration of smoked salmon and BaP dietary restriction. %A Hummel, Jessica M %A Erin Madeen %A Siddens, Lisbeth K %A Sandra Uesugi %A McQuistan, Tammie %A Kim A Anderson %A Kenneth Turteltaub %A Ted J Ognibene %A Bench, Graham %A Krueger, Sharon K %A Stuart Harris %A Jordan Smith %A Susan C Tilton %A Baird, William M %A Williams, David E %K Adult %K Aged %K Animals %K Benzo(a)pyrene %K Carbon Radioisotopes %K Carcinogens %K Cooking %K Female %K Fish Products %K Food Safety %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Salmon %K Young Adult %X

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a known human carcinogen. In non-smoking adults greater than 95% of BaP exposure is through diet. The carcinogenicity of BaP is utilized by the U.S. EPA to assess relative potency of complex PAH mixtures. PAH relative potency factors (RPFs, BaP = 1) are determined from high dose animal data. We employed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to determine pharmacokinetics of [C]-BaP in humans following dosing with 46 ng (an order of magnitude lower than human dietary daily exposure and million-fold lower than animal cancer models). To assess the impact of co-administration of food with a complex PAH mixture, humans were dosed with 46 ng of [C]-BaP with or without smoked salmon. Subjects were asked to avoid high BaP-containing diets and a 3-day dietary questionnaire given to assess dietary exposure prior to dosing and three days post-dosing with [C]-BaP. Co-administration of smoked salmon, containing a complex mixture of PAHs with an RPF of 460 ng BaP, reduced and delayed absorption. Administration of canned commercial salmon, containing very low amounts of PAHs, showed the impacts on pharmacokinetics were not due to high amounts of PAHs but rather a food matrix effect.

%B Food Chem Toxicol %V 115 %P 136-147 %8 2018 May %G eng %R 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.003 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Research and reporting back: Community-engaged investigation around asthma and air pollution %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Holly Dixon %A Evoy, Richie %A Michael L Barton %A Kim A Anderson %B Seminar at the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health and NIEHS Center, New York City, NY %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone wristbands compared with traditional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure assessment methods %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, Oregon %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2018 %T Silicone wristbands compared with traditional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure assessment methods %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Currently there is a lack of inexpensive, easy-to-use technology to evaluate human exposure to environmental chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This is the first study in which silicone wristbands were deployed alongside two traditional personal PAH exposure assessment methods: active air monitoring with samplers (i.e., polyurethane foam (PUF) and filter) housed in backpacks, and biological sampling with urine. We demonstrate that wristbands worn for 48 h in a non-occupational setting recover semivolatile PAHs, and we compare levels of PAHs in wristbands to PAHs in PUFs-filters and to hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) biomarkers in urine. We deployed all samplers simultaneously for 48 h on 22 pregnant women in an established urban birth cohort. Each woman provided one spot urine sample at the end of the 48-h period. Wristbands recovered PAHs with similar detection frequencies to PUFs-filters. Of the 62 PAHs tested for in the 22 wristbands, 51 PAHs were detected in at least one wristband. In this cohort of pregnant women, we found more significant correlations between OH-PAHs and PAHs in wristbands than between OH-PAHs and PAHs in PUFs-filters. Only two comparisons between PAHs in PUFs-filters and OH-PAHs correlated significantly (r = 0.53 and p = 0.01; r = 0.44 and p = 0.04), whereas six comparisons between PAHs in wristbands and OH-PAHs correlated significantly (r = 0.44 to 0.76 and p = 0.04 to <0.0001). These results support the utility of wristbands as a biologically relevant exposure assessment tool which can be easily integrated into environmental health studies. Graphical abstract PAHs detected in samples collected from urban pregnant women.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %8 04/2018 %G eng %R 10.1007/s00216-018-0992-z %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day %C Corvallis, OR %8 01/2017 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Annu Rev Public Health %D 2017 %T Assessing the Exposome with External Measures: Commentary on the State of the Science and Research Recommendations. %A Turner, Michelle C %A Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark %A Kim A Anderson %A Balshaw, David %A Cui, Yuxia %A Dunton, Genevieve %A Hoppin, Jane A %A Koutrakis, Petros %A Jerrett, Michael %X

The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information systems; remote sensing; global positioning system and geolocation technologies; portable and personal sensing, including smartphone-based sensors and assessments; and self-reported questionnaire assessments, which increasingly rely on Internet-based platforms. We also discuss priority research needs related to methodological and technological improvement, data analysis and interpretation, data sharing, and other practical considerations, including improved assessment of exposure variability as well as exposure in multiple, critical life stages.

%B Annu Rev Public Health %V 38 %P 215-239 %8 2017 Mar 20 %G eng %R 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012802 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health %D 2017 %T Cross-sectional study of social behaviors in preschool children and exposure to flame retardants. %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A Megan McClelland %A MacDonald, Megan %A Cardenas, Andres %A Kim A Anderson %A Molly Kile %K Child, Preschool %K Environmental Exposure %K Environmental Pollutants %K Female %K Flame Retardants %K Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers %K Humans %K Male %K Organophosphates %K Social Behavior %X

BACKGROUND: Children are exposed to flame retardants from the built environment. Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE) and organophosphate-based flame retardants (OPFRs) are associated with poorer neurocognitive functioning in children. Less is known, however, about the association between these classes of compounds and children's emotional and social behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine if flame retardant exposure was associated with measurable differences in social behaviors among children ages 3-5 years.

METHODS: We examined teacher-rated social behaviors measured using the Social Skills Improvement Rating Scale (SSIS) and personal exposure to flame retardants in children aged 3-5 years who attended preschool (n = 72). Silicone passive samplers worn for 7 days were used to assess personal exposure to 41 compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer. These concentrations were then summed into total BDE and total OPFR exposure prior to natural log transformation. Separate generalized additive models were used to evaluate the relationship between seven subscales of the SSIS and lnΣBDE or lnΣOPFR adjusting for other age, sex, adverse social experiences, and family context.

RESULTS: All children were exposed to a mixture of flame retardant compounds. We observed a dose dependent relationship between lnΣOPFR and two subscales where children with higher exposures were rated by their preschool teachers as having less responsible behavior (p = 0.07) and more externalizing behavior problems (p = 0.03). Additionally, children with higher lnΣBDE exposure were rated by teachers as less assertive (p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS: We observed a cross-sectional association between children's exposure to flame retardant compounds and teacher-rated social behaviors among preschool-aged children. Children with higher flame retardant exposures exhibited poorer social skills in three domains that play an important role in a child's ability to succeed academically and socially.

%B Environ Health %V 16 %P 23 %8 2017 03 09 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12940-017-0224-6 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS 50th Anniversary FEST, Durham, North Carolina %8 2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T Completing the Link between Exposure Science and Toxicology for Improved Environmental Health Decision Making: The Aggregate Exposure Pathway Framework. %A JG Teeguarden %A Tan, Yu-Mei %A Edwards, Stephen W %A Leonard, Jeremy A %A Kim A Anderson %A Corley, Richard A %A Molly Kile %A Staci M Simonich %A Stone, David %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Katrina M Waters %A Harper, Stacey L %A Williams, David E %X

Driven by major scientific advances in analytical methods, biomonitoring, computation, and a newly articulated vision for a greater impact in public health, the field of exposure science is undergoing a rapid transition from a field of observation to a field of prediction. Deployment of an organizational and predictive framework for exposure science analogous to the "systems approaches" used in the biological sciences is a necessary step in this evolution. Here we propose the aggregate exposure pathway (AEP) concept as the natural and complementary companion in the exposure sciences to the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept in the toxicological sciences. Aggregate exposure pathways offer an intuitive framework to organize exposure data within individual units of prediction common to the field, setting the stage for exposure forecasting. Looking farther ahead, we envision direct linkages between aggregate exposure pathways and adverse outcome pathways, completing the source to outcome continuum for more meaningful integration of exposure assessment and hazard identification. Together, the two frameworks form and inform a decision-making framework with the flexibility for risk-based, hazard-based, or exposure-based decision making.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 4579-86 %8 05/2016 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1021/acs.est.5b05311 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Extraction into Air. %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %X

Natural gas extraction, often referred to as "fracking", has increased rapidly in the United States in recent years. To address potential health impacts, passive air samplers were deployed in a rural community heavily affected by the natural gas boom. Samplers were analyzed for 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were grouped based on distance from each sampler to the nearest active well. Levels of benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, and carcinogenic potency of PAH mixtures were highest when samplers were closest to active wells. PAH levels closest to natural gas activity were comparable to levels previously reported in rural areas in winter. Sourcing ratios indicated that PAHs were predominantly petrogenic, suggesting that PAH levels were influenced by direct releases from the earth. Quantitative human health risk assessment estimated the excess lifetime cancer risks associated with exposure to the measured PAHs. At sites closest to active wells, the risk estimated for maximum residential exposure was 0.04 in a million, which is below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acceptable risk level. Overall, risk estimates decreased 30% when comparing results from samplers closest to active wells to those farthest from them. This work suggests that natural gas extraction is contributing PAHs to the air, at levels that would not be expected to increase cancer risk.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 7921-9 %8 07/2016 %G eng %N 14 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b02762 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Movement of PAHs emitted from natural gas extraction wells %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, The Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Passive wristband samplers assess individual PAH exposure near natural gas extraction %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, The Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Personal exposure to PAHs near natural gas extraction %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 37th Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, United States %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Res Q Exerc Sport %D 2016 %T Relations of Preschoolers' Visual-Motor and Object Manipulation Skills With Executive Function and Social Behavior. %A MacDonald, Megan %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A Megan McClelland %A Duncan, Rob %A Becker, Derek %A Kim A Anderson %A Molly Kile %X

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to examine specific linkages between early visual-motor integration skills and executive function, as well as between early object manipulation skills and social behaviors in the classroom during the preschool year.

METHOD: Ninety-two children aged 3 to 5 years old (Mage = 4.31 years) were recruited to participate. Comprehensive measures of visual-motor integration skills, object manipulation skills, executive function, and social behaviors were administered in the fall and spring of the preschool year.

RESULTS: Our findings indicated that children who had better visual-motor integration skills in the fall had better executive function scores (B = 0.47 [0.20], p < .05, β = .27) in the spring of the preschool year after controlling for age, gender, Head Start status, and site location, but not after controlling for children's baseline levels of executive function. In addition, children who demonstrated better object manipulation skills in the fall showed significantly stronger social behavior in their classrooms (as rated by teachers) in the spring, including more self-control (B - 0.03 [0.00], p < .05, β = .40), more cooperation (B = 0.02 [0.01], p < .05, β = .28), and less externalizing/hyperactivity (B = - 0.02 [0.01], p < .05, β = - .28) after controlling for social behavior in the fall and other covariates.

CONCLUSION: Children's visual-motor integration and object manipulation skills in the fall have modest to moderate relations with executive function and social behaviors later in the preschool year. These findings have implications for early learning initiatives and school readiness.

%B Res Q Exerc Sport %V 87 %P 396-407 %8 12/2016 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1080/02701367.2016.1229862 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2016 %T Using silicone wristbands to evaluate preschool children's exposure to flame retardants. %A Molly Kile %A Richard P Scott %A Steven G O'Connell %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A MacDonald, Megan %A Megan McClelland %A Kim A Anderson %X

Silicone wristbands can be used as passive sampling tools for measuring personal environmental exposure to organic compounds. Due to the lightweight and simple design, the wristband may be a useful technique for measuring children's exposure. In this study, we tested the stability of flame retardant compounds in silicone wristbands and developed an analytical approach for measuring 41 flame retardants in the silicone wristband in order to evaluate exposure to these compounds in preschool-aged children. To evaluate the robustness of using wristbands to measure flame retardants, we evaluated the stability of 3 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), and 2 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in wristbands over 84 days and did not find any evidence of significant loss over time at either 4 or -20°C (p>0.16). We recruited a cohort of 92 preschool aged children in Oregon to wear the wristband for 7 days in order to characterize children's acceptance of the technology, and to characterize their exposure to flame retardants. Seventy-seven parents returned the wristbands for analysis of 35 BDEs, 4 OPFRs, and 2 other brominated flame retardants although 5 were excluded from the exposure assessment due to protocol deviations (n=72). A total of 20 compounds were detected above the limit of quantitation, and 11 compounds including 4 OPFRs and 7 BDEs were detected in over 60% of the samples. Children's gender, age, race, recruitment site, and family context were not significantly associated with returning wristbands or compliance with protocols. Comparisons between flame retardant data and socio-demographic information revealed significant differences in total exposures to both ΣBDEs and ΣOPFRs based on age of house, vacuuming frequency, and family context. These results demonstrate that preschool children in Oregon are exposed to BDEs that are no longer being produced in the United States and to OPFRs that have been used as an alternative to polybrominated compounds. Silicone wristbands were well tolerated by young children and were useful for characterizing personal exposure to flame retardants that were not bound to particulate matter.

%B Environ Res %V 147 %P 365-72 %8 05/2016 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.034 %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Can passive sediment samplers predict clam contamination? %A LB Paulik %A Jamie Donatuto %A Christine Woodward %A Molly Kile %A Harding, A %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU Superfund Research Program Tribal-University Collaborations' Community Engagement Core Advisory Committee Meeting, Portland, OR %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Justice %D 2015 %T A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health. %A Diana Rohlman %A Syron, Laura %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %A Scaffidi, Christopher %A Sudakin, Daniel %A Katrina M Waters %A Erin N Haynes %A Arkin, Lisa %A Feezel, Paul %A Laurel D Kincl %X

In west Eugene (Oregon), community research indicates residents are disproportionately exposed to industrial air pollution and exhibit increased asthma incidence. In Carroll County (Ohio), recent increases in unconventional natural gas drilling sparked air quality concerns. These community concerns led to the development of a prototype mobile device to measure personal chemical exposure, location, and respiratory function. Working directly with the environmental justice (EJ) communities, the prototype was developed to 1) meet the needs of the community and 2) evaluate the use in EJ communities. The prototype was evaluated in three community focus groups (n = 25) to obtain feedback on the prototype and feasibility study design to evaluate the efficacy of the device to address community concerns. Focus groups were recorded and qualitatively analyzed with discrete feedback tabulated for further refinement. The prototype was improved by community feedback resulting in eight alterations/additions to software and instructional materials. Overall, focus group participants were supportive of the device and believed it would be a useful environmental health tool. The use of focus groups ensured that community members were engaged in the research design and development of a novel environmental health tool. We found that community-based research strategies resulted in a refined device as well as relevant research questions, specific to the EJ community needs and concerns.

%B Environ Justice %V 8 %P 126-134 %8 2015 Aug 01 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1089/env.2015.0001 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Development of an online platform to promote environmental public health within citizen scientists %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Michael L Barton %A Josh A Willmarth %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Disasters and Emerging Environmental Threats %A Miller, A %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Lefthand-Begay, C %A O’Fallon, L %A Kwok, R %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Engaging rural citizen scientists to explore impacts of fracking on ambient air %A Diana Rohlman %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %A LB Paulik %A Feezel, P. %A Laurel D Kincl %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Engaging Rural Citizens to Answer Questions about Air Quality %A Diana Rohlman %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Elam, S. %A LB Paulik %B Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA %8 03/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Environmental Preparedness and Resilience Empowering People: Personal Wristband Sampling Nexus %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Josh A Willmarth %A Michael L Barton %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T EPREP: Environmental Preparedness and Resilience Empowering People %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Michael L Barton %A Josh A Willmarth %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %B 2015 Citizen Science Meeting. San Jose, CA %8 02/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Impact of natural gas extraction on PAH levels in ambient air %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC Europe 25th Annual Meeting, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain %8 05/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2015 %T Impact of natural gas extraction on PAH levels in ambient air. %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %X

Natural gas extraction, often referred to as "fracking," has increased rapidly in the U.S. in recent years. To address potential health impacts, passive air samplers were deployed in a rural community heavily affected by the natural gas boom. Samplers were analyzed for 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were grouped based on distance from each sampler to the nearest active well. PAH levels were highest when samplers were closest to active wells. Additionally, PAH levels closest to natural gas activity were an order of magnitude higher than levels previously reported in rural areas. Sourcing ratios indicate that PAHs were predominantly petrogenic, suggesting that elevated PAH levels were influenced by direct releases from the earth. Quantitative human health risk assessment estimated the excess lifetime cancer risks associated with exposure to the measured PAHs. Closest to active wells, the risk estimated for maximum residential exposure was 2.9 in 10,000, which is above the U.S. EPA's acceptable risk level. Overall, risk estimates decreased 30% when comparing results from samplers closest to active wells to those farthest. This work suggests that natural gas extraction may be contributing significantly to PAHs in air, at levels that are relevant to human health.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 49 %P 5203-5210 %8 03/2015 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1021/es506095e %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2015 %T In vivo contaminant partitioning to silicone implants: Implications for use in biomonitoring and body burden. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Susan Carozza %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Pennington %A Kim A Anderson %X

Silicone polymers are used for a wide array of applications from passive samplers in environmental studies, to implants used in human augmentation and reconstruction. If silicone sequesters toxicants throughout implantation, it may represent a history of exposure and potentially reduce the body burden of toxicants influencing the risk of adverse health outcomes such as breast cancer. Objectives of this research included identifying a wide variety of toxicants in human silicone implants, and measuring the in vivo absorption of contaminants into silicone and surrounding tissue in an animal model. In the first study, eight human breast implants were analyzed for over 1400 organic contaminants including consumer products, chemicals in commerce, and pesticides. A total of 14 compounds including pesticides such as trans-nonachlor (1.2-5.9ng/g) and p,p'-DDE (1.2-34ng/g) were identified in human implants, 13 of which have not been previously reported in silicone prostheses. In the second project, female ICR mice were implanted with silicone and dosed with p,p'-DDE and PCB118 by intraperitoneal injection. After nine days, silicone and adipose samples were collected, and all implants in dosed mice had p,p'-DDE and PCB118 present. Distribution ratios from silicone and surrounding tissue in mice compare well with similar studies, and were used to predict adipose concentrations in human tissue. Similarities between predicted and measured chemical concentrations in mice and humans suggest that silicone may be a reliable surrogate measure of persistent toxicants. More research is needed to identify the potential of silicone implants to refine the predictive quality of chemicals found in silicone implants.

%B Environ Int %V 85 %P 182-188 %8 9/2015 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.016 %0 Journal Article %J Digital System Design (DSD), 2015 Euromicro Conference on %D 2015 %T Linking the Physical with the Perceptual: Health and Exposure Monitoring with Cyber-physical Questionnaires %A Scaffidi, Chris %A Laurel D Kincl %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B Digital System Design (DSD), 2015 Euromicro Conference on %P 563-566 %8 08/2015 %G eng %R 10.1109 %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Chemical Exposure, Location and Respiratory Health Robustness and Comparisons with Conventional Technologies %A Kim A Anderson %A Holly Dixon %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Scaffidi, Chris %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Laurel D Kincl %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T The nexus of citizen science: Integrating community needs and interests %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Josh A Willmarth %A Michael L Barton %A Laurel D Kincl %B EHS Center Meeting. Tucson, AZ %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Passive wristband sampler technology used to build bridges: Three Pilot Studies %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Richard P Scott %A Steven G O'Connell %A Carey E Donald %A Molly Kile %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A MacDonald, Megan %A Megan McClelland %B EHSC National Mtg. Tucson, AZ %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Transforming Epidemiological Studies: Using Passive Wristband Samplers to Measure Environmental Contaminant Exposure %A Holly Dixon %A Laurel D Kincl %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T What’s in the air? Using passive sampling to study fracking %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day 2015 %8 01/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T A Community-Based Approach to Environmental Health: Developing Novel Technologies to Evaluate Air Quality and Respiratory Health %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Arkin, L %A Laurel D Kincl %B Oregon Public Health Association Conference. Corvallis, OR %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T A Community-based EHSC Pilot Project: Using focus group methodology to improve the mobile exposure device %A Diana Rohlman %A Arkin, L %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %B Environmental Health Sciences Center Poster Session. Corvallis, OR %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Community-based EHSC Pilot Projects: Utilizing interdisciplinary approaches and community involvement to address environmental health concerns %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %B Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day. Corvallis, OR %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T A Community-Based, Inter-University Collaboration: Using Focus Group Methodology within Environmental Justice Communities to Design and Test a Mobile Exposure Device %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Elam, S. %B EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Evolution of a robust tribal-university research partnership to investigate tribal exposures and build scientific capacity %A Diana Rohlman %A Harper, Barbara %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Staci M Simonich %B Oral presentation at the Contemporary Northwest Tribal Health Conference, Portland, OR %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Evolution of a robust tribal-university research partnership to investigate tribal exposures and build scientific capacity %A Diana Rohlman %A Harper, Barbara %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Staci M Simonich %B Oral presentation at the 6th Annual Northwest Environmental Health Conference, Portland, OR %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Exposure Assessment Monitoring Tools Panel: Passive Wristband Samplers %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %B EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Impact of Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling on Air Quality in Easter Ohio: A Collaborative Supplement between the University of Cincinnati and Oregon State University %A Erin N Haynes %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %A Diana Rohlman %A Elam, S. %A Feezel, P. %A Kuhnell, P. %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Lane G Tidwell %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Alden, J. %A Brown, D. %B EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA. %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Improving techniques for estimating butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea) contamination in the Salish Sea %A LB Paulik %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Donatuto %A Christine Woodward %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Harding, Anna %B Samish Indian Nation Department of Natural Resources-Fidalgo Bay Science Conference, Anacortes, WA %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T The Mobile Exposure Device: a Personal Sampling Nexus for Exposure Monitoring %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Richard P Scott %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Scaffidi, Chris %A Elena S Peterson %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Epidemiological studies linking environmental exposures to health outcomes have been criticized for the lack of personal exposure data. The mobile exposure device (MED) is integrated personal environmental exposure tools coupled with software which links health data to location and chemical exposure. The MED combines a wristband passive sampling device with a smart phone application and biometric equipment providing a holistic tool to capture uniquely linked environmental-health information.  Silicone passive sampling wristbands sequester organic compounds while a cell phone application captures geographic location of study participants. Users were prompted to test lung function with a spirometer three times daily to identify variation in lung function throughout a typical daily routine.  Wristbands were worn daily then mailed to the laboratory, extracted, and analyzed for over 1,200 organic compounds including PAHs, OPAHs, PCBs, pesticides, flame retardants and industrial chemicals. Data is transmitted securely from a laboratory information management system and the smart phone app to a secure server through web services and integrated in order to discover statistical relationships among air pollutants, locations, and lung function. The MED was developed and tested in two different exposure scenarios, one community in Oregon with proximity to intense industrial activity, and another community in Ohio near unconventional natural gas drilling operations. Focus group meetings were employed in both communities to further enhance and optimize the MED. Early beta testing resulted in a daily accumulation of over 600,000 data points including geographic location, lung function, and chemical observations for each participant. The MED coupled with data integration and visualization techniques will enable researchers  to gain new insights and investigate new connections, while allowing communities to see their data in more intuitive ways.

%B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 34th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Reporting air quality data to a rural Appalachian community concerned about unconventional natural gas drilling %A Diana Rohlman %A Elam, S. %A LB Paulik %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Laurel D Kincl %B Partnerships for Environmental Public Health Meeting. Research Triangle Park, NC %8 09/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Response to comment on "Silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers". %A Steven G O'Connell %A Susan Carozza %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Kim A Anderson %K Environmental Monitoring %K Environmental Pollutants %K Humans %K Occupational Exposure %K Silicones %B Environ Sci Technol %V 48 %P 8927 %8 08/2014 %G eng %N 15 %R 10.1021/es503177x %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Silicone Wristbands as Personal Passive Samplers %A Kim A Anderson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Laurel D Kincl %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Silicone Wristbands as Personal Passive Samplers. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %X

Active-sampling approaches are commonly used for personal monitoring, but are limited by energy usage and data that may not represent an individual's exposure or bioavailable concentrations. Current passive techniques often involve extensive preparation, or are developed for only a small number of targeted compounds. In this work, we present a novel application for measuring bioavailable exposure with silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers. Laboratory methodology affecting pre-cleaning, infusion, and extraction were developed from commercially available silicone, and chromatographic background interference was reduced after solvent cleanup with good extraction efficiency (>96%). After finalizing laboratory methods, 49 compounds were sequestered during an ambient deployment which encompassed a diverse set of compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), consumer products, personal care products, pesticides, phthalates, and other industrial compounds ranging in log Kow from -0.07 (caffeine) to 9.49 (tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate). In two hot asphalt occupational settings, silicone personal samplers sequestered 25 PAHs during 8- and 40-hour exposures, as well as 2 oxygenated-PAHs (benzofluorenone and fluorenone) suggesting temporal sensitivity over a single work day or week (p<0.05, power = 0.85). Additionally, the amount of PAH sequestered differed between worksites (p<0.05, power = 0.99), suggesting spatial sensitivity using this novel application.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 02/2014 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24548134?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/es405022f %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Stainless Steel Leaches Nickel and Chromium into Foods During Cooking. %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Using silicone as biomonitors of exposure and potential body burden sinks for lipophilic toxicants. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Jamie Pennington %A Diana Rohlman %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Susan Carozza %A Kim A Anderson %K Humans %K implant %K Mice %K silicone %B 35th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Vancouver, BC Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T What's in the air? Using passive sampling to study fracking %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 34th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada %C Vancouver, BC, Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2013 %T Comparative developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant oxygenated PAHs. %A Knecht, Andrea L %A Goodale, Britton C %A Truong, Lisa %A Simonich, Michael T %A Swanson, Annika J %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Abnormalities, Drug-Induced %K Animals %K Biological Markers %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Environmental Pollutants %K Extracellular Space %K Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental %K Immunohistochemistry %K Mitochondria %K Oxidation-Reduction %K Oxidative Stress %K Oxygen Consumption %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction %K RNA %K Teratogens %K Zebrafish %X

Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) are byproducts of combustion and photo-oxidation of parent PAHs. OPAHs are widely present in the environment and pose an unknown hazard to human health. The developing zebrafish was used to evaluate a structurally diverse set of 38 OPAHs for malformation induction, gene expression changes and mitochondrial function. Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 120h post fertilization (hpf) to a dilution series of 38 different OPAHs and evaluated for 22 developmental endpoints. AHR activation was determined via CYP1A immunohistochemistry. Phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PHEQ), 1,9-benz-10-anthrone (BEZO), xanthone (XAN), benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione (7,12-B[a]AQ), and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-ANTQ) were evaluated for transcriptional responses at 48hpf, prior to the onset of malformations. qRT-PCR was conducted for a number of oxidative stress genes, including the glutathione transferase(gst), glutathione peroxidase(gpx), and superoxide dismutase(sod) families. Bioenergetics was assayed to measure in vivo oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in 26hpf embryos exposed to OPAHs. Hierarchical clustering of the structure-activity outcomes indicated that the most toxic of the OPAHs contained adjacent diones on 6-carbon moieties or terminal, para-diones on multi-ring structures. 5-carbon moieties with adjacent diones were among the least toxic OPAHs while the toxicity of multi-ring structures with more centralized para-diones varied considerably. 9,10-PHEQ, BEZO, 7,12-B[a]AQ, and XAN exposures increased expression of several oxidative stress related genes and decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a measurement of mitochondrial respiration. Comprehensive in vivo characterization of 38 structurally diverse OPAHs indicated differential AHR dependency and a prominent role for oxidative stress in the toxicity mechanisms.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 271 %P 266-75 %8 11/2013 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684558?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.006 %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2013 %T Stainless steel leaches nickel and chromium into foods during cooking. %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %X

Toxicological studies show that oral doses of nickel and chromium can cause cutaneous adverse reactions such as dermatitis. Additional dietary sources, such as leaching from stainless steel cookware during food preparation, are not well characterized. This study examined stainless steel grades, cooking time, repetitive cooking cycles, and multiple types of tomato sauces for their effects on nickel and chromium leaching. Trials included three types of stainless steels and a stainless steel saucepan, cooking times of 2-20 h, 10 consecutive cooking cycles, and four commercial tomato sauces. After a simulated cooking process, samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for Ni and Cr. After 6 h of cooking, Ni and Cr concentrations in tomato sauce increased up to 26- and 7-fold, respectively, depending on the grade of stainless steel. Longer cooking durations resulted in additional increases in metal leaching, where Ni concentrations increased 34-fold and Cr increased approximately 35-fold from sauces cooked without stainless steel. Cooking with new stainless steel resulted in the largest increases. Metal leaching decreases with sequential cooking cycles and stabilized after the sixth cooking cycle, although significant metal contributions to foods were still observed. The tenth cooking cycle resulted in an average of 88 μg of Ni and 86 μg of Cr leached per 126 g serving of tomato sauce. Stainless steel cookware can be an overlooked source of nickel and chromium, where the contribution is dependent on stainless steel grade, cooking time, and cookware usage.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 61 %P 9495-501 %8 10/2013 %G eng %N 39 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23984718?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf402400v %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Best Undergraduate Poster - 2nd Place %A Kamerud, Kristin L %B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Nickel Beyond Environmental Exposure: Stainless Steel Cookware's Contribution to Nickel Exposure from Cooked Foods %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %X

Environmental and occupational exposure to nickel is generally well characterized, however other potential routes of exposure,such as leaching from stainless steel cookware are not well known. Nickel occurs naturally in plants and animals, and humans are exposed to it from these dietary sources. Humans are estimated to ingest an average of 150 to 900μg of nickel per day. In 2001, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of nickel was decreased to 1000μg per day. The toxicological studies of nickel indicate that single oral doses as low as 3000μg causes allergic dermatitis. It is recommended that individuals sensitive to nickel lower their exposure. However, nickel may be introduced to the diet via leaching from stainless steel cookware into foods during cooking processes, contributing to flare-ups of allergic contact dermatitis. We tested three variables, grade of stainless steel, cook time, and repeated usage or cooking cycles, for their effects on nickel leaching from stainless steel during the process of cooking tomato sauce. Sampling involved simulated home cooking procedures with stainless steel grades equivalent to those found in cookware. After the cooking procedure samples underwent acid digestion, and analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show significant differences in nickel leaching between grades of stainless steel, indicative of the reported protective properties of the chromium oxide film in stainless steel. The amount of nickel in tomato sauce increased from 4.99mg/kg after a cook time of two hours to 7.63mg/kg after a cook time of twenty hours. The first cooking cycle showed the highest nickel concentration of 5.76mg/kg. Sequential cooking cycles with the sample stainless steel resulted in decreasing amounts nickel leached with each subsequent cooking cycle. From this set of experiments we can conclude that in addition to dietary exposures, stainless steel comparable to cookware is a source of nickel. Nickel exposure from stainless steel is variable, and dependent on grade of steel,cook time, and number of cooking cycles.

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2011 %T Preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene in rodents. %A Crowell, Susan Ritger %A Amin, Shantu G %A Kim A Anderson %A Krishnegowda, Gowdahalli %A Sharma, Arun K %A Soelberg, Jolen J %A Williams, David E %A Corley, Richard A %K Administration, Oral %K Algorithms %K Animals %K Benzo(a)pyrene %K Benzopyrenes %K Environmental Pollutants %K Female %K Injections, Intravenous %K Mice %K Models, Biological %K Rats %K Rats, Sprague-Dawley %K Tissue Distribution %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants generated as byproducts of natural and anthropogenic combustion processes. Despite significant public health concern, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling efforts for PAHs have so far been limited to naphthalene, plus simpler PK models for pyrene, nitropyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The dearth of published models is due in part to the high lipophilicity, low volatility, and myriad metabolic pathways for PAHs, all of which present analytical and experimental challenges. Our research efforts have focused upon experimental approaches and initial development of PBPK models for the prototypic PAH, B[a]P, and the more potent, albeit less studied transplacental carcinogen, dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC). For both compounds, model compartments included arterial and venous blood, flow limited lung, liver, richly perfused and poorly perfused tissues, diffusion limited fat, and a two compartment theoretical gut (for oral exposures). Hepatic and pulmonary metabolism was described for both compounds, as were fractional binding in blood and fecal clearance. Partition coefficients for parent PAH along with their diol and tetraol metabolites were estimated using published algorithms and verified experimentally for the hydroxylated metabolites. The preliminary PBPK models were able to describe many, but not all, of the available data sets, comprising multiple routes of exposure (oral, intravenous) and nominal doses spanning several orders of magnitude.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 257 %P 365-76 %8 12/2011 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001385?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.020 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health Perspect %D 2009 %T Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls interferes with experience-dependent dendritic plasticity and ryanodine receptor expression in weanling rats. %A Yang, Dongren %A Kim, Kyung Ho %A Phimister, Andrew %A Bachstetter, Adam D %A Ward, Thomas R %A Stackman, Robert W %A Mervis, Ronald F %A Wisniewski, Amy B %A Klein, Sabra L %A Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S %A Kim A Anderson %A Wayman, Gary %A Pessah, Isaac N %A Lein, Pamela J %K Animals %K Animals, Newborn %K Body Weight %K Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) %K Dendrites %K Female %K Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental %K Green Fluorescent Proteins %K Litter Size %K Maze Learning %K Memory %K Microtubule-Associated Proteins %K Neuronal Plasticity %K Pregnancy %K Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects %K Rats %K Rats, Sprague-Dawley %K Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel %K Sex Ratio %X

BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with altered patterns of neuronal connectivity. A critical determinant of neuronal connectivity is the dendritic morphology of individual neurons, which is shaped by experience. The identification of environmental exposures that interfere with dendritic growth and plasticity may, therefore, provide insight into environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alter dendritic growth and/or plasticity by promoting the activity of ryanodine receptors (RyRs).

METHODS AND RESULTS: The Morris water maze was used to induce experience-dependent neural plasticity in weanling rats exposed to either vehicle or Aroclor 1254 (A1254) in the maternal diet throughout gestation and lactation. Developmental A1254 exposure promoted dendritic growth in cerebellar Purkinje cells and neocortical pyramidal neurons among untrained animals but attenuated or reversed experience-dependent dendritic growth among maze-trained littermates. These structural changes coincided with subtle deficits in spatial learning and memory, increased [3H]-ryanodine binding sites and RyR expression in the cerebellum of untrained animals, and inhibition of training-induced RyR upregulation. A congener with potent RyR activity, PCB95, but not a congener with negligible RyR activity, PCB66, promoted dendritic growth in primary cortical neuron cultures and this effect was blocked by pharmacologic antagonism of RyR activity.

CONCLUSIONS: Developmental exposure to PCBs interferes with normal patterns of dendritic growth and plasticity, and these effects may be linked to changes in RyR expression and function. These findings identify PCBs as candidate environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in children with heritable deficits in calcium signaling.

%B Environ Health Perspect %V 117 %P 426-35 %8 03/2009 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19337518?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1289/ehp.11771 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2009 %T Trans-Pacific and regional atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides in biomass burning emissions to western North America. %A Genualdi, Susan A %A Killin, Robert K %A Woods, Jim %A Schmedding, David %A Staci M Simonich %K Air %K Air Pollutants %K Atmosphere %K Biomass %K Fires %K Motion %K North America %K Pacific Ocean %K Pesticides %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Satellite Communications %K Siberia %K Soil %K Trees %X

The trans-Pacific and regional North American atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides in biomass burning emissions was measured in air masses from April to September 2003 at two remote sites in western North America. Mary's Peak Observatory (MPO) is located in Oregon's Coast Range and Cheeka Peak Observatory (CPO) is located on the tip of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State. During this time period, both remote sites were influenced by PAH and pesticide emissions from forest fires in Siberia and regional fires in Oregon and Washington State. Concurrent samples were taken at both sites on June 2 and August 4, 2003. On these dates, CPO had elevated gas phase PAH, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, and retene concentrations (p < 0.05) and MPO had elevated retene, particulate phase PAH, and levoglucosan concentrations due to trans-Pacific transport of emissions from fires in Siberia. In addition, during the April to September 2003 sampling period, CPO and MPO were influenced by emissions from regional fires that resulted in elevated levoglucosan, dacthal, endosulfan, and gas phase PAH concentrations. Burned and unburned forest soil samples collected from the regional forest fire area showed that 34-100% of the pesticide mass was lost from soil due to burning. These data suggest that the trans-Pacific and regional atmospheric transport of biomass burning emissions results in elevated PAH and pesticide concentrations in western North America. The elevated pesticide concentrations are likely due to re-emission of historically deposited pesticides from the soil and vegetation during the fire event.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 43 %P 1061-6 %8 2009 Feb 15 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1021/es802163c %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2009 %T Use of passive sampling devices to assess a suite of over 1000 non-polar and semi-polar contaminants in a re-circulating aquaculture system %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Peterson, T %A Kent, M %A Kim A Anderson %X

Re-circulating aquaculture systems may occasionally become contaminated or amplify biological or chemical agents. For instance, increased prevalence of intestinal cancers have been observed in some zebrafish re-circulating aquaculture facilities. The etiology of these neoplasms are unknown. We used passive sampling devices in re-circulating aquaculture systems to sequester a suite of non-polar and semi-polar contaminants. Passive sampling devices sequester and concentrate a wide range of contaminants that may be at very low concentrations within a system, thus are well suited to investigate contamination and episodic exposure events. Through the use of Agilent's Retention Time Locking software, Deconvolution Reporting Software and combining several mass spectral libraries, we were able to screen the passive sampling device extracts for nearly 2000 potential contaminants with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Included in our screen were over 900 pesticides and endocrine disruptors, PCBs, along with a wide range of other chemicals. The passive sampling device extracts were also used with the embryonic zebrafish toxicity model where fish were grown out to determine if similar types of cancer formed.

%B SETAC North America 30th Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA %8 11/2009 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2008 %T Atmospherically deposited PBDEs, pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs in western U.S. National Park fish: concentrations and consumption guidelines. %A Ackerman, Luke K %A Schwindt, Adam R %A Staci M Simonich %A Koch, Dan C %A Blett, Tamara F %A Schreck, Carl B %A Kent, Michael L %A Landers, Dixon H %K Animals %K Atmosphere %K Ethers %K Fishes %K Guidelines as Topic %K Pesticides %K Polybrominated Biphenyls %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Polycyclic Compounds %K United States %X

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in 136 fish from 14 remote lakes in 8 western U.S. National Parks/Preserves between 2003 and 2005 and compared to human and wildlife contaminant health thresholds. A sensitive (median detection limit--18 pg/g wet weight), efficient (61% recovery at 8 ng/g), reproducible (4.1% relative standard deviation (RSD)), and accurate (7% deviation from standard reference material (SRM)) analytical method was developed and validated for these analyses. Concentrations of PCBs, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes, DDTs, and chlordanes in western U.S. fish were comparable to or lower than mountain fish recently collected from Europe, Canada, and Asia. Dieldrin and PBDE concentrations were higher than recent measurements in mountain fish and Pacific Ocean salmon. Concentrations of most contaminants in western U.S. fish were 1-6 orders of magnitude below calculated recreational fishing contaminant health thresholds. However, lake average contaminant concentrations in fish exceeded subsistence fishing cancer thresholds in 8 of 14 lakes and wildlife contaminant health thresholds for piscivorous birds in 1 of 14 lakes. These results indicate that atmospherically deposited organic contaminants can accumulate in high elevation fish, reaching concentrations relevant to human and wildlife health.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 42 %P 2334-41 %8 2008 Apr 01 %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1021/es702348j %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Atmospheric Outflow of Anthropogenic Semivolatile Organic Compounds from Asia in Spring 2004 %A Primbs, T %A Schmedding, D %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jaffe, D %A Kato, S %A Takami, A %A Hatakeyama, S %A Kajii, Y %A Staci M Simonich %B American Chemical Society, Boston, MA %8 08/2007 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2005 %T Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon. %A Villeneuve, Daniel L %A Curtis, Lawrence R %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Warner, Kara E %A Tilton, Fred %A Kent, Michael L %A Watral, Virginia G %A Cunningham, Michael E %A Markle, Douglas F %A D Sethajintanin %A Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Grove, Robert %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Benzofurans %K Bone and Bones %K Dioxins %K Female %K Fishes %K History, Ancient %K Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated %K Metals, Heavy %K Oocytes %K Oregon %K Organophosphorus Compounds %K Ovary %K Pesticides %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Rivers %K Trematoda %K Trematode Infections %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

The Willamette River, one of 14 American Heritage Rivers, flows through the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of Oregon. Previous biological monitoring of the Willamette River detected elevated frequencies of skeletal deformities in fish from certain areas of the lower (Newberg pool [NP], rivermile [RM] 26 - 55) and middle (Wheatland Ferry [WF], RM 72 - 74) river, relative to those in the upper river (Corvallis [CV], RM 125-138). The objective of this study was to determine the likely cause of these skeletal deformities. In 2002 and 2003, deformity loads in Willamette River fishes were 2-3 times greater at the NP and WF locations than at the CV location. There were some differences in water quality parameters between the NP and CV sites, but they did not readily explain the difference in deformity loads. Concentrations of bioavailable metals were below detection limits (0.6 - 1 microg/ L). Concentrations of bioavailable polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally below 0.25 ng/L. Concentrations of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generally less than 5 ng/L. Concentrations of most persistent organic pollutants were below detection limits in ovary/oocyte tissue samples and sediments, and those that were detected were not significantly different among sites. Bioassay of Willamette River water extracts provided no evidence that unidentified compounds or the complex mixture of compounds present in the extracts could induce skeletal deformities in cyprinid fish. However, metacercariae of a digenean trematode were directly associated with a large percentage of deformities detected in two Willamette River fishes, and similar deformities were reproduced in laboratoryfathead minnows exposed to cercariae extracted from Willamette River snails. Thus, the weight of evidence suggests that parasitic infection, not chemical contaminants, was the primary cause of skeletal deformities observed in Willamette River fish.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 39 %P 3495-506 %8 05/2005 %G eng %N 10 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15954223?dopt=Abstract %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2004 %T Anthropogenic Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at Cheeka Peak Observatory During Spring 2002 %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %A Staci M Simonich %B American Association for the Advancement of Science, Seattle, WA %8 02/2004 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2004 %T Atmospheric Transport of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds Measured at Marys Peak Observatory During 2003 %A Killin, R %A Glenn R Wilson %A Staci M Simonich %B Fourth SETAC World Congress, Portland, OR %8 11/2004 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2004 %T TransPacific and Regional Atmospheric Transport of Anthropogenic SemiVolatile Organic Compounds to Cheeka Peak Observatory During the Spring of 2002 %A Killin, R %A Staci M Simonich %A Jaffe, D %A DeForest, C L %A Glenn R Wilson %B American Geophysical Union Meeting, San Francisco, CA %8 12/2004 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2003 %T Atmospheric Concentrations of Semi-Volatile Organic Pollutants on the Tip of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington: Evidence of Trans-Pacific Transport? %A Staci M Simonich %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %B Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Research Conference, Vancouver, BC %8 04/2003 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2003 %T Atmospheric Transport of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds to a Remote Site on the U.S. West Coast %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %A Staci M Simonich %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Austin TX, %8 11/2003 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2003 %T Invited presentation, Travel award %A Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin %B Assoc. Envir. Health Acad. Prog, joint CDC/AEHAP/ATSDR mtg, Atlanta, GA %G eng %0 Generic %D 2003 %T SETAC National meeting travel grant %A Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin %B SETAC National meeting %G eng %0 Generic %D 2003 %T Student Paper/Poster Award %A Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin %B EHA Education Conference, Assoc. of Environmental Health Academic Program, Center for Disease Control Prevention / National Center for Environmental Health Joint Meeting %G eng %0 Generic %D 2003 %T Travel grant award %A Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin %B National Annual Assoc. Environmental Health Education Conf. Reno, NV %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2002 %T ITCT 2K2: Trans-Pacific Transport of Anthropogenic Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds %A Staci M Simonich %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %B American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA %8 12/2002 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2002 %T Long-Range Transport of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds to the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. in Spring 2002 %A Staci M Simonich %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Salt Lake City, UT %8 11/2002 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Ecological Applications %D 1999 %T DNA repair and resistance to UV-B radiation in western spotted frogs %A Andrew R Blaustein %A John B Hays %A Peter D Hoffman %A Chivers, DP %A Kiesecker, J M %A Leonard WP %A Marco, A %A Reaser, JK %A Anthony, RG %B Ecological Applications %8 1999 %G eng %N 9:3:1100-1105 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Toxicology %D 1997 %T The significance of Ultraviolet-B radiation to amphibian population declines. Reviews in Toxicology %A Andrew R Blaustein %A Kiesecker, J M %A Peter D Hoffman %A John B Hays %B Environmental Toxicology %V 147-165 %8 1997 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Photochem Photobiol %D 1996 %T Developmental responses of amphibians to solar and artificial UVB sources: a comparative study. %A John B Hays %A Andrew R Blaustein %A Kiesecker, J M %A Peter D Hoffman %A Pandelova, I %A Coyle, D %A Richardson, T %K Amphibians %K Animals %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA %K DNA Repair %K Female %K Ovum %K Radiation Tolerance %K Sunlight %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

Many amphibian species, in widely scattered locations, currently show population declines and/or reductions in range, but other amphibian species show no such declines. There is no known single cause for these declines. Differential sensitivity to UVB radiation among species might be one contributing factor. We have focused on amphibian eggs, potentially the most UVB-sensitive stage, and compared their resistance to UVB components of sunlight with their levels of photolyase, typically the most important enzyme for repair of the major UV photoproducts in DNA, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Photolyase varied 100-fold among eggs/oocytes of 10 species. Among three species-Hyla regilla, Rana cascadae, and Bufo boreas-for which resistance of eggs to solar UVB irradiance in their natural locations was measured, hatching success correlated strongly with photolyase. Two additional species, Rana aurora and Ambystoma gracile, now show similar correlations. Among the low-egg-photolyase species, R. cascadae and B. boreas are showing declines, and the status of A. gracile is not known. Of the two high-photolyase species, populations of H. regilla remain robust, but populations of R. aurora are showing declines. To determine whether levels of photolyase or other repair activities are affected by solar exposures during amphibian development, we have initiated an extended study of H. regilla and R. cascadae, and of Xenopus laevis, laboratory-reared specimens of which previously showed very low photolyase levels. Hyla regilla and R. cascadae tadpoles are being reared to maturity in laboratories supplemented with modest levels of UV light or light filtered to remove UVB wavelengths. Young X. laevis females are being reared indoors and outdoors. Initial observations reveal severe effects of both UVA and UVB light on H. regilla and R. cascadae tadpoles and metamorphs, including developmental abnormalities and high mortalities. Assays of photolyase levels in the skins of young animals roughly parallel previous egg/oocyte photolyase measurements for all three species.

%B Photochem Photobiol %V 64 %P 449-56 %8 1996 Sep %G eng %N 3 %0 Conference Proceedings %B Proceedings International Congress of Photobiology, Vienna, Austria %D 1996 %T Responses of amphibians to solar and artificial UV light: photorepair, survival, and developmental effects %A John B Hays %A Andrew R Blaustein %A Kiesecker, J M %A Peter D Hoffman %A Pandelova, I %B Proceedings International Congress of Photobiology, Vienna, Austria %8 09/1996 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %D 1994 %T UV repair and resistance to solar UV-B in amphibian eggs: a link to population declines? %A Andrew R Blaustein %A Peter D Hoffman %A Hokit, D G %A Kiesecker, J M %A Walls, S C %A John B Hays %K Animals %K Anura %K Bufonidae %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA %K DNA Damage %K DNA Repair %K Female %K Models, Biological %K Ovum %K Population Dynamics %K Radiation Tolerance %K Ranidae %K Species Specificity %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

The populations of many amphibian species, in widely scattered habitats, appear to be in severe decline; other amphibians show no such declines. There is no known single cause for the declines, but their widespread distribution suggests involvement of global agents--increased UV-B radiation, for example. We addressed the hypothesis that differential sensitivity among species to UV radiation contributes to these population declines. We focused on species-specific differences in the abilities of eggs to repair UV radiation damage to DNA and differential hatching success of embryos exposed to solar radiation at natural oviposition sites. Quantitative comparisons of activities of a key UV-damage-specific repair enzyme, photolyase, among oocytes and eggs from 10 amphibian species were reproducibly characteristic for a given species but varied > 80-fold among the species. Levels of photolyase generally correlated with expected exposure of eggs to sunlight. Among the frog and toad species studied, the highest activity was shown by the Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla), whose populations are not known to be in decline. The Western toad (Bufo boreas) and the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae), whose populations have declined markedly, showed significantly lower photolyase levels. In field experiments, the hatching success of embryos exposed to UV radiation was significantly greater in H. regilla than in R. cascadae and B. boreas. Moreover, in R. cascadae and B. boreas, hatching success was greater in regimes shielded from UV radiation compared with regimes that allowed UV radiation. These observations are thus consistent with the UV-sensitivity hypothesis.

%B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %V 91 %P 1791-5 %8 1994 Mar 01 %G eng %N 5