%0 Journal Article %J Geohealth %D 2024 %T PM Is Insufficient to Explain Personal PAH Exposure. %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Miller, Rachel L %A Laurel D Kincl %A Julie Herbstman %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

To understand how chemical exposure can impact health, researchers need tools that capture the complexities of personal chemical exposure. In practice, fine particulate matter (PM) air quality index (AQI) data from outdoor stationary monitors and Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke density data from satellites are often used as proxies for personal chemical exposure, but do not capture total chemical exposure. Silicone wristbands can quantify more individualized exposure data than stationary air monitors or smoke satellites. However, it is not understood how these proxy measurements compare to chemical data measured from wristbands. In this study, participants wore daily wristbands, carried a phone that recorded locations, and answered daily questionnaires for a 7-day period in multiple seasons. We gathered publicly available daily PM AQI data and HMS data. We analyzed wristbands for 94 organic chemicals, including 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Wristband chemical detections and concentrations, behavioral variables (e.g., time spent indoors), and environmental conditions (e.g., PM AQI) significantly differed between seasons. Machine learning models were fit to predict personal chemical exposure using PM AQI only, HMS only, and a multivariate feature set including PM AQI, HMS, and other environmental and behavioral information. On average, the multivariate models increased predictive accuracy by approximately 70% compared to either the AQI model or the HMS model for all chemicals modeled. This study provides evidence that PM AQI data alone or HMS data alone is insufficient to explain personal chemical exposures. Our results identify additional key predictors of personal chemical exposure.

%B Geohealth %V 8 %P e2023GH000937 %8 2024 Feb %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1029/2023GH000937 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2024 %T Predicting personal PAH exposure using high dimensional questionnaire and wristband data. %A McLarnan, Sarah M %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Cavalier, Haleigh M %A Diana Rohlman %A Miller, Rachel L %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %A Julie Herbstman %X

BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of pervasive environmental pollutants with a variety of known health effects. While significant work has been completed to estimate personal exposure to PAHs, less has been done to identify sources of these exposures. Comprehensive characterization of reported sources of personal PAH exposure is a critical step to more easily identify individuals at risk of high levels of exposure and for developing targeted interventions based on source of exposure.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we leverage data from a New York (NY)-based birth cohort to identify personal characteristics or behaviors associated with personal PAH exposure and develop models for the prediction of PAH exposure.

METHODS: We quantified 61 PAHs measured using silicone wristband samplers in association with 75 questionnaire variables from 177 pregnant individuals. We evaluated univariate associations between each compound and questionnaire variable, conducted regression tree analysis for each PAH compound and completed a principal component analysis of for each participant's entire PAH exposure profile to determine the predictors of PAH levels.

RESULTS: Regression tree analyses of individual compounds and exposure mixture identified income, time spent outdoors, maternal age, country of birth, transportation type, and season as the variables most frequently predictive of exposure.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2024 Jan 05 %G eng %R 10.1038/s41370-023-00617-y %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2024 %T Utilizing a 1530 Chemical Screening Method to Identify and Characterize Potentially Wildfire-Specific Chemicals %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 63rd Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, UT %8 03/2024 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Arch Environ Occup Health %D 2023 %T Chemical contaminant exposures assessed using silicone wristbands among fuel station attendants, taxi drivers and commercial motorcycle riders in Kampala, Uganda. %A Atusingwize, Edwinah %A Diana Rohlman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Wafula, Solomon Tsebeni %A Musoke, David %A Buregyeya, Esther %A Mugambe, Richard K %A Ndejjo, Rawlance %A Ssempebwa, John C %A Kim A Anderson %X

There are concerns over traffic-related air pollution in Uganda's capital, Kampala. Individuals in the transportation sector are hypothesized to be at greater risk for exposure to volatile organic compounds, given their proximity to vehicle exhaust. Silicone wristbands are a wearable technology that passively sample individuals' chemical exposures. We conducted a pilot cross sectional study to measure personal exposures to volatile organic compounds among 14 transportation workers who wore a wristband for five days. We analyzed for 75 volatile organic compounds; 33 chemicals (35%) were detected and quantified in at least 50% of the samples and 15 (16%) chemicals were detected and quantified across all the samples. Specific chemicals were associated with participants' occupation. The findings can guide future large studies to inform policy and practice to reduce exposure to chemicals in the environment in Kampala.

%B Arch Environ Occup Health %P 1-11 %8 2023 Nov 02 %G eng %R 10.1080/19338244.2023.2275144 %0 Journal Article %J J Occup Environ Med %D 2023 %T Comparing Longitudinal Measures of Cholinesterase as Biomarkers for Insecticide Exposure Among Latinx Children in Rural Farmworker and Urban Non-Farmworker Communities in North Carolina. %A Sara A Quandt %A Smith, Sydney A %A Thomas A Arcury %A Haiying Chen %A Kirstin Hester %A Carey N Pope %A Kim A Anderson %A Paul J Laurienti %X

OBJECTIVE: In a two-group prospective design, this study compares seasonal cholinesterase levels of Latinx children in rural farmworker families and comparable urban children, to assess the impact of environmental exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides.

METHODS: Quarterly blood samples and passive dosimeter wristbands were collected over 2 years in 8 year old children (74 rural, 62 urban). Laboratory analysis assessed total cholinesterase (total ChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) from blood samples, and insecticides from wristbands.

RESULTS: In spring and summer, total ChE and AChE levels were depressed in rural children compared to winter and fall. BChE was depressed in rural children in fall, compared to spring and summer. Adjustment for insecticide exposure did not affect these associations.

CONCLUSIONS: Environmental exposures to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides have measurable biochemical effects on blood cholinesterases in rural children from farmworker families.

%B J Occup Environ Med %8 2023 Sep 06 %G eng %R 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002965 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2023 %T Concurrent assessment of diffusive and advective PAH movement strongly affected by temporal and spatial changes. %A Christine C Ghetu %A Ian L Moran %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Chemical movement influences exposure, remediation and interventions. Understanding chemical movement in addition to chemical concentrations at contaminated sites is critical to informed decision making. Using seepage meters and passive sampling devices we assessed both diffusive and advective flux of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at three time points, across two seasons, at a former creosote site in St. Helens, Oregon, United States. To our knowledge, this is the first time both diffusive and advective fluxes have been measured simultaneously at a contaminated site. Concentrations of 39 parent PAHs were determined by gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Across both seasons and all sites, diffusive flux of PAHs was up to three orders of magnitude larger than advective flux. Release of PAHs from sediments and water were identified, likely from legacy contamination, as well as deposition from the air into the site from contemporary and other sources. The majority of PAH movement was comprised of three and four ring PAHs. Chemical movement on the site was found to be spatially and temporally variable. Volatilization decreased and atmospheric deposition increased from summer to fall. At the locations with higher levels of contamination, sum PAH release from sediments decreased by more than two orders of magnitude from summer to late fall. These data reflect the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of this site and demonstrate the importance of seasonality in assessing chemical movement at contaminated sites. Results from this study can inform future legacy site assessments to optimize remediation strategies and assess remediation effectiveness.

%B Sci Total Environ %P 168765 %8 2023 Nov 20 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168765 %0 Journal Article %D 2023 %T Data to Accompany: Expanding the access of wearable silicone wristbands in community-engaged research through best practices in data analysis and integration %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Degnan, David J %A Diana Rohlman %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %X

Wearable silicone wristbands are a rapidly growing exposure assessment technology that offer researchers the ability to study previously inaccessible cohorts and have the potential to provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical exposure within diverse communities. However, there are no established best practices for analyzing the data within a study or across multiple studies, thereby limiting impact and access of these data for larger meta-analyses. We utilize data from three studies, from over 600 wristbands worn by participants in New York City and Eugene, Oregon, to present a first-of-its-kind manuscript detailing wristband data properties. We further discuss and provide concrete examples of key areas and considerations in common statistical modeling methods where best practices must be established to enable meta-analyses and integration of data from multiple studies. Finally, we detail important and challenging aspects of machine learning, meta-analysis, and data integration that researchers will face in order to extend beyond the limited scope of individual studies focused on specific populations.

%8 09/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2023 %T Determinants of exposure to endocrine disruptors following hurricane Harvey. %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Walker, C %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %X

Hurricane Harvey was a category four storm that induced catastrophic flooding in the Houston metropolitan area. Following the hurricane there was increased concern regarding chemical exposures due to damage caused by flood waters and emergency excess emissions from industrial facilities. This study utilized personal passive samplers in the form of silicone wristbands in Houston, TX to both assess chemical exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) immediately after the hurricane and determine participant characteristics associated with higher concentrations of exposure. Participants from the Houston-3H cohort (n = 172) wore a wristband for seven days and completed a questionnaire to determine various flood-related and demographic variables. Bivariate and multivariate analysis indicated that living in an area with a high Area Deprivation Index (ADI) (indicative of low socioeconomic status), identifying as Black/African American or Latino, and living in the Houston neighborhoods of Baytown and East Houston were associated with increased exposure to EDCs. These results provide evidence of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic injustices in exposure to EDCs in the Houston Metropolitan Area. Since the multiple regression models conducted did not fully explain exposure (0.047 < R2 < 0.34), more research is needed on the direct sources of EDCs within this area to create effective exposure mitigation strategies.

%B Environ Res %P 114867 %8 01/2023 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114867 %0 Conference Paper %D 2023 %T Environmental and Genetic Insights into Carcinogenesis: An Approach using Passive Sampling and CHIP Analysis in the Companion Dog %A Christopher Husted %A Kate Megquier %A Adam Harris %A Diane P. Genereux %A Kim A Anderson %A Alexander Bick %A Frances Chen %A Elinor Karlsson %G eng %0 Journal Article %J bioRxiv %D 2023 %T Expanding the access of wearable silicone wristbands in community-engaged research through best practices in data analysis and integration. %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Degnan, David J %A Diana Rohlman %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %X

Wearable silicone wristbands are a rapidly growing exposure assessment technology that offer researchers the ability to study previously inaccessible cohorts and have the potential to provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical exposure within diverse communities. However, there are no established best practices for analyzing the data within a study or across multiple studies, thereby limiting impact and access of these data for larger meta-analyses. We utilize data from three studies, from over 600 wristbands worn by participants in New York City and Eugene, Oregon, to present a first-of-its-kind manuscript detailing wristband data properties. We further discuss and provide concrete examples of key areas and considerations in common statistical modeling methods where best practices must be established to enable meta-analyses and integration of data from multiple studies. Finally, we detail important and challenging aspects of machine learning, meta-analysis, and data integration that researchers will face in order to extend beyond the limited scope of individual studies focused on specific populations.

%B bioRxiv %8 2023 Oct 02 %G eng %R 10.1101/2023.09.29.560217 %0 Journal Article %D 2023 %T Follicular DNA Damage and Pesticide Exposure Among Latinx Children in Rural and Urban Communities %A Cassandra Lepetit %A Mohamed Gaber %A Ke Zhou %A Haiying Chen %A Julia Holmes %A Phillip Summers %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Carey N Pope %A Kirstin Hester %A Paul J Laurienti %A Sara A Quandt %A Thomas A Arcury %A Pierre‑Alexandre Vidi %X

The intersectional risks of children in United States immigrant communities include environmental exposures. Pesticide exposures and their biological outcomes are not well characterized in this population group. We assessed pesticide exposure and related these exposures to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Latinx children from rural, farmworker families (FW; N = 30) and from urban, non-farmworker families (NFW; N = 15) living in North Carolina. DSBs were quantified in hair follicular cells by immunostaining of 53BP1, and exposure to 72 pesticides and pesticide degradation products were determined using silicone wristbands. Cholinesterase activity was measured in blood samples. DSB frequencies were higher in FW compared to NFW children. Seasonal effects were detected in the FW group, with highest DNA damage levels in April–June and lowest levels in October–November. Acetylcholinesterase depression had the same seasonality and correlated with follicular DNA damage. Organophosphate pesticides were more frequently detected in FW than in NFW children. Participants with organophosphate detections had increased follicular DNA damage compared to participants without organophosphate detection. Follicular DNA damage did not correlate with organochlorine or pyrethroid detections and was not associated with the total number of pesticides detected in the wristbands. These results point to rural disparities in pesticide exposures and their outcomes in children from vulnerable immigrant communities. They suggest that among the different classes of pesticides, organophosphates have the strongest genotoxic effects. Assessing pesticide exposures and their consequences at the individual level is key to environmental surveillance programs. To this end, the minimally invasive combined approach used here is particularly well suited for children.

%8 09/2023 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Investigating the Movement of Parent PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire to Understand Potential Human Exposure %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B ISES Chicago, IL %8 08/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Investigating Wildfire Smoke Composition and the Movement of Parent and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire to Understand Potential Human Exposure %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 44th Annual Meeting Louisville, KY %8 11/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC Troutdale, OR %8 05/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Sampling %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SOT Nashville, TN %8 03/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Sara A Jahnke %E Christopher K Haddock %E Lane G Tidwell %E Peter D Hoffman %E Kim A Anderson %B SOT Nashville, TN %8 03/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Movement of PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Pre-Wildfire, Wildfire, and Post-Wildfire %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU EMT Research Day Symposium Corvallis, OR %8 01/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Movement of Parent PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC 32nd Annual Conference Troutdale, OR %8 05/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Phthalates and Phthalate Alternatives Analysis Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry With Demonstration using Silicone Passive Samplers and Real-World Samples %A Kaley A Adams %E Caoilinn Haggerty %Y Richard P Scott %Y Steven G O'Connell %B SETAC North America 2023 %8 10/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Int J Hyg Environ Health %D 2023 %T Silicone passive sampling used to identify novel dermal chemical exposures of firefighters and assess PPE innovations. %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Kerber, Steve %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %K Air Pollutants, Occupational %K Firefighters %K Humans %K Occupational Exposure %K Personal Protective Equipment %K Pilot Projects %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Silicones %X

A plethora of chemicals are released into the air during combustion events, including a class of compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs have been implicated in increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, both of which are disease endpoints of concern in structural firefighters. Current commercially available personal protective equipment (PPE) typically worn by structural firefighters during fire responses have gaps in interfaces between the ensemble elements (e.g., hood and jacket) that allow for ingress of contaminants and dermal exposure. This pilot study aims to use silicone passive sampling to assess improvements in dermal protection afforded by a novel configuration of PPE, which incorporates a one-piece liner to eliminate gaps in two critical interfaces between pieces of gear. The study compared protection against parent and alkylated PAHs between the one-piece liner PPE and the standard configuration of PPE with traditional firefighting jacket and pants. Mannequins (n = 16) dressed in the PPE ensembles were placed in a Fireground Exposure Simulator for 10 min, and exposed to smoke from a combusting couch. Silicone passive samplers were placed underneath PPE at vulnerable locations near interfaces in standard PPE, and in the chamber air, to measure PAHs and calculate the dermal protection provided by both types of PPE. Silicone passive sampling methodology and analyses using gas chromatography with mass-spectrometry proved to be well-suited for this intervention study, allowing for the calculation and comparison of worker protection factors for 51 detected PAHs. Paired comparisons of the two PPE configurations found greater sum 2-3 ring PAH exposure underneath the standard PPE than the intervention PPE at the neck and chest, and at the chest for 4-7 ring PAHs (respective p-values: 0.00113, 0.0145, and 0.0196). Mean worker protection factors of the intervention PPE were also greater than the standard PPE for 98% of PAHs at the neck and chest. Notably, the intervention PPE showed more than 30 times the protection compared to the standard PPE against two highly carcinogenic PAHs, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and benzo[c]fluorene. Nine of the detected PAHs in this study have not been previously reported in fireground exposure studies, and 26 other chemicals (not PAHs) were detected using a large chemical screening method on a subset of the silicone samplers. Silicone passive sampling appears to be an effective means for measuring dermal exposure reduction to fireground smoke, providing evidence in this study that reducing gaps in PPE interfaces could be further pursued as an intervention to reduce dermal exposure to PAHs, among other chemicals.

%B Int J Hyg Environ Health %V 248 %P 114095 %8 2023 Mar %G eng %R 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114095 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Spatial and Cancer-Related Variation in Chemical Exposures Among Domestic Dogs %A Christopher Husted %A Brittney Logan %A Kate Megquier %A Dane Genereux %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Frances Chen %A Elinor Karlsson %B UMASS Retreat, UMASS Cancer Retreat %8 10/2023 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Using Silicone Dogtags to Better Understand Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters %A Emily M Bonner %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Sara A Jahnke %E Christopher K Haddock %E Lane G Tidwell %E Kim A Anderson %B ISES Chicago, IL %8 08/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2022 %T Associating Increased Chemical Exposure to Hurricane Harvey in a Longitudinal Panel Using Silicone Wristbands. %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Kim A Anderson %K Cyclonic Storms %K Floods %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Humans %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Silicones %X

Hurricane Harvey was associated with flood-related damage to chemical plants and oil refineries, and the flooding of hazardous waste sites, including 13 Superfund sites. As clean-up efforts began, concerns were raised regarding the human health impact of possible increased chemical exposure resulting from the hurricane and subsequent flooding. Personal sampling devices in the form of silicone wristbands were deployed to a longitudinal panel of individuals = 99) within 45 days of the hurricane and again one year later in the Houston metropolitan area. Using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, each wristband was screened for 1500 chemicals and analyzed for 63 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Chemical exposure levels found on the wristbands were generally higher post-Hurricane Harvey. In the 1500 screen, 188 chemicals were detected, 29 were detected in at least 30% of the study population, and of those, 79% ( = 23) were found in significantly higher concentrations ( < 0.05) post-Hurricane Harvey. Similarly, in PAH analysis, 51 chemicals were detected, 31 were detected in at least 30% of the study population, and 39% ( = 12) were found at statistically higher concentrations ( < 0.05) post-Hurricane Harvey. This study indicates that there were increased levels of chemical exposure after Hurricane Harvey in the Houston metropolitan area.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 19 %8 2022 05 30 %G eng %N 11 %R 10.3390/ijerph19116670 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2022 %T Chemical exposures assessed via silicone wristbands and endogenous plasma metabolomics during pregnancy. %A Brett T Doherty %A McRitchie, Susan L %A Pathmasiri, Wimal W %A Stewart, Delisha A %A Kirchner, David %A Kim A Anderson %A Gui, Jiang %A Madan, Juliette C %A Hoen, Anne G %A Sumner, Susan J %A Margaret R Karagas %A Megan E Romano %K Cohort Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Metabolome %K Metabolomics %K Pregnancy %K Prospective Studies %K Silicones %X

BACKGROUND: Metabolomics is a promising method to investigate physiological effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy, with the potential to clarify toxicological mechanisms, suggest sensitive endpoints, and identify novel biomarkers of exposures.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the influence of chemical exposures on the maternal plasma metabolome during pregnancy.

METHODS: Data were obtained from participants (n = 177) in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. Chemical exposures were assessed via silicone wristbands worn for one week at ~13 gestational weeks. Metabolomic features were assessed in plasma samples obtained at ~24-28 gestational weeks via the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Associations between chemical exposures and plasma metabolomics were investigated using multivariate modeling.

RESULTS: Chemical exposures predicted 11 (of 226) and 23 (of 125) metabolomic features in Biocrates and NMR, respectively. The joint chemical exposures did not significantly predict pathway enrichment, though some individual chemicals were associated with certain amino acids and related metabolic pathways. For example, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide was associated with the amino acids glycine, L-glutamic acid, L-asparagine, and L-aspartic acid and enrichment of the ammonia recycling pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE: This study contributes evidence to the potential effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy upon the endogenous maternal plasma metabolome.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %V 32 %P 259-267 %8 2022 Mar %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1038/s41370-021-00394-6 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Comparing Structural Firefighters On and Off Duty Exposure to Xylenes %A Zachary W. Kowash %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X
a group of three isomeric volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) can come from many sources, from
petroleum and combustion, to cleaning agents and
plastics1. Chronic and acute exposure to xylenes through
multiple exposure routes has been linked to an assortment
of adverse health effects2,3,4,5,6,7,8. With a high number of
VOCs being released from structural fires, firefighters
could potentially face an occupational risk in responding to
fires due to potential acute and chronic exposure effects9.
Characterizing xylenes exposure in structural firefighters
can provide a greater understanding into the
occupational risk that xylenes pose to those who could be
exposed at a higher frequency.
%B College of Agriculture Career Fair & Student Showcase %8 10/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Citiz Sci %D 2022 %T Designing Equitable, Transparent Community-Engaged Disaster Research. %A Diana Rohlman %A Samantha Samon %A Sarah E Allan %A Michael L Barton %A Holly Dixon %A Christine C Ghetu %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Symanski, Elaine %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %X

Disaster research faces significant infrastructure challenges: regional and federal coordination, access to resources, and community collaboration. Disasters can lead to chemical exposures that potentially impact human health and cause concern in affected communities. Community-engaged research, which incorporates local knowledge and voices, is well-suited for work with communities that experience impacts of environmental exposures following disasters. We present three examples of community-engaged disaster research (CEnDR) following oil spills, hurricanes, and wildfires, and their impact on long-term social, physical, and technical community infrastructure. We highlight the following CEnDR structures: researcher/community networks; convenient research tools; adaptable data collection modalities for equitable access; and return of data.

%B Citiz Sci %V 7 %8 2022 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.5334/cstp.443 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Evaluating PAH Dermal Exposure and Turnout Gear Efficacy Using Silicone Passive Sampling %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B 35th SRP Annual Meeting %C Raleigh, NC %8 12/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2022 %T Evaluating predictive relationships between wristbands and urine for assessment of personal PAH exposure. %A Holly Dixon %A Lisa M Bramer %A Richard P Scott %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Cavalier, Haleigh M %A Diana Rohlman %A Miller, Rachel L %A Antonia M Calafat %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %X

During events like the COVID-19 pandemic or a disaster, researchers may need to switch from collecting biological samples to personal exposure samplers that are easy and safe to transport and wear, such as silicone wristbands. Previous studies have demonstrated significant correlations between urine biomarker concentrations and chemical levels in wristbands. We build upon those studies and use a novel combination of descriptive statistics and supervised statistical learning to evaluate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone wristbands and hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in urine. In New York City, 109 participants in a longitudinal birth cohort wore one wristband for 48 h and provided a spot urine sample at the end of the 48-hour period during their third trimester of pregnancy. We compared four PAHs with the corresponding seven OH-PAHs using descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and a linear discriminant analysis model. Five of the seven PAH and OH-PAH pairs had significant correlations (Pearson's r = 0.35-0.64, p ≤ 0.003) and significant chi-square tests of independence for exposure categories (p ≤ 0.009). For these five comparisons, the observed PAH or OH-PAH concentration could predict the other concentration within a factor of 1.47 for 50-80% of the measurements (depending on the pair). Prediction accuracies for high exposure categories were at least 1.5 times higher compared to accuracies based on random chance. These results demonstrate that wristbands and urine provide similar PAH exposure assessment information, which is critical for environmental health researchers looking for the flexibility to switch between biological sample and wristband collection.

%B Environ Int %V 163 %P 107226 %8 2022 Apr 04 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107226 %0 Generic %D 2022 %T Firefighter Dermal Exposure Assessment with Silicone Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SOT San Diego %8 03/2022 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2022 %T Firefighter Dermal Exposure to PAHs Assessed with Silicone Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B 43rd SETAC North America %C Pittsburg, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J PLoS One %D 2022 %T Impact of acute temperature and air pollution exposures on adult lung function: A panel study of asthmatics. %A Evoy, Richard %A Laurel D Kincl %A Diana Rohlman %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Hystad, Perry %A Bae, Harold %A Michael L Barton %A Phillips, Aaron %A Miller, Rachel L %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %K Adult %K Air Pollution %K Asthma %K Bronchodilator Agents %K Environmental Exposure %K Humans %K Lung %K Temperature %X

BACKGROUND: Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma, are particularly susceptible to adverse health effects associated with higher levels of ambient air pollution and temperature. This study evaluates whether hourly levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and dry bulb globe temperature (DBGT) are associated with the lung function of adult participants with asthma.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: Global positioning system (GPS) location, respiratory function (measured as forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1)), and self-reports of asthma medication usage and symptoms were collected as part of the Exposure, Location, and Lung Function (ELF) study. Hourly ambient PM2.5 and DBGT exposures were estimated by integrating air quality and temperature public records with time-activity patterns using GPS coordinates for each participant (n = 35). The relationships between acute PM2.5, DBGT, rescue bronchodilator use, and lung function collected in one week periods and over two seasons (summer/winter) were analyzed by multivariate regression, using different exposure time frames. In separate models, increasing levels in PM2.5, but not DBGT, were associated with rescue bronchodilator use. Conversely DBGT, but not PM2.5, had a significant association with FEV1. When DBGT and PM2.5 exposures were placed in the same model, the strongest association between cumulative PM2.5 exposures and the use of rescue bronchodilator was identified at the 0-24 hours (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.012-1.049; p-value = 0.001) and 0-48 hours (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.013-1.057; p-value = 0.001) prior to lung function measure. Conversely, DBGT exposure at 0 hours (β = 3.257; SE = 0.879; p-value>0.001) and 0-6 hours (β = 2.885; SE = 0.903; p-value = 0.001) hours before a reading were associated with FEV1. No significant interactions between DBGT and PM2.5 were observed for rescue bronchodilator use or FEV1.

CONCLUSIONS: Short-term increases in PM2.5 were associated with increased rescue bronchodilator use, while DBGT was associated with higher lung function (i.e. FEV1). Further studies are needed to continue to elucidate the mechanisms of acute exposure to PM2.5 and DBGT on lung function in asthmatics.

%B PLoS One %V 17 %P e0270412 %8 2022 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0270412 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Measuring On and Off-Duty Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B 43rd SETAC North America %C Pittsburg, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Movement of PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After Wildfires %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 43rd Annual Meeting Pittsburgh, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Phthalates and Phthalates Alternative Analysis Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for Wristband and Environmental Passive Sampling Matrices %A Caoilinn Haggerty %A Kaley A Adams %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC %8 10/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2022 %T Silicone wristbands as personal passive sampling devices: Current knowledge, recommendations for use, and future directions. %A Samantha Samon %A Stephanie C Hammel %A Heather M Stapleton %A Kim A Anderson %K Biomarkers %K Environmental Monitoring %K Knowledge %K Silicones %X

Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone wristbands have emerged as a new chemical exposure assessment tool and have since been utilized for assessing personal exposure to a wide range of chemicals in a variety of populations. Silicone wristbands can be powerful tools for quantifying personal exposure to chemical mixtures in a single sample, associating exposure with health outcomes, and potentially overcoming some of the challenges associated with quantifying the chemical exposome. However, as their popularity grows, it is crucial that they are used in the appropriate context and within the limits of the technology. This review serves as a guide for researchers interested in utilizing silicone wristbands as a personal exposure assessment tool. Along with briefly discussing the passive sampling theory behind silicone wristbands, this review performs an in-depth comparison of wristbands to other common exposure assessment tools, including biomarkers of exposure measured in biospecimens, and evaluates their utility in exposure assessments and epidemiological studies. Finally, this review includes recommendations for utilizing silicone wristbands to evaluate personal chemical exposure and provides suggestions on what research is needed to recognize silicone wristbands as a premier chemical exposure assessment tool.

%B Environ Int %V 169 %P 107339 %8 2022 Nov %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107339 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2022 %T Wildfire Impact on Indoor and Outdoor PAH Air Quality. %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Air quality impacts from wildfires are poorly understood, particularly indoors. As frequencies increase, it is important to optimize methodologies to understand and reduce chemical exposures from wildfires. Public health recommendations use air quality estimates from outdoor stationary air monitors, discounting indoor air conditions, and do not consider chemicals in the vapor phase, known to elicit adverse effects. We investigated vapor-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air before, during, and after wildfires using a community-engaged research approach. Paired passive air samplers were deployed at 15 locations across four states. Twelve unique PAHs were detected only in outdoor air during wildfires, highlighting a PAH exposure mixture for future study. Heavy-molecular-weight (HMW) outdoor PAH concentrations and average Air Quality Index (AQI) values were positively correlated ( < 0.001). Indoor PAH concentrations were higher in 77% of samples across all sampling events. Even during wildfires, 58% of sampled locations still had higher indoor PAH air concentrations. When AQI values exceeded 140 (unhealthy for sensitive groups), outdoor PAH concentrations became similar to or higher than indoors. Cancer and noncancer inhalation risk estimates from vapor-phase PAHs were higher indoors than outdoors, regardless of the wildfire impact. Consideration of indoor air quality and vapor-phase PAHs could inform public health recommendations regarding wildfires.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 2022 Jul 08 %G eng %R 10.1021/acs.est.2c00619 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T Analysis of phthalates using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and application to multiple passive sampling matrices %A Kaley A Adams %A Caoilinn Haggerty %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC %8 10/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Assessing Chemical Movement and Temporality at a Former Creosote Site %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting Portland, OR %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Assessing PAH movement %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Data Update with Oregon DEQ, Cascadia, LLC and Port of Columbia, Virtual %8 01/2021 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Determinants of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Following Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Determinants of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Following Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Determinants of exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals following Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Exploring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters Using Silicone Dog-tags as Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Structural firefighters are exposed to many potentially hazardous chemicals while on the job. In a burning building, chemicals in furniture, building materials, and home goods can be volatilized in the high heat, and pyrogenic chemicals can be formed. Adverse health outcomes observed in firefighters, such as increased incidence of various cancers and cardiovascular disease, raise concerns about these occupational exposures. This study seeks to compare chemical exposures of firefighters when on- and off-duty using silicone dog-tags worn around the neck, as passive samplers. There were 57 firefighter participants selected from two-stations in the Kansas City Metropolitan area; on average, one received fewer than two calls per month (low call volume), and the other received more than 12 calls per month (high call volume). Each firefighter wore two separate dog-tags while on- and off-duty for a total of 30 24-hour shifts. The firefighters also filled out questionnaires, indicating the number of fire attacks they participated in while wearing the tags, as well as other demographic and lifestyle information that might inform exposures. The dog-tags were extracted and analyzed using GC-MS. This presentation will focus on results for two chemical classes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). Preliminary data show that 16 different firefighters were exposed to PCBs, 12 of which were from the high call volume station. Additionally, 12 different PCB congeners were detected. It is hypothesized that chemical concentrations in paired on-duty versus off-duty tags will be higher, and that the high versus low call volume station will have greater chemical concentrations. Other questions about concentration correlation to questionnaire data, PCB sources, and potential adverse health outcomes linked to the observed exposures will also be explored. Silicone passive samplers are a useful tool in gathering data on chemical exposures of firefighters because they can mimic dermal absorption of the bioavailable phase, a particularly concerning route of exposure for firefighters. They are also easy to use and maintain, allowing for this month-long exposure study. This application of passive sampling will help us better characterize the occupational exposures of firefighters when they are on- and off-duty, and how that is impacted by station call-volume.

%B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2021 %T Firefighter exposures to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals measured by military-style silicone dog tags. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Christopher K Haddock %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Lane G Tidwell %A Emily M Bonner %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Studies suggest that exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (pEDCs) may contribute to adverse health outcomes, but pEDC exposures among firefighters have not been fully characterized. Previously, we demonstrated the military-style silicone dog tag as a personal passive sampling device for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures among structural firefighters. This follow-up analysis examined the pEDC exposures based on department call volume, duty shift, and questionnaire variables. Structural firefighters (n = 56) were from one high and one low fire call volume department (Kansas City, MO metropolitan area) and wore separate dog tags while on- and off-duty (n = 110). The targeted 1530 analyte semi-quantitative screening method was conducted using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (n = 433). A total of 47 pEDCs were detected, and several less-frequently-detected pEDCs (<75%) were more commonly detected in off- compared to on-duty dog tags (conditional logistic regression). Of the 11 phthalates and fragrances detected most frequently (>75%), off-duty pEDC concentrations were strongly correlated (r = 0.31-0.82, p < 0.05), suggesting co-applications of phthalates and fragrances in consumer products. Questionnaire variables of "regular use of conventional cleaning products" and "fireplace in the home" were associated with select elevated pEDC concentrations by duty shift (paired t-test). This suggested researchers should include detailed questions about consumer product use and home environment when examining personal pEDC exposures.

%B Environ Int %V 158 %P 106914 %8 2021 Oct 11 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106914 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health %D 2021 %T Houston hurricane Harvey health (Houston-3H) study: assessment of allergic symptoms and stress after hurricane Harvey flooding. %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Panthagani, Kristen %A Sotelo, Jesus %A Gu, Xiangjun %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Luo, Dan Na %A Kristi L Hoffman %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Symanski, Elaine %A Kim A Anderson %A Petrosino, Joseph F %A Cheryl Walker %A Melissa Bondy %X

BACKGROUND: In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey caused unprecedented flooding across the greater Houston area. Given the potential for widespread flood-related exposures, including mold and sewage, and the emotional and mental toll caused by the flooding, we sought to evaluate the short- and long-term impact of flood-related exposures on the health of Houstonians. Our objectives were to assess the association of flood-related exposures with allergic symptoms and stress among Houston-area residents at two time points: within approximately 30 days (T1) and 12 months (T2) after Hurricane Harvey's landfall.

METHODS: The Houston Hurricane Harvey Health (Houston-3H) Study enrolled a total of 347 unique participants from four sites across Harris County at two times: within approximately 1-month of Harvey (T1, n = 206) and approximately 12-months after Harvey (T2, n = 266), including 125 individuals who participated at both time points. Using a self-administered questionnaire, participants reported details on demographics, flood-related exposures, and health outcomes, including allergic symptoms and stress.

RESULTS: The majority of participants reported hurricane-related flooding in their homes at T1 (79.1%) and T2 (87.2%) and experienced at least one allergic symptom after the hurricane (79.4% at T1 and 68.4% at T2). In general, flood-exposed individuals were at increased risk of upper respiratory tract allergic symptoms, reported at both the T1 and T2 time points, with exposures to dirty water and mold associated with increased risk of multiple allergic symptoms. The mean stress score of study participants at T1 was 8.0 ± 2.1 and at T2, 5.1 ± 3.2, on a 0-10 scale. Participants who experienced specific flood-related exposures reported higher stress scores when compared with their counterparts, especially 1 year after Harvey. Also, a supplementary paired-samples analysis showed that reports of wheezing, shortness of breath, and skin rash did not change between T1 and T2, though other conditions were less commonly reported at T2.

CONCLUSION: These initial Houston-3H findings demonstrate that flooding experiences that occurred as a consequence of Hurricane Harvey had lasting impacts on the health of Houstonians up to 1 year after the hurricane.

%B Environ Health %V 20 %P 9 %8 2021 Jan 19 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12940-021-00694-2 %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Impact of Hurricane Harvey on Personal Chemical Exposure %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Impact of Hurricane Harvey on Personal Chemical Exposure %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Individual chemical exposure to environmental contaminates in Harris County, TX from baseline to post Hurricane Harvey flooding. %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T Investigation of Firefighter Exposures to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Using Silicone Dog-Tags %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Firefighters provide critical services to communities around the world despite the occupational hazards that they face. One such hazard, is exposure to a suite of chemicals released during a fire. In particular, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a concerning class of chemicals, which persist in older building materials and electrical equipment (e.g. transformers). PCBs are recognized as endocrine disruptors, carcinogens, and developmental toxicants. Furthermore, some studies have shown structural firefighters to have elevated levels of PCBs in their serum. In this study, silicone passive samplers similar to military dog-tags worn around the neck were used to measure the bioavailable fraction of PCBs firefighters were exposed to while on- and off-duty. The dog-tags were worn by firefighters for a total of 30 24- hour shifts (n=57). These firefighters were from two different stations in the Kansas City metropolitan area, one of which had fewer than two calls to respond to per month on average (low call volume), and one that had more than 12 calls per month on average (high call volume). Additional questionnaire data was collected on number of fire attacks an individual participated in, demographics, and lifestyle information that might influence chemical exposures. The dog-tags were extracted using solvent and underwent solid phase extraction prior to instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the extracts for 43 PCB congeners. PCBs were detected in sample extracts from 16 different firefighters, 12 of which were from the high call volume station. Out of 12 detected congeners, PCB 153 was the most frequently detected. Statistical analyses will be used to assess whether PCB concentrations were higher at the high versus low call volume department and while on- compared to off-duty. Finally, we will explore correlation between questionnaire data such as number of fire attacks, and firefighters’ individual PCB exposures. Although firefighters may be exposed to increased levels of PCBs in house fires, few studies have monitored these exposures. There are even fewer studies that measure dermal exposure, even though PCBs are known to be absorbed through and distributed to the skin. Given the hazards posed by PCBs, it is critical that we better understanding individual firefighters’ exposures to PCBs while on- and off-duty.

 

%B International Society of Exposure Science, Remote %8 08/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Pediatr Health Care %D 2021 %T Preschool-Age Children's Pesticide Exposures in Child Care Centers and at Home in Northern California. %A Alkon, Abbey %A Gunier, Robert B %A Hazard, Kimberly %A Castorina, Rosemary %A Peter D Hoffman %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %A Asa Bradman %X

INTRODUCTION: Young children may be exposed to pesticides used in child care centers and their family homes. We examined pesticide use and environmental and behavioral factors potentially associated with child exposures in these settings.

METHOD: Preschool-age children (n = 125) wore silicone wristbands to assess pesticide exposures in their child care centers and home environments. Information about environmental and behavioral exposure determinants was collected using parent surveys, child care director interviews, and observations.

RESULTS: Commonly detected pesticides were bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fipronil, and cis- and trans-permethrin. Pesticide chemical storage onsite, cracks in the walls, using doormats, observed pests, or evidence of pests were associated with child exposures. Exposures were higher in counties with higher agricultural or commercial pesticide use or when children lived in homes near agricultural fields.

DISCUSSION: Young children are being exposed to harmful pesticides, and interventions are needed to lower their risk of health problems later in life.

%B J Pediatr Health Care %8 2021 Oct 07 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.09.004 %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T The value of wristband data for disaster research response %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement of PAHs %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Puget Sound Toxics Workshop, Virtual %8 02/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Wildfire Impacts on Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting Portland, OR %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Assessing PAH chemical movement %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Data Update with Cascadia, LLC and Port of Columbia, Virtual %8 10/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Assessing PAH diffusive and advective flux contributions and temporality in the environment %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2020 Annual Meeting, Virtual %8 12/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Discovery of Firefighter Chemical Exposures Using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Sara A Jahnke %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B 10th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2020 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2020 %T Discovery of firefighter chemical exposures using military-style silicone dog tags. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Occupational chemical hazards in the fire service are hypothesized to play a role in increased cancer risk, and reliable sampling technologies are necessary for conducting firefighter chemical exposure assessments. This study presents the military-style dog tag as a new configuration of silicone passive sampling device to sample individual firefighters' exposures at one high and one low fire call volume department in the Kansas City, Missouri metropolitan area. The recruited firefighters (n = 56) wore separate dog tags to assess on- and off-duty exposures (n = 110), for a total of 30 24 h shifts. Using a 63 PAH method (GC-MS/MS), the tags detected 45 unique PAHs, of which 18 have not been previously reported as firefighting exposures. PAH concentrations were higher for on- compared to off-duty tags (0.25 < Cohen's d ≤ 0.80) and for the high compared to the low fire call volume department (0.25 ≤ d < 0.70). Using a 1530 analyte screening method (GC-MS), di-n-butyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, guaiacol, and DEET were commonly detected analytes. The number of fire attacks a firefighter participated in was more strongly correlated with PAH concentrations than firefighter rank or years in the fire service. This suggested that quantitative data should be employed for firefighter exposure assessments, rather than surrogate measures. Because several detected analytes are listed as possible carcinogens, future firefighter exposure studies should consider evaluating complex mixtures to assess individual health risks.

%B Environ Int %V 142 %P 105818 %8 2020 Jun 07 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105818 %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 30th Annual Meeting %D 2020 %T Individual chemical exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals during the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Mark E Peterson %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 30th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting %D 2020 %T Individual chemical exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals during the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 30th Annual Meeting %D 2020 %T Individual chemical exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals during the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 30th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 10th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Silicone Wristband Samplers Used to Evaluate Firefighter PPE Designs to Mitigate Fireground Chemical Exposures %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Stephen Kerber %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science, Remote %8 09/2020 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Air Qual Atmos Health %D 2019 %T Artificial turf: chemical flux and development of silicone wristband partitioning coefficients. %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

This work provides the first quantitative measure of flux of semi-volatile contaminants on artificial turf fields. Passive samplers were used to identify gas-phase PAHs and OPAHs not previously reported associated with artificial turf. Utilizing a broad and targeted screen, we assess both artificial turf and from crumb rubber for 1,529 chemicals, including several with known health effects including benzo[c]fluorene. We also report the presence of 25 chemicals that have not yet been reported in artificial turf literature, including some with known effects on human health. This is the first report of bioavailable gas-phase PAH and OPAH concentrations on an outdoor field, to date gas-phase concentrations have only been reported from indoor facilities. Turf air and air were highly correlated at all three sites, and particularly at the recently-installed indoor site. Finally, thermal extraction and silicone passive samplers are highly suitable for larger-scale sampling campaigns that aim for less solvent and sample processing. We demonstrate for the first time that silicone passive samplers can be used to quantify volatile and semi-volatile organic chemicals from artificial turf. Co-deploying silicone passive samplers and conventional low density polyethylene, we develop partitioning coefficients that can be used for silicone passive air sampling environmental assessment.

%B Air Qual Atmos Health %V 12 %P 597-611 %8 2019 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s11869-019-00680-1 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US. %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Environmental Public Health in the 21st Century Research Symposium, Oregon State University Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2019 %T A Case Study Describing a Community-Engaged Approach for Evaluating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in a Native American Community. %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Donatuto %A Heidt, Myk %A Michael L Barton %A Campbell, Larry %A Kim A Anderson %A Molly Kile %K Air Pollutants %K Air Pollution, Indoor %K Community Participation %K Community-Based Participatory Research %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Male %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Seasons %X

In 2015, the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) was impacted by an air toxic release from one of two nearby oil refineries. This experience motivated SITC members to learn more about their exposure to air toxics. On the invitation of SITC, this community-based study measured personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and conducted interviews with the volunteers to evaluate perceptions of the data and experience of participating. Non-smoking SITC members were recruited in March 2016 ( = 10) and January 2017 ( = 22) with seven volunteers participating both times. Volunteers wore a wristband passive sampler for 7 days and completed daily activity diaries. Wristbands were analyzed for 62 PAHs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon exact tests determined if the sum total PAHs (ΣPAH) differed by activity, proximity to the refineries, and time. Aggregated results were shared during community meetings, and volunteers received individual reports. Volunteers ( = 9) participated in individual interviews. All volunteers were exposed to different amounts and types of PAHs. Burning candles or using a wood stove and/or propane heating were associated with higher ΣPAH exposures. While ΣPAH was similar in both sampling periods, the composition of PAHs differed. More priority listed PAHs were detected in January ( = 17) versus March ( = 10). Among volunteers who participated in both sampling events, exposure to four PAHs significantly differed between seasons. Overall, volunteers reported that the study made them more aware of air pollution sources in their community. They also commented that the chemical nomenclature was difficult to understand, but appreciated the individual reports that allowed them to visually compare their data to the distribution of data collected in their community. For volunteers with lower exposures, these comparisons gave them relief. However, volunteers with higher exposures reported concern and several changed their behaviors to reduce their exposure to known PAH sources. This study provided an opportunity for SITC members to learn about their personal exposure to a class of air toxics within the context of their community. While the limitations of the study hindered the ability to identify sources of air toxics in the community, this activity appeared to raise awareness about ambient and indoor air pollution among the volunteers.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 16 %8 2019 01 24 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.3390/ijerph16030327 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health Perspect %D 2019 %T Constituents of Household Air Pollution and Risk of Lung Cancer among Never-Smoking Women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China. %A Vermeulen, Roel %A Downward, George S %A Zhang, Jinming %A Hu, Wei %A Portengen, Lützen %A Bassig, Bryan A %A Hammond, S Katharine %A Wong, Jason Y Y %A Li, Jihua %A Reiss, Boris %A He, Jun %A Tian, Linwei %A Yang, Kaiyun %A Seow, Wei Jie %A Xu, Jun %A Kim A Anderson %A Ji, Bu-Tian %A Silverman, Debra %A Chanock, Stephen %A Huang, Yunchao %A Rothman, Nathaniel %A Lan, Qing %X

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer rates among never-smoking women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan in China are among the highest in the world and have been attributed to the domestic use of smoky (bituminous) coal for heating and cooking. However, the key components of coal that drive lung cancer risk have not been identified.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the relationship between lifelong exposure to the constituents of smoky coal (and other fuel types) and lung cancer.

METHODS: Using a population-based case-control study of lung cancer among 1,015 never-smoking female cases and 485 controls, we examined the association between exposure to 43 household air pollutants and lung cancer. Pollutant predictions were derived from a comprehensive exposure assessment study, which included methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have never been directly evaluated in an epidemiological study of any cancer. Hierarchical clustering and penalized regression were applied in order to address high colinearity in exposure variables.

RESULTS: The strongest association with lung cancer was for a cluster of 25 PAHs [odds ratio (OR): 2.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67, 2.87 per 1 standard deviation (SD) change], within which 5-methylchrysene (5-MC), a mutagenic and carcinogenic PAH, had the highest individual observed OR (5.42; 95% CI: 0.94, 27.5). A positive association with nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text]) was also observed (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.49). By contrast, neither benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) nor fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) were associated with lung cancer in the multipollutant models.

CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the association between lung cancer and household air pollution (HAP) constituents estimated over the entire life course. Given the global ubiquity of coal use domestically for indoor cooking and heating and commercially for electric power generation, our study suggests that more extensive monitoring of coal combustion products, including methylated PAHs, may be warranted to more accurately assess health risks and develop prevention strategies from this exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4913.

%B Environ Health Perspect %V 127 %P 97001 %8 2019 Sep %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1289/EHP4913 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2019 %T Determinants of pesticide concentrations in silicone wristbands worn by Latina adolescent girls in a California farmworker community: The COSECHA youth participatory action study. %A Harley, Kim G %A Parra, Kimberly L %A Jose Camacho %A Asa Bradman %A Nolan, James E S %A Lessard, Chloe %A Kim A Anderson %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Richard P Scott %A Lazaro, Giselle %A Edgar Cardoso %A Daisy Gallardo %A Gunier, Robert B %X

Personal exposure to pesticides has not been well characterized, especially among adolescents. We used silicone wristbands to assess pesticide exposure in 14 to 16 year old Latina girls (N = 97) living in the agricultural Salinas Valley, California, USA and enrolled in the COSECHA (CHAMACOS of Salinas Examining Chemicals in Homes and Agriculture) Study, a youth participatory action study in an agricultural region of California. We determined pesticide concentrations (ng/g/day) in silicone wristbands worn for one week using gas chromatography electron capture detection and employed gas chromatography mass spectrometry to determine the presence or absence of over 1500 chemicals. Predictors of pesticide detections and concentrations were identified using logistic regression, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Tobit regression models. The most frequently detected pesticides in wristbands were fipronil sulfide (87%), cypermethrin (56%), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (56%), dacthal (53%), and trans-permethrin (52%). Living within 100 m of active agricultural fields, having carpeting in the home, and having an exterminator treat the home in the past six months were associated with higher odds of detecting certain pesticides. Permethrin concentrations were lower for participants who cleaned their homes daily (GM: 1.9 vs. 6.8 ng/g/day, p = 0.01). In multivariable regression models, participants with doormats in the entryway of their home had lower concentrations (p < 0.05) of cypermethrin (87%), permethrin (99%), fipronil sulfide (69%) and DDE (75%). The results suggest that both nearby agricultural pesticide use and individual behaviors are associated with pesticide exposures.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 652 %P 1022-1029 %8 2018 Oct 23 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.276 %0 Journal Article %J BMC Public Health %D 2019 %T Development of an environmental health tool linking chemical exposures, physical location and lung function. %A Diana Rohlman %A Holly Dixon %A Laurel D Kincl %A Larkin, Andrew %A Evoy, Richard %A Michael L Barton %A Phillips, Aaron %A Elena S Peterson %A Scaffidi, Christopher %A Julie Herbstman %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

BACKGROUND: A challenge in environmental health research is collecting robust data sets to facilitate comparisons between personal chemical exposures, the environment and health outcomes. To address this challenge, the Exposure, Location and lung Function (ELF) tool was designed in collaboration with communities that share environmental health concerns. These concerns centered on respiratory health and ambient air quality. The ELF collects exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), given their association with diminished lung function. Here, we describe the ELF as a novel environmental health assessment tool.

METHODS: The ELF tool collects chemical exposure for 62 PAHs using passive sampling silicone wristbands, geospatial location data and respiratory lung function measures using a paired hand-held spirometer. The ELF was tested by 10 individuals with mild to moderate asthma for 7 days. Participants wore a wristband each day to collect PAH exposure, carried a cell phone, and performed spirometry daily to collect respiratory health measures. Location data was gathered using the geospatial positioning system technology in an Android cell-phone.

RESULTS: We detected and quantified 31 PAHs across the study population. PAH exposure data showed spatial and temporal sensitivity within and between participants. Location data was used with existing datasets such as the Toxics Release Inventory and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazard Mapping System. Respiratory health outcomes were validated using criteria from the American Thoracic Society with 94% of participant data meeting standards. Finally, the ELF was used with a high degree of compliance (> 90%) by community members.

CONCLUSIONS: The ELF is a novel environmental health assessment tool that allows for personal data collection spanning chemical exposures, location and lung function measures as well as self-reported information.

%B BMC Public Health %V 19 %P 854 %8 2019 Jul 01 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12889-019-7217-z %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2019 %T Differential exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in mother-child pairs. %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Heather M Stapleton %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Burke, Kimberly %A Martinez, Rodney %A Cortes, Boris %A Nematollahi, Amy %A Evans, David %A Kim A Anderson %A Julie Herbstman %K Adult %K Child %K Child Development %K Child, Preschool %K Cohort Studies %K Dust %K Environmental Exposure %K Female %K Flame Retardants %K Humans %K Male %K Mothers %K Organophosphates %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: Humans are ubiquitously exposed to flame retardants, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), through direct contact with consumer products or exposure through household dust. Children are at increased risk because of their proximity to dust, hand-to-mouth activity, and the importance of childhood as a critical period in neurodevelopment.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify differences in exposure levels between mothers and children (three to six years of age), we analyzed urinary metabolites of OPEs. We additionally assessed the ability of silicone wristbands (measuring ambient exposure) to predict urinary metabolite concentrations.

METHODS: We selected 32 mother and child dyads from an existing cohort. Participants provided baseline urine samples and wore wristbands for one week. After the first week, they returned their wristbands and provided a second urine sample. During the second week, participants wore a second wristband that they returned at the end of week two with a third and final urine sample.

RESULTS: We found significantly higher levels of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) (p < 0.001) and lower levels of bis(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) 1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (p < 0.001) in children's urine samples compared to mothers' samples at baseline. We found that triphenylphosphate (TPHP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) measured in wristbands predicted their respective metabolite levels in urine.

CONCLUSION: Children had higher levels than mothers for two of six flame retardant metabolites measured in urine. Generally, wristband measurements positively predicted internal dose. As little is known about the health effects of OPEs on child development, future research is needed to determine the impact of differential exposure.

%B Chemosphere %V 219 %P 567-573 %8 2019 Mar %G eng %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.008 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Alan J Bergmann %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, OR %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J R Soc Open Sci %D 2019 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands. %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Alan J Bergmann %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A Paulik, L Blair %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

To assess differences and trends in personal chemical exposure, volunteers from 14 communities in Africa (Senegal, South Africa), North America (United States (U.S.)) and South America (Peru) wore 262 silicone wristbands. We analysed wristband extracts for 1530 unique chemicals, resulting in 400 860 chemical data points. The number of chemical detections ranged from 4 to 43 per wristband, with 191 different chemicals detected, and 1339 chemicals were not detected in any wristband. No two wristbands had identical chemical detections. We detected 13 potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in over 50% of all wristbands and found 36 chemicals in common between chemicals detected in three geographical wristband groups (Africa, North America and South America). U.S. children (less than or equal to 11 years) had the highest percentage of flame retardant detections compared with all other participants. Wristbands worn in Texas post-Hurricane Harvey had the highest mean number of chemical detections (28) compared with other study locations (10-25). Consumer product-related chemicals and phthalates were a high percentage of chemical detections across all study locations (36-53% and 18-42%, respectively). Chemical exposures varied among individuals; however, many individuals were exposed to similar chemical mixtures. Our exploratory investigation uncovered personal chemical exposure trends that can help prioritize certain mixtures and chemical classes for future studies.

%B R Soc Open Sci %V 6 %P 181836 %8 02/2019 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1098/rsos.181836 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Discovery of Firefighter chemical Exposures Using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Military Health System Research Symposium, Kissimmee, FL %8 08/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Discovery of Firefighter Chemical Exposures using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2019 %T Nicotine levels in silicone wristband samplers worn by children exposed to secondhand smoke and electronic cigarette vapor are highly correlated with child's urinary cotinine. %A Quintana, Penelope J E %A Hoh, Eunha %A Dodder, Nathan G %A Matt, Georg E %A Zakarian, Joy M %A Kim A Anderson %A Akins, Brittany %A Chu, Linda %A Hovell, Melbourne F %X

Exposure assessment in children, especially young children, presents difficulties not found with adults. Simple silicone wristbands are passive samplers that have potential applicability in exposure studies of children. We investigated the performance of silicone wristbands as personal nicotine samplers in two wristbands worn by a child (n = 31) for 7 days and for 2 days (worn day 5 to day 7). We compared levels of nicotine in wristbands with urinary cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, measured in the child's urine obtained on day 7. Children were recruited who were exposed to contaminants in tobacco smoke and/or vapor from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; commonly known as electronic cigarettes or EC) as well as children who lived in nonsmoking homes. Caregivers were interviewed to obtain reported measures of the child's exposure. Analysis was by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and isotope dilution (LC-MS/MS). The nicotine detected in the wristbands worn for 2 days was highly correlated with urinary cotinine concentration (df = 29, r = 0.741, p < 0.001), as was nicotine in wristbands worn for 7 days (df = 28, r = 0.804, p < 0.001). The 2- and 7-day wristband nicotine amounts were also significantly correlated (df = 28, r = 0.852, p < 0.001). Silicone wristbands may be a useful tool for epidemiological and intervention studies of tobacco product exposure in children.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2019 Feb 06 %G eng %R 10.1038/s41370-019-0116-7 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T NIEHS Extramural Paper of the Month: Flame retardant linked to hyperthyroidism in cats %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2019/9/papers/dert/index.htm %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2019/9/papers/dert/index.htm %0 Generic %D 2019 %T SETAC Best Student Platform Award (3rd Place): Foster (Sonny) Mayer PhD Category %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %U https://awards.setac.org/best-student-presentation/ %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Silicone Dog Tags Detect Firefighter Chemical Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Sara A Jahnke %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 9th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University, Environmental Health Science Center July Colloquium, Corvallis, OR %8 07/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Cats %K Flame Retardants %K Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers %K Hyperthyroidism %K New York %K Oregon %K Organophosphates %K Phosphates %K Silicones %X

Feline hyperthyroidism is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine-related disease among senior and geriatric housecats, but the causes remain unknown. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds with thyroid targets, such as flame retardants (FRs), may contribute to disease development. Silicone passive sampling devices, or pet tags, quantitatively assessed the bioavailable FR exposures of 78 cats (≥7 y) in New York and Oregon using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pet tags were analyzed for 36 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, six organophosphate esters (OPEs), and two alternative brominated FRs. In nonhyperthyroid cats, serum free thyroxine (fT), total T (TT), total triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were compared with FR concentrations. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) concentrations were higher in hyperthyroid pet tags in comparison to nonhyperthyroid pet tags (adjusted odds ratio, < 0.07; Mantel-Cox, < 0.02). Higher TDCIPP concentrations were associated with air freshener use in comparison to no use ( < 0.01), residences built since 2005 compared to those pre-1989 ( < 0.002), and cats preferring to spend time on upholstered furniture in comparison to no preference ( < 0.05). Higher TDCIPP concentrations were associated with higher fT and TT concentrations ( < 0.05). This study provides proof-of-concept data for the use of silicone pet tags with companion animals and further indicates that bioavailable TDCIPP exposures are associated with feline hyperthyroidism.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 53 %P 9203-9213 %8 2019 Aug 06 %G eng %N 15 %R 10.1021/acs.est.9b02226 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Artificial Turf: Chemical Flux and Development of Silicone Wristband Partitioning Coefficients %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 39th Annual Meeting, Sacremento, CA %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US. %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2018 Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA. %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing chemical exposures across diverse communities using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Alan J Bergmann %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Smith BW %A Lane G Tidwell %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, Oregon %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing Chemical Exposures Across Diverse Communities Using Silicone Wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Bergmann AJ %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B Total Exposure Health Conference, Bethesda, MD %8 09/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Bergmann AJ %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Pollut %D 2018 %T Environmental and individual PAH exposures near rural natural gas extraction. %A Paulik, L Blair %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %K Air Pollutants %K Air Pollution %K Environmental Exposure %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Linear Models %K Natural Gas %K Oil and Gas Fields %K Petroleum %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Pyrenes %K Silicones %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

Natural gas extraction (NGE) has expanded rapidly in the United States in recent years. Despite concerns, there is little information about the effects of NGE on air quality or personal exposures of people living or working nearby. Recent research suggests NGE emits polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into air. This study used low-density polyethylene passive samplers to measure concentrations of PAHs in air near active (n = 3) and proposed (n = 2) NGE sites. At each site, two concentric rings of air samplers were placed around the active or proposed well pad location. Silicone wristbands were used to assess personal PAH exposures of participants (n = 19) living or working near the sampling sites. All samples were analyzed for 62 PAHs using GC-MS/MS, and point sources were estimated using the fluoranthene/pyrene isomer ratio. ∑PAH was significantly higher in air at active NGE sites (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.01). PAHs in air were also more petrogenic (petroleum-derived) at active NGE sites. This suggests that PAH mixtures at active NGE sites may have been affected by direct emissions from petroleum sources at these sites. ∑PAH was also significantly higher in wristbands from participants who had active NGE wells on their properties than from participants who did not (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.005). There was a significant positive correlation between ∑PAH in participants' wristbands and ∑PAH in air measured closest to participants' homes or workplaces (simple linear regression, p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that living or working near an active NGE well may increase personal PAH exposure. This work also supports the utility of the silicone wristband to assess personal PAH exposure.

%B Environ Pollut %V 241 %P 397-405 %8 2018 Oct %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.010 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T A Novel Approach for Measuring Firefighter Occupational Chemical Exposures %A Lane G Tidwell %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Christopher K Haddock %E Sara A Jahnke %E Kim A Anderson %B FEMA, Assistance to Firefighters Meeting, Houston, TX %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2018 %T Pharmacokinetics of [C]-Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in humans: Impact of Co-Administration of smoked salmon and BaP dietary restriction. %A Hummel, Jessica M %A Erin Madeen %A Siddens, Lisbeth K %A Sandra Uesugi %A McQuistan, Tammie %A Kim A Anderson %A Kenneth Turteltaub %A Ted J Ognibene %A Bench, Graham %A Krueger, Sharon K %A Stuart Harris %A Jordan Smith %A Susan C Tilton %A Baird, William M %A Williams, David E %K Adult %K Aged %K Animals %K Benzo(a)pyrene %K Carbon Radioisotopes %K Carcinogens %K Cooking %K Female %K Fish Products %K Food Safety %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Salmon %K Young Adult %X

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a known human carcinogen. In non-smoking adults greater than 95% of BaP exposure is through diet. The carcinogenicity of BaP is utilized by the U.S. EPA to assess relative potency of complex PAH mixtures. PAH relative potency factors (RPFs, BaP = 1) are determined from high dose animal data. We employed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to determine pharmacokinetics of [C]-BaP in humans following dosing with 46 ng (an order of magnitude lower than human dietary daily exposure and million-fold lower than animal cancer models). To assess the impact of co-administration of food with a complex PAH mixture, humans were dosed with 46 ng of [C]-BaP with or without smoked salmon. Subjects were asked to avoid high BaP-containing diets and a 3-day dietary questionnaire given to assess dietary exposure prior to dosing and three days post-dosing with [C]-BaP. Co-administration of smoked salmon, containing a complex mixture of PAHs with an RPF of 460 ng BaP, reduced and delayed absorption. Administration of canned commercial salmon, containing very low amounts of PAHs, showed the impacts on pharmacokinetics were not due to high amounts of PAHs but rather a food matrix effect.

%B Food Chem Toxicol %V 115 %P 136-147 %8 2018 May %G eng %R 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.003 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Rapid deployment of passive sampling wristbands in response to Hurricane Harvey; Community engagement and reporting. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Holly Dixon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Michael L Barton %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Cat Tags Detect Feline Flame Retardant Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU Superfund Research Program External Advisory Council Meeting, Carson, WA %8 03/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Cat Tags Detect Feline Flame Retardant Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Joint Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science and International Society of Environmental Epidemiology, Ottawa, ON %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Dog Tags Examine Occupational Firefighter Chemical Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Total Exposure Health, Bethesda, MD %8 09/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone wristbands compared with traditional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure assessment methods %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, Oregon %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2018 %T Silicone wristbands compared with traditional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure assessment methods %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Currently there is a lack of inexpensive, easy-to-use technology to evaluate human exposure to environmental chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This is the first study in which silicone wristbands were deployed alongside two traditional personal PAH exposure assessment methods: active air monitoring with samplers (i.e., polyurethane foam (PUF) and filter) housed in backpacks, and biological sampling with urine. We demonstrate that wristbands worn for 48 h in a non-occupational setting recover semivolatile PAHs, and we compare levels of PAHs in wristbands to PAHs in PUFs-filters and to hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) biomarkers in urine. We deployed all samplers simultaneously for 48 h on 22 pregnant women in an established urban birth cohort. Each woman provided one spot urine sample at the end of the 48-h period. Wristbands recovered PAHs with similar detection frequencies to PUFs-filters. Of the 62 PAHs tested for in the 22 wristbands, 51 PAHs were detected in at least one wristband. In this cohort of pregnant women, we found more significant correlations between OH-PAHs and PAHs in wristbands than between OH-PAHs and PAHs in PUFs-filters. Only two comparisons between PAHs in PUFs-filters and OH-PAHs correlated significantly (r = 0.53 and p = 0.01; r = 0.44 and p = 0.04), whereas six comparisons between PAHs in wristbands and OH-PAHs correlated significantly (r = 0.44 to 0.76 and p = 0.04 to <0.0001). These results support the utility of wristbands as a biologically relevant exposure assessment tool which can be easily integrated into environmental health studies. Graphical abstract PAHs detected in samples collected from urban pregnant women.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %8 04/2018 %G eng %R 10.1007/s00216-018-0992-z %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Wearable Silicone Passive Sampling Devices Explore Flame Retardant Exposures in Hyperthyroid Housecat Case-Control Study %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Joint Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science and International Society of Environmental Epidemiology, Ottawa, ON %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Wearable Silicone Passive Sampling Devices Reveal Flame Retardant Exposures in Case-Control Housecat Study %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day %C Corvallis, OR %8 01/2017 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Annu Rev Public Health %D 2017 %T Assessing the Exposome with External Measures: Commentary on the State of the Science and Research Recommendations. %A Turner, Michelle C %A Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark %A Kim A Anderson %A Balshaw, David %A Cui, Yuxia %A Dunton, Genevieve %A Hoppin, Jane A %A Koutrakis, Petros %A Jerrett, Michael %X

The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information systems; remote sensing; global positioning system and geolocation technologies; portable and personal sensing, including smartphone-based sensors and assessments; and self-reported questionnaire assessments, which increasingly rely on Internet-based platforms. We also discuss priority research needs related to methodological and technological improvement, data analysis and interpretation, data sharing, and other practical considerations, including improved assessment of exposure variability as well as exposure in multiple, critical life stages.

%B Annu Rev Public Health %V 38 %P 215-239 %8 2017 Mar 20 %G eng %R 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012802 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2017 %T Preparation and performance features of wristband samplers and considerations for chemical exposure assessment. %A Kim A Anderson %A Points, Gary L %A Carey E Donald %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Julie Herbstman %A Steven G O'Connell %X

Wristbands are increasingly used for assessing personal chemical exposures. Unlike some exposure assessment tools, guidelines for wristbands, such as preparation, applicable chemicals, and transport and storage logistics, are lacking. We tested the wristband's capacity to capture and retain 148 chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The chemicals span a wide range of physical-chemical properties, with log octanol-air partitioning coefficients from 2.1 to 13.7. All chemicals were quantitatively and precisely recovered from initial exposures, averaging 102% recovery with relative SD ≤21%. In simulated transport conditions at +30 °C, SVOCs were stable up to 1 month (average: 104%) and VOC levels were unchanged (average: 99%) for 7 days. During long-term storage at -20 °C up to 3 (VOCs) or 6 months (SVOCs), all chemical levels were stable from chemical degradation or diffusional losses, averaging 110%. Applying a paired wristband/active sampler study with human participants, the first estimates of wristband-air partitioning coefficients for PAHs are presented to aid in environmental air concentration estimates. Extrapolation of these stability results to other chemicals within the same physical-chemical parameters is expected to yield similar results. As we better define wristband characteristics, wristbands can be better integrated in exposure science and epidemiological studies.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 26 July 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.9.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2017 Jul 26 %G eng %R 10.1038/jes.2017.9 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Environmental Health %D 2017 %T Response, Recovery, and Resilience to Oil Spills and Environmental Disasters: Exploration and Use of Novel Approaches to Enhance Community Resilience %A Reams, Margaret %E Harding, Anna %E Subra, Wilma %E Lam, Nina %E Steven G O'Connell %E Kim A Anderson %B Journal of Environmental Health %V 80 %8 09/2017 %G eng %& 8 %0 Journal Article %J Crop Science %D 2016 %T An alternative method to produce shikimic acid chemical feedstock by applying glyphosate to forage crops %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Rooney, Nathan %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %B Crop Science %V TBD %8 11/2016 %G eng %N TBD %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS 50th Anniversary FEST, Durham, North Carolina %8 2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T Completing the Link between Exposure Science and Toxicology for Improved Environmental Health Decision Making: The Aggregate Exposure Pathway Framework. %A JG Teeguarden %A Tan, Yu-Mei %A Edwards, Stephen W %A Leonard, Jeremy A %A Kim A Anderson %A Corley, Richard A %A Molly Kile %A Staci M Simonich %A Stone, David %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Katrina M Waters %A Harper, Stacey L %A Williams, David E %X

Driven by major scientific advances in analytical methods, biomonitoring, computation, and a newly articulated vision for a greater impact in public health, the field of exposure science is undergoing a rapid transition from a field of observation to a field of prediction. Deployment of an organizational and predictive framework for exposure science analogous to the "systems approaches" used in the biological sciences is a necessary step in this evolution. Here we propose the aggregate exposure pathway (AEP) concept as the natural and complementary companion in the exposure sciences to the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept in the toxicological sciences. Aggregate exposure pathways offer an intuitive framework to organize exposure data within individual units of prediction common to the field, setting the stage for exposure forecasting. Looking farther ahead, we envision direct linkages between aggregate exposure pathways and adverse outcome pathways, completing the source to outcome continuum for more meaningful integration of exposure assessment and hazard identification. Together, the two frameworks form and inform a decision-making framework with the flexibility for risk-based, hazard-based, or exposure-based decision making.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 4579-86 %8 05/2016 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1021/acs.est.5b05311 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Extraction into Air. %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %X

Natural gas extraction, often referred to as "fracking", has increased rapidly in the United States in recent years. To address potential health impacts, passive air samplers were deployed in a rural community heavily affected by the natural gas boom. Samplers were analyzed for 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were grouped based on distance from each sampler to the nearest active well. Levels of benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, and carcinogenic potency of PAH mixtures were highest when samplers were closest to active wells. PAH levels closest to natural gas activity were comparable to levels previously reported in rural areas in winter. Sourcing ratios indicated that PAHs were predominantly petrogenic, suggesting that PAH levels were influenced by direct releases from the earth. Quantitative human health risk assessment estimated the excess lifetime cancer risks associated with exposure to the measured PAHs. At sites closest to active wells, the risk estimated for maximum residential exposure was 0.04 in a million, which is below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acceptable risk level. Overall, risk estimates decreased 30% when comparing results from samplers closest to active wells to those farthest from them. This work suggests that natural gas extraction is contributing PAHs to the air, at levels that would not be expected to increase cancer risk.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 7921-9 %8 07/2016 %G eng %N 14 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b02762 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes. %A Stephanie C Hammel %A Hoffman, Kate %A Webster, Thomas F %A Kim A Anderson %A Heather M Stapleton %X

Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are widely used as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in consumer products. With high detection in indoor environments and increasing toxicological evidence suggesting a potential for adverse health effects, there is a growing need for reliable exposure metrics to examine individual exposures to PFRs. Silicone wristbands have been used as passive air samplers for quantifying exposure in the general population and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we investigated the utility of silicone wristbands in measuring exposure and internal dose of PFRs through measurement of urinary metabolite concentrations. Wristbands were also compared to hand wipes as metrics of exposure. Participants wore wristbands for 5 consecutive days and collected first morning void urine samples on 3 alternating days. Urine samples were pooled across 3 days and analyzed for metabolites of the following PFRs: tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and monosubstituted isopropylated triaryl phosphate (mono-ITP). All four PFRs and their urinary metabolites were ubiquitously detected. Correlations between TDCIPP and TCIPP and their corresponding urinary metabolites were highly significant on the wristbands (rs = 0.5-0.65, p < 0.001), which suggest that wristbands can serve as strong predictors of cumulative, 5-day exposure and may be an improved metric compared to hand wipes.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 4483-91 %8 04/2016 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b00030 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Movement of PAHs emitted from natural gas extraction wells %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, The Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T PAH and OPAH Flux during the Deepwater Horizon Incident. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure air vapor and water dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites prior to, during and after shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). Measurements were taken at each site over a 13 month period, and flux across the water-air boundary was determined. This is the first report of vapor phase and diffusive flux of both PAHs and OPAHs during the DWH. Vapor phase sum PAH and OPAH concentrations ranged between 6.6 and 210 ng/m(3) and 0.02 and 34 ng/m(3) respectively. PAH and OPAH concentrations in air exhibited different spatial and temporal trends than in water, and air-water flux of 13 individual PAHs was shown to be at least partially influenced by the DWH incident. The largest PAH volatilizations occurred at the sites in Alabama and Mississippi at nominal rates of 56 000 and 42 000 ng/m(2) day(-1) in the summer. Naphthalene was the PAH with the highest observed volatilization rate of 52 000 ng/m(2) day(-1) in June 2010. This work represents additional evidence of the DWH incident contributing to air contamination, and provides one of the first quantitative air-water chemical flux determinations with passive sampling technology.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 7489-97 %8 07/2016 %G eng %N 14 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b02784 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Passive wristband samplers assess individual PAH exposure near natural gas extraction %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, The Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Personal exposure to PAHs near natural gas extraction %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 37th Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, United States %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Silicone wristbands detect individuals' pesticide exposures in West Africa %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society for Exposure Science Annual Meeting, Utrecht, the Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J R Soc Open Sci %D 2016 %T Silicone wristbands detect individuals' pesticide exposures in West Africa. %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %X

We detected between 2 and 10 pesticides per person with novel sampling devices worn by 35 participants who were actively engaged in farming in Diender, Senegal. Participants were recruited to wear silicone wristbands for each of two separate periods of up to 5 days. Pesticide exposure profiles were highly individualized with only limited associations with demographic data. Using a 63-pesticide dual-column gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) method, we detected pyrethoid insecticides most frequently, followed by organophosphate pesticides which have been linked to adverse health outcomes. This work provides the first report of individualized exposure profiles among smallholder farmers in West Africa, where logistical and practical constraints have prevented the use of more traditional approaches to exposure assessment in the past. The wristbands and associated analytical method enabled detection of a broad range of agricultural, domestic, legacy and current-use pesticides, including esfenvalerate, cypermethrin, lindane, DDT and chlorpyrifos. Participants reported the use of 13 pesticide active ingredients while wearing wristbands. All six of the pesticides that were both reportedly used and included in the analytical method were detected in at least one wristband. An additional 19 pesticide compounds were detected beyond those that were reported to be in use, highlighting the importance of measuring exposure in addition to collecting surveys and self-reported use records. The wristband method is a candidate for more widespread use in pesticide exposure and health monitoring, and in the development of evidence-based policies for human health protection in an area where food security concerns are likely to intensify agricultural production and pesticide use in the near future.

%B R Soc Open Sci %V 3 %P 160433 %8 08/2016 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1098/rsos.160433 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Toxicity in zebrafish of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures exposed to terrestrially-appropriate UV-radiation. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2016 Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA %8 11/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Pollut Res Int %D 2016 %T Transport stability of pesticides and PAHs sequestered in polyethylene passive sampling devices. %A Carey E Donald %A Elie, Marc R %A Brian W Smith %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Research using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers has steadily increased over the past two decades. However, such research efforts remain hampered because of strict guidelines, requiring that these samplers be quickly transported in airtight metal or glass containers or foil wrapped on ice. We investigate the transport stability of model pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with varying physicochemical properties using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bags instead. Transport scenarios were simulated with transport times up to 14 days with temperatures ranging between -20 and 35 °C. Our findings show that concentrations of all model compounds examined were stable for all transport conditions tested, with mean recoveries ranging from 88 to 113 %. Furthermore, PTFE bags proved beneficial as reusable, lightweight, low-volume, low-cost alternatives to conventional containers. This documentation of stability will allow for more flexible transportation of LDPE passive samplers in an expanding range of research applications while maintaining experimental rigor.

%B Environ Sci Pollut Res Int %8 03/2016 %G eng %R 10.1007/s11356-016-6453-3 %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Can passive sediment samplers predict clam contamination? %A LB Paulik %A Jamie Donatuto %A Christine Woodward %A Molly Kile %A Harding, A %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU Superfund Research Program Tribal-University Collaborations' Community Engagement Core Advisory Committee Meeting, Portland, OR %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Justice %D 2015 %T A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health. %A Diana Rohlman %A Syron, Laura %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %A Scaffidi, Christopher %A Sudakin, Daniel %A Katrina M Waters %A Erin N Haynes %A Arkin, Lisa %A Feezel, Paul %A Laurel D Kincl %X

In west Eugene (Oregon), community research indicates residents are disproportionately exposed to industrial air pollution and exhibit increased asthma incidence. In Carroll County (Ohio), recent increases in unconventional natural gas drilling sparked air quality concerns. These community concerns led to the development of a prototype mobile device to measure personal chemical exposure, location, and respiratory function. Working directly with the environmental justice (EJ) communities, the prototype was developed to 1) meet the needs of the community and 2) evaluate the use in EJ communities. The prototype was evaluated in three community focus groups (n = 25) to obtain feedback on the prototype and feasibility study design to evaluate the efficacy of the device to address community concerns. Focus groups were recorded and qualitatively analyzed with discrete feedback tabulated for further refinement. The prototype was improved by community feedback resulting in eight alterations/additions to software and instructional materials. Overall, focus group participants were supportive of the device and believed it would be a useful environmental health tool. The use of focus groups ensured that community members were engaged in the research design and development of a novel environmental health tool. We found that community-based research strategies resulted in a refined device as well as relevant research questions, specific to the EJ community needs and concerns.

%B Environ Justice %V 8 %P 126-134 %8 2015 Aug 01 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1089/env.2015.0001 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Development of an online platform to promote environmental public health within citizen scientists %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Michael L Barton %A Josh A Willmarth %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Disasters and Emerging Environmental Threats %A Miller, A %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Lefthand-Begay, C %A O’Fallon, L %A Kwok, R %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Am Soc Mass Spectrom %D 2015 %T Electron Capture Dissociation of Sodium-Adducted Peptides on a Modified Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer. %A Voinov, Valery G %A Peter D Hoffman %A Bennett, Samuel E %A Beckman, Joseph S %A Barofsky, Douglas F %K Amino Acid Sequence %K Electrons %K Equipment Design %K Mass Spectrometry %K Models, Molecular %K Peptides %K Sodium %X

Electron capture dissociation (ECD), which generally preserves the position of labile post-translational modifications, can be a powerful method for de novo sequencing of proteins and peptides. In this report, ECD product-ion mass spectra of singly and doubly sodiated, nonphosphorylated, and phosphorylated peptides are presented and compared with the ECD mass spectra of their protonated counterparts. ECD of doubly charged, singly sodiated peptides yielded essentially the same sequence information as was produced by the corresponding doubly protonated peptides. The presence of several sodium binding sites on the polypeptide backbone, however, resulted in more complicated spectra. This situation is aggravated by the zwitterionic equilibrium of the free acid peptide precursors. The product-ion spectra of doubly and triply charged peptides possessing two sodium ions were further complicated by the existence of isomers created by the differential distribution of sodium binding sites. Triply charged, phosphorylated precursors containing one sodium, wherein the sodium is attached exclusively to the PO4 group, were found to be as useful for sequence analysis as the fully protonated species. Although sodium adducts are generally minimized during sample preparation, it appears that they can nonetheless provide useful sequence information. Additionally, they enable straightforward identification of a peptide's charge state, even on low-resolution instruments. The experiments were carried out using a radio frequency-free electromagnetostatic cell retrofitted into the collision-induced dissociation (CID) section of a hybrid quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.

%B J Am Soc Mass Spectrom %V 26 %P 2096-104 %8 2015 Dec %G eng %N 12 %R 10.1007/s13361-015-1230-y %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Engaging rural citizen scientists to explore impacts of fracking on ambient air %A Diana Rohlman %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %A LB Paulik %A Feezel, P. %A Laurel D Kincl %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Engaging Rural Citizens to Answer Questions about Air Quality %A Diana Rohlman %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Elam, S. %A LB Paulik %B Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA %8 03/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Environmental Preparedness and Resilience Empowering People: Personal Wristband Sampling Nexus %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Josh A Willmarth %A Michael L Barton %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T EPREP: Environmental Preparedness and Resilience Empowering People %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Michael L Barton %A Josh A Willmarth %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %B 2015 Citizen Science Meeting. San Jose, CA %8 02/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Impact of natural gas extraction on PAH levels in ambient air %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC Europe 25th Annual Meeting, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain %8 05/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2015 %T Impact of natural gas extraction on PAH levels in ambient air. %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %X

Natural gas extraction, often referred to as "fracking," has increased rapidly in the U.S. in recent years. To address potential health impacts, passive air samplers were deployed in a rural community heavily affected by the natural gas boom. Samplers were analyzed for 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were grouped based on distance from each sampler to the nearest active well. PAH levels were highest when samplers were closest to active wells. Additionally, PAH levels closest to natural gas activity were an order of magnitude higher than levels previously reported in rural areas. Sourcing ratios indicate that PAHs were predominantly petrogenic, suggesting that elevated PAH levels were influenced by direct releases from the earth. Quantitative human health risk assessment estimated the excess lifetime cancer risks associated with exposure to the measured PAHs. Closest to active wells, the risk estimated for maximum residential exposure was 2.9 in 10,000, which is above the U.S. EPA's acceptable risk level. Overall, risk estimates decreased 30% when comparing results from samplers closest to active wells to those farthest. This work suggests that natural gas extraction may be contributing significantly to PAHs in air, at levels that are relevant to human health.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 49 %P 5203-5210 %8 03/2015 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1021/es506095e %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Chemical Exposure, Location and Respiratory Health Robustness and Comparisons with Conventional Technologies %A Kim A Anderson %A Holly Dixon %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Scaffidi, Chris %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Laurel D Kincl %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Chromatogr A %D 2015 %T Modified ion source triple quadrupole mass spectrometer gas chromatograph for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analyses. %A Kim A Anderson %A Szelewski, Michael J %A Glenn R Wilson %A Quimby, Bruce D %A Peter D Hoffman %X

We describe modified gas chromatography electron-impact/triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS/MS) utilizing a newly developed hydrogen-injected self-cleaning ion source and modified 9mm extractor lens. This instrument, with optimized parameters, achieves quantitative separation of 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Existing methods historically limited rigorous identification and quantification to a small subset, such as the 16 PAHs the US EPA has defined as priority pollutants. Without the critical source and extractor lens modifications, the off-the-shelf GC-EI/MS/MS system was unsuitable for complex PAH analysis. Separations were enhanced by increased gas flow, a complex GC temperature profile incorporating multiple isothermal periods, specific ramp rates, and a PAH-optimized column. Typical determinations with our refined GC-EI/MS/MS have a large linear range of 1-10,000pgμl(-1) and detection limits of <2pgμl(-1). Included in the 62 PAHs, multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode enabled GC-EI/MS/MS identification and quantitation of several constituents of the MW 302 PAH isomers. Using calibration standards, values determined were within 5% of true values over many months. Standard curve r(2) values were typically >0.998, exceptional for compounds which are archetypally difficult. With this method benzo[a]fluorene, benzo[b]fluorene, benzo[c]fluorene were fully separated as was benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[j]fluoranthene. Chrysene and triphenylene, were sufficiently separated to allow accurate quantitation. Mean limits of detection (LODs) across all PAHs were 1.02±0.84pgμl(-1) with indeno[1,2,3-c,d] pyrene having the lowest LOD at 0.26pgμl(-1) and only two analytes above 2.0pgμl(-1); acenaphthalene (2.33pgμl(-1)) and dibenzo[a,e]pyrene (6.44pgμl(-1)).

%B J Chromatogr A %V 1419 %P 89-98 %8 09/2015 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.054 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T The nexus of citizen science: Integrating community needs and interests %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Josh A Willmarth %A Michael L Barton %A Laurel D Kincl %B EHS Center Meeting. Tucson, AZ %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2015 %T Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and Oxygenated PAH (OPAH) Air-Water Exchange during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure air vapor and water dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites prior to, during, and after shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). Measurements were taken at each site over a 13 month period, and flux across the water-air boundary was determined. This is the first report of vapor phase and flux of both PAHs and OPAHs during the DWH. Vapor phase sum PAH and OPAH concentrations ranged between 1 and 24 ng/m(3) and 0.3 and 27 ng/m(3), respectively. PAH and OPAH concentrations in air exhibited different spatial and temporal trends than in water, and air-water flux of 13 individual PAHs were strongly associated with the DWH incident. The largest PAH volatilizations occurred at the sites in Alabama and Mississippi in the summer, each nominally 10 000 ng/m(2)/day. Acenaphthene was the PAH with the highest observed volatilization rate of 6800 ng/m(2)/day in September 2010. This work represents additional evidence of the DWH incident contributing to air contamination, and provides one of the first quantitative air-water chemical flux determinations with passive sampling technology.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 49 %P 141-9 %8 1/2015 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1021/es503827y %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Silicone wristbands detect an individual's pesticide exposures in Africa %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Transforming Epidemiological Studies: Using Passive Wristband Samplers to Measure Environmental Contaminant Exposure %A Holly Dixon %A Laurel D Kincl %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T UV-induced degradation of complex polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures under accurately emulated terrestrial conditions. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T What’s in the air? Using passive sampling to study fracking %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day 2015 %8 01/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Pollut %D 2014 %T Bioaccessibility of metals in alloys: evaluation of three surrogate biofluids. %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Kim A Anderson %K Alloys %K Body Fluids %K Hazardous Substances %K Humans %K Metals %K Models, Biological %K Models, Chemical %K Solubility %X

Bioaccessibility in vitro tests measure the solubility of materials in surrogate biofluids. However, the lack of uniform methods and the effects of variable test parameters on material solubility limit interpretation. One aim of this study was to measure and compare bioaccessibility of selected economically important alloys and metals in surrogate physiologically based biofluids representing oral, inhalation and dermal exposures. A second aim was to experimentally test different biofluid formulations and residence times in vitro. A third aim was evaluation of dissolution behavior of alloys with in vitro lung and dermal biofluid surrogates. This study evaluated the bioaccessibility of sixteen elements in six alloys and 3 elemental/metal powders. We found that the alloys/metals, the chemical properties of the surrogate fluid, and residence time all had major impacts on metal solubility. The large variability of bioaccessibility indicates the relevancy of assessing alloys as toxicologically distinct relative to individual metals.

%B Environ Pollut %V 185 %P 52-8 %8 02/2014 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212234?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.006 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T A Community-Based, Inter-University Collaboration: Using Focus Group Methodology within Environmental Justice Communities to Design and Test a Mobile Exposure Device %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Elam, S. %B EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Oecologia %D 2014 %T Elevational differences in trait response to UV-B radiation by long-toed salamander populations. %A Thurman, Lindsey L %A Garcia, Tiffany S %A Peter D Hoffman %K Altitude %K Animals %K Behavior, Animal %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA Damage %K Ecosystem %K Female %K Oviposition %K Stress, Physiological %K Ultraviolet Rays %K Urodela %X

Amphibian species capable of optimizing trait response to environmental stressors may develop complex strategies for defending against rapid environmental change. Trait responses may differ between populations, particularly if stressor strength varies across spatial or temporal gradients. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is one such stressor that poses a significant threat to amphibian species. We examined the ability of long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) at high- and low-elevation breeding sites to cooperatively employ behavioral and physiological trait responses to mediate UV-B damage. We performed a microhabitat survey to examine differences in oviposition behavior and UV-B conditions among breeding populations at high- (n = 3; >1,500 m) and low-elevation (n = 3; <100 m) sites. We found significant differences in oviposition behavior across populations, with females at high-elevation sites selecting oviposition substrates in UV-B protected microhabitats. We also collected eggs (n = 633) from each of the breeding sites for analysis of photolyase activity, a photoreactivating enzyme that repairs UV-B damage to the DNA, using a photoproduct immunoassay. Our results revealed no significant differences in photolyase activity between long-toed salamander populations at high and low elevations. For high-elevation salamander populations, relatively low physiological repair capabilities in embryos appear to be buffered by extensive behavioral modifications to reduce UV-B exposure and standardize developmental temperatures. This study provides valuable insight into environmental stress responses via the assessment of multiple traits in allowing sensitive species to persist in rapidly changing landscapes.

%B Oecologia %V 175 %P 835-45 %8 2014 Jul %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1007/s00442-014-2957-z %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Evolution of a robust tribal-university research partnership to investigate tribal exposures and build scientific capacity %A Diana Rohlman %A Harper, Barbara %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Staci M Simonich %B Oral presentation at the Contemporary Northwest Tribal Health Conference, Portland, OR %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Evolution of a robust tribal-university research partnership to investigate tribal exposures and build scientific capacity %A Diana Rohlman %A Harper, Barbara %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Staci M Simonich %B Oral presentation at the 6th Annual Northwest Environmental Health Conference, Portland, OR %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Impact of Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling on Air Quality in Easter Ohio: A Collaborative Supplement between the University of Cincinnati and Oregon State University %A Erin N Haynes %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %A Diana Rohlman %A Elam, S. %A Feezel, P. %A Kuhnell, P. %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Lane G Tidwell %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Alden, J. %A Brown, D. %B EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA. %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Improving techniques for estimating butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea) contamination in the Salish Sea %A LB Paulik %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Donatuto %A Christine Woodward %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Harding, Anna %B Samish Indian Nation Department of Natural Resources-Fidalgo Bay Science Conference, Anacortes, WA %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Inter-Laboratory Validation of Bioaccessibility Test for Metals %A Henderson, R %A Verougstraete, V %A Kim A Anderson %A Arbildua, J.J. %A Brock, T.O. %A Brouwers, T. %A Cappellini, D %A Delbeke, K. %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Regul Toxicol Pharmacol %D 2014 %T Inter-laboratory validation of bioaccessibility testing for metals. %A Henderson, Rayetta G %A Verougstraete, Violaine %A Kim A Anderson %A Arbildua, José J %A Brock, Thomas O %A Brouwers, Tony %A Cappellini, Danielle %A Delbeke, Katrien %A Herting, Gunilla %A Hixon, Greg %A Odnevall Wallinder, Inger %A Rodriguez, Patricio H %A Van Assche, Frank %A Wilrich, Peter %A Oller, Adriana R %X

Bioelution assays are fast, simple alternatives to in vivo testing. In this study, the intra- and inter-laboratory variability in bioaccessibility data generated by bioelution tests were evaluated in synthetic fluids relevant to oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure. Using one defined protocol, five laboratories measured metal release from cobalt oxide, cobalt powder, copper concentrate, Inconel alloy, leaded brass alloy, and nickel sulfate hexahydrate. Standard deviations of repeatability (sr) and reproducibility (sR) were used to evaluate the intra- and inter-laboratory variability, respectively. Examination of the sR:sr ratios demonstrated that, while gastric and lysosomal fluids had reasonably good reproducibility, other fluids did not show as good concordance between laboratories. Relative standard deviation (RSD) analysis showed more favorable reproducibility outcomes for some data sets; overall results varied more between- than within-laboratories. RSD analysis of sr showed good within-laboratory variability for all conditions except some metals in interstitial fluid. In general, these findings indicate that absolute bioaccessibility results in some biological fluids may vary between different laboratories. However, for most applications, measures of relative bioaccessibility are needed, diminishing the requirement for high inter-laboratory reproducibility in absolute metal releases. The inter-laboratory exercise suggests that the degrees of freedom within the protocol need to be addressed.

%B Regul Toxicol Pharmacol %V 70 %P 170-81 %8 10/2014 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.021 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T The Mobile Exposure Device: a Personal Sampling Nexus for Exposure Monitoring %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Richard P Scott %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Scaffidi, Chris %A Elena S Peterson %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Epidemiological studies linking environmental exposures to health outcomes have been criticized for the lack of personal exposure data. The mobile exposure device (MED) is integrated personal environmental exposure tools coupled with software which links health data to location and chemical exposure. The MED combines a wristband passive sampling device with a smart phone application and biometric equipment providing a holistic tool to capture uniquely linked environmental-health information.  Silicone passive sampling wristbands sequester organic compounds while a cell phone application captures geographic location of study participants. Users were prompted to test lung function with a spirometer three times daily to identify variation in lung function throughout a typical daily routine.  Wristbands were worn daily then mailed to the laboratory, extracted, and analyzed for over 1,200 organic compounds including PAHs, OPAHs, PCBs, pesticides, flame retardants and industrial chemicals. Data is transmitted securely from a laboratory information management system and the smart phone app to a secure server through web services and integrated in order to discover statistical relationships among air pollutants, locations, and lung function. The MED was developed and tested in two different exposure scenarios, one community in Oregon with proximity to intense industrial activity, and another community in Ohio near unconventional natural gas drilling operations. Focus group meetings were employed in both communities to further enhance and optimize the MED. Early beta testing resulted in a daily accumulation of over 600,000 data points including geographic location, lung function, and chemical observations for each participant. The MED coupled with data integration and visualization techniques will enable researchers  to gain new insights and investigate new connections, while allowing communities to see their data in more intuitive ways.

%B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 34th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Passive Sampling Devices Enable Capacity Building and Characterization of Bioavailable Mixtures along the Niger, Senegal and Bani Rivers of Africa %A Kim A Anderson %A Seck, Dogo %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Traore, AN %A McCartney, Melissa A %A Ndaye, A %A Norman D Forsberg %A Gregory J Sower %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci %D 2014 %T Passive sampling devices enable capacity building and characterization of bioavailable pesticide along the Niger, Senegal and Bani Rivers of Africa. %A Kim A Anderson %A Seck, Dogo %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Traore, Anna Ndiaye %A McCartney, Melissa A %A Ndaye, Adama %A Norman D Forsberg %A Gregory J Sower %X

It is difficult to assess pollution in remote areas of less-developed regions owing to the limited availability of energy, equipment, technology, trained personnel and other key resources. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) are technologically simple analytical tools that sequester and concentrate bioavailable organic contaminants from the environment. Scientists from Oregon State University and the Centre Régional de Recherches en Ecotoxicologie et de Sécurité Environnementale (CERES) in Senegal developed a partnership to build capacity at CERES and to develop a pesticide-monitoring project using PSDs. This engagement resulted in the development of a dynamic training process applicable to capacity-building programmes. The project culminated in a field and laboratory study where paired PSD samples were simultaneously analysed in African and US laboratories with quality control evaluation and traceability. The joint study included sampling from 63 sites across six western African countries, generating a 9000 data point pesticide database with virtual access to all study participants.

%B Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci %V 369 %P 20130110 %8 04/2014 %G eng %N 1639 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24535398?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1098/rstb.2013.0110 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Reporting air quality data to a rural Appalachian community concerned about unconventional natural gas drilling %A Diana Rohlman %A Elam, S. %A LB Paulik %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Laurel D Kincl %B Partnerships for Environmental Public Health Meeting. Research Triangle Park, NC %8 09/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Stainless Steel Leaches Nickel and Chromium into Foods During Cooking. %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T What's in the air? Using passive sampling to study fracking %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 34th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada %C Vancouver, BC, Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Air – Water Exchange of PAH during the DWH Incident %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Corvallis Oregon %8 09/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Exchange of PAHs and OPAHs Accross the Air-Water Boundry during the DWH Oil Spill %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 34th Annual Conference, Nashville, TN, USA. %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Passive Sampling and Online Systems Offer Citizen Scientists the Ability to Monitor Their Exposure in the Event of a Disaster %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Elena S Peterson %A Michael L Barton %A Josh A Willmarth %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 34th Annual Conference, Nashville, TN, USA %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2013 %T Stainless steel leaches nickel and chromium into foods during cooking. %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %X

Toxicological studies show that oral doses of nickel and chromium can cause cutaneous adverse reactions such as dermatitis. Additional dietary sources, such as leaching from stainless steel cookware during food preparation, are not well characterized. This study examined stainless steel grades, cooking time, repetitive cooking cycles, and multiple types of tomato sauces for their effects on nickel and chromium leaching. Trials included three types of stainless steels and a stainless steel saucepan, cooking times of 2-20 h, 10 consecutive cooking cycles, and four commercial tomato sauces. After a simulated cooking process, samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for Ni and Cr. After 6 h of cooking, Ni and Cr concentrations in tomato sauce increased up to 26- and 7-fold, respectively, depending on the grade of stainless steel. Longer cooking durations resulted in additional increases in metal leaching, where Ni concentrations increased 34-fold and Cr increased approximately 35-fold from sauces cooked without stainless steel. Cooking with new stainless steel resulted in the largest increases. Metal leaching decreases with sequential cooking cycles and stabilized after the sixth cooking cycle, although significant metal contributions to foods were still observed. The tenth cooking cycle resulted in an average of 88 μg of Ni and 86 μg of Cr leached per 126 g serving of tomato sauce. Stainless steel cookware can be an overlooked source of nickel and chromium, where the contribution is dependent on stainless steel grade, cooking time, and cookware usage.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 61 %P 9495-501 %8 10/2013 %G eng %N 39 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23984718?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf402400v %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Systems & Data Management at the Environmental Health Sciences Center %A Michael L Barton %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Elena S Peterson %A Beckman, Joseph S %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %B FSES Advisory Council Meeting %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Systems & Data Management at the Environmental Health Sciences Center %A Michael L Barton %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Elena S Peterson %A Beckman, Joseph S %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %B CGRB Spring Conference %8 04/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Using PSDs to Assess Bioavailable PAHs in Traditionally Smoked Fish %A Lane G Tidwell %A Stuart Harris %A Kim A Anderson %B Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Executive Advisory Council, Pendleton,OR,USA %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Development and Validation of Complementary LCMS and GCMS Methods to Examine Oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) in Environmental Mixtures %A Steven G O'Connell %A Theodore A Haigh %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B 25th Annual Meeting of the Superfund Research Program %8 10/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Effect of Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and possible risks to human health %A Norman D Forsberg %A Stone, Dave %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardena, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B CTUIR Tribal-University Collaboration to Address Tribal Exposures to PAHs and Improve Community Health, Pendleton, OR %8 2012 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2012 %T Effect of Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and possible risks to human health. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Stone, Dave %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardenas, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although it is known that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be found in smoked meats, little is known about their prevalence in Native American smoked fish. In this work, the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and possible risks to human health has been assessed. Smoking methods considered smoking structure (tipi or shed) and wood type (apple or alder). Neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon content of 33 PAHs. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40-430 times higher than those measured in commercial products. Dietary exposure to PAHs could result in excess lifetime cancer risks between 1 × 10(-5) and 1 × 10(-4) at a daily consumption rate of 5 g d(-1) and could approach 1 × 10(-2) at 300 g d(-1). Hazard indexes approached 0.005 at 5 g d(-1), or approximately 0.3 at 300 g d(-1). Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods may pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 60 %P 6899-906 %8 07/2012 %G eng %N 27 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22690788?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf300978m %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Engagement of Native American Tribes in the characterization of novel PAH dietary exposure pathways, assessment of possible human health risks %A Norman D Forsberg %A Stone, Dave %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardenas, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although it is known that legacy toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be introduced into meats via smoke curing, little is known about their prevalence in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American smoking techniques. This work sought to characterize the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to 33 legacy and emerging substituted PAHs and identify possible risks to human health. Salmon smoking events were carried out by Tribal researchers at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation in collaboration with Oregon State University Superfund Research Program researchers. Fresh caught Chinook salmon were smoked using two commonly used smoking structures (tipi or shed) and two types of traditionally used woods (apple or alder). For the purposes of exposure pathway and risk assessment, all salmon samples were prepared as if to be eaten. Additionally, 20 non-smoked spring-run Chinook salmon were analyzed for background PAH content along with three commercially available smoked salmon. Salmon samples were subsequently analyzed for PAHs. Potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to human health were evaluated using Relative Potency Factor and Hazard Index approaches. 

Across all smoking methods, individual PAH loads ranged between < 2 – 3,800 μg/kg, where non-carcinogenic, carcinogenic, emerging, and legacy PAHs generally accounted for 95%, 5%, 20% and 80% of the total PAH load respectively. It was found that neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon PAH content. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40 – 430 times higher than PAH loads measured in fresh caught non-smoked salmon and commercial smoked salmon. Exposure to the levels of carcinogenic PAHs measured in traditionally prepared smoked salmon could result in excess life-time cancer risks between 1E-5 and 1E-4 at a daily consumption rate of 5 g/d and could approach 1E-2 at 300 g/d. Exposure to non-carcinogenic PAHs could result in hazard indexes of 0.005 at 5 g/d and approach 0.3 at 300 g/d. Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods potentially pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years. Study results were shared with the Tribes and are currently being evaluated in order to design a culturally specific Tribal message.

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Conference %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Engagement of Native American Tribes in the determination of legacy and emerging PAH dietary exposure scenarios, assessment of possible risks to human health %A Norman D Forsberg %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stone, Dave %A Cardenas, Andres %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although it is known that legacy toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be introduced into meats via smoke curing, little is known about their prevalence in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American smoking techniques. This work sought to characterize the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to 33 legacy and emerging PAHs and identify possible risks to human health. Salmon smoking events were carried out by Tribal researchers at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) in collaboration with Oregon State University Superfund Research Program (OSU SRP) researchers. Fresh caught spring-run Chinook salmon were smoked using two commonly used smoking structures (tipi or shed) and two types of traditionally used woods (apple or alder). For the purposes of exposure and risk assessment, all salmon samples were prepared as if to be eaten. Additionally, 20 non-smoked spring-run Chinook salmon were analyzed for background PAH content along with three commercially available smoked salmon. Salmon samples were subsequently analyzed for PAH content using a novel analytical approach developed and validated specifically for application in this study.

Across all smoking methods, individual PAH loads ranged between < 2 – 3,800 μg/kg, where non-carcinogenic, carcinogenic, emerging, and legacy PAHs generally accounted for 95%, 5%, 20% and 80% of the total PAH load respectively. It was found that neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon content of 33 PAHs. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40 – 430 times higher than PAH loads measured in fresh caught non-smoked salmon and commercial smoked salmon. Exposure to the levels of carcinogenic PAHs measured in traditionally prepared smoked salmon could result in excess life-time cancer risks between 1E-5 and 1E-4 at a daily consumption rate of 5 g/d and could approach 1E-2 at 300 g/d. Exposure to non-carcinogenic PAHs could result in hazard indexes of 0.005 at 5 g/d and approach 0.3 at 300 g/d. Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods potentially pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.

During the course of this study, the OSU SRP Community Engagement Core partnered with CTUIR to develop and publish a unique Material and Data sharing agreement. In accordance with the agreement, study findings were formally presented to CTUIR members and researchers on two separate occasions; once in Portland, Oregon at the Food Innovation Center and again in Pendleton, OR to the CTUIR advisory committee. Engagement of the CTUIR led to rich discussions which ultimately resulted in the development and submission of a joint publication for peer review with the American Chemical Society. Study results are currently being evaluated in order to design a culturally specific message for the Tribes.

%B Connecting Research and Practice: A Dialogue Between ATSDR and the NIEHS Superfund Research Program %8 2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Evaluating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure from traditional Native American food smoking practices %A Cardenas, Andres %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Harper, Barbara %A Stone, Dave %A Jai, Y %A Motorkyn, O %A Sandra Uesugi %A Norman D Forsberg %A Sudakin, Dan %B National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Core Centers Meeting, Boston, MA %8 2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Informing communities – a collaborative investigation of Native American PAH dietary exposure scenarios and possible risks to human health %A Norman D Forsberg %A Harding, Anna %A Stone, Dave %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardenas, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

This work sought to characterize the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and identify possible risks to human health. To this end, fresh spring-run Chinook salmon were purchased from Tribal fisherman and smoked using two commonly used smoking structures (tipi or shed) and two types of traditionally used woods (apple or alder). Salmon smoking events were carried out by Tribal researchers at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) in collaboration with Oregon State University Superfund Research Program (OSU SRP) researchers. For the purposes of exposure and risk assessment, all salmon samples were prepared as if to be eaten. Additionally, 20 non-smoked spring-run Chinook salmon were analyzed for background PAH content along with three commercially available smoked salmon.

Across all smoking methods, individual PAH loads ranged between < 2 – 3,800 μg/kg, where non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 90% and 10% of the total PAH load respectively. It was found that neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon PAH content. However, PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40 – 430 times higher than PAH loads measured in fresh caught non-smoked salmon and commercial smoked salmon. Exposure to levels of carcinogenic PAHs measured in traditionally prepared smoked salmon could result in excess lifetime cancer risks between 1E-5 and 1E-4 at a daily consumption rate of 5 g/d and could approach 1E-2 at 300 g/d. Exposure to non-carcinogenic PAHs could result in hazard indexes of 0.005 at 5 g/d and approach 0.3 at 300 g/d. PAH levels present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods potentially pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.

Study results are currently being evaluated in order to design a culturally specific message for the Tribes.

%B The 25th Annual Meeting of the Superfund Research Program %8 2012 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Lab Autom %D 2012 %T Integration of data systems and technology improves research and collaboration for a superfund research center. %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Elena S Peterson %A Michael L Barton %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %K Biostatistics %K Chemistry Techniques, Analytical %K Computational Biology %K Cooperative Behavior %K Environmental Health %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems %K Oregon %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Universities %X

Large collaborative centers are a common model for accomplishing integrated environmental health research. These centers often include various types of scientific domains (e.g., chemistry, biology, bioinformatics) that are integrated to solve some of the nation's key economic or public health concerns. The Superfund Research Center (SRP) at Oregon State University (OSU) is one such center established in 2008 to study the emerging health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons while using new technologies both in the field and laboratory. With outside collaboration at remote institutions, success for the center as a whole depends on the ability to effectively integrate data across all research projects and support cores. Therefore, the OSU SRP center developed a system that integrates environmental monitoring data with analytical chemistry data and downstream bioinformatics and statistics to enable complete "source-to-outcome" data modeling and information management. This article describes the development of this integrated information management system that includes commercial software for operational laboratory management and sample management in addition to open-source custom-built software for bioinformatics and experimental data management.

%B J Lab Autom %V 17 %P 275-83 %8 08/2012 %G eng %N 4 %1

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22651935?dopt=Abstract

%R 10.1177/2211068212448428 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Nickel Beyond Environmental Exposure: Stainless Steel Cookware's Contribution to Nickel Exposure from Cooked Foods %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %X

Environmental and occupational exposure to nickel is generally well characterized, however other potential routes of exposure,such as leaching from stainless steel cookware are not well known. Nickel occurs naturally in plants and animals, and humans are exposed to it from these dietary sources. Humans are estimated to ingest an average of 150 to 900μg of nickel per day. In 2001, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of nickel was decreased to 1000μg per day. The toxicological studies of nickel indicate that single oral doses as low as 3000μg causes allergic dermatitis. It is recommended that individuals sensitive to nickel lower their exposure. However, nickel may be introduced to the diet via leaching from stainless steel cookware into foods during cooking processes, contributing to flare-ups of allergic contact dermatitis. We tested three variables, grade of stainless steel, cook time, and repeated usage or cooking cycles, for their effects on nickel leaching from stainless steel during the process of cooking tomato sauce. Sampling involved simulated home cooking procedures with stainless steel grades equivalent to those found in cookware. After the cooking procedure samples underwent acid digestion, and analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show significant differences in nickel leaching between grades of stainless steel, indicative of the reported protective properties of the chromium oxide film in stainless steel. The amount of nickel in tomato sauce increased from 4.99mg/kg after a cook time of two hours to 7.63mg/kg after a cook time of twenty hours. The first cooking cycle showed the highest nickel concentration of 5.76mg/kg. Sequential cooking cycles with the sample stainless steel resulted in decreasing amounts nickel leached with each subsequent cooking cycle. From this set of experiments we can conclude that in addition to dietary exposures, stainless steel comparable to cookware is a source of nickel. Nickel exposure from stainless steel is variable, and dependent on grade of steel,cook time, and number of cooking cycles.

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Passive sampling devices (PSDs) and GC-MS screening tools to assess a suite of over 1,000 contaminants in agricultural areas in Western Africa %A Kevin A Hobbie %A McCartney, Melissa A %A Theodore A Haigh %A Glenn R Wilson %A Ndieye, A. %A Seck, Dogo %A Kim A Anderson %X

 

Organizations and developing countries that attempt to assess pesticides and other environmental contaminants face many challenges of how to measure them, such as, the remoteness of sites and subsequently the difficulty of transportation and stability of chemicals in samples from these sites.  The Sahel region of Western Africa has many highly engineered agriculture-based irrigated systems that generally have three cropping cycles per year.  The need to assess changes in contaminants at these sites requires tools that can characterize contaminants at high spatial and temporal resolution.  Modification of farming pest management practices face the challenge of how to measure success; how to assess the changes in bioavailability of contaminants.  They need quantitative tools that can characterize contaminants and predict their risk to local organisms and humans.  To address these issues we have further developed passive sampling devices (PSDs) that can sequester thousands of bioavailable chemicals.  These devices can help organizations and developing countries to evaluate changes in pest management that may produce or release chemicals.  PSDs can help organizers characterize exposure more accurately.  We are using PSDs to capture relevant non-polar and semi-polar pesticides and other chemicals of interest at multiple sites in Western Africa.  PSDs do not require power, transport easily and are easily extracted with organic solvent. We deployed PSDs in irrigation canals at seven agricultural sites in Senegal, Mali, and Mauritania agricultural stations. We were able to screen the PSD extracts for nearly 1,200 potential contaminants with gas chromatography mass spectrometry through the use  of libraries we have further developed based on software, including automated compiled mass spectral de-convolution and identification system libraries that contain numerous classes of chemicals of concern (pesticides, PCBs, PAHs, pharmaceuticals, industrially related chemicals, etc.). The results for all sites combined showed positive hits of six PCB congeners, 11 pesticides, 21 PAHs and two legacy pesticides including ethiolate, p’p’ DDD and its breakdown products.  Furthermore the compound pentachloroanisole a breakdown product of pentachlorophenol was detected in Mauritania. PSDs coupled with GC-MS screening tools offer a powerful technology to identify persistent organic pollutants present at agricultural sites in three countries in the Sahel region of Western Africa. 

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Solving the data integration problem for a Superfund Research Program Center %A Elena S Peterson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Michael L Barton %A Walker, Hyunjoo J. %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %B Society of Toxicology 51st Annual Meeting %C San Francisco, CA %8 2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Three Different Demonstration Applications of an Innovative Air sampling Technology to Adress Community-based Environmental Exposures: Oil Spills, Legacy and Emerging Contaminants at Community-Industry land Boundaries and Food Preparation %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jamie Donatuto %A Stuart Harris %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although communities often want and need chemical monitoring data to characterize chemicals in their environmental or from their activities, air monitoring equipment is often cost prohibitive or technically impractical.   We are further developing air monitoring bio-analytical tools that employ our passive sampling device (PSD).  PSDs require no external power, require minimal training for quality controlled sampling, and can be quickly and inexpensively deployed.  PSD are capable of providing qualitative and quantitative characterization of exposure to the bioavailable vapor phase fraction of legacy and emerging contaminants in the atmosphere. We demonstrate our PSD’s utility in three vastly different scenarios; before, during and after the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill in spring of 2010, at the interface of community tribal lands and high intensity industrial activities, and finally in Native American fish smoking activities.  Legacy and emerging PAHs were characterized for all three scenarios; analysis of PSD extracts using a 1,200 analyte screening method was also undertaken.  Acute chemical spills generally require a quick response, and often there is a significant, or unknown, exposure prior to elaborate air monitoring equipment setup.  We deployed air PSDs prior to, during and after shoreline oiling from the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida.  Emerging and legacy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified in the air PSD. PSDs were also screened for an additional 1,200 contaminants of concern.  We demonstrate the utility of the air PSD to respond to acute chemical spills, and to gather chemical data sets on a wide range of contaminants. Communities adjacent to highly industrialized lands often want to understand the contribution of contaminants of concern from industrial activities to their ambient activities.  The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) offered their lands to further test our developing air PSD technology and to address these kinds of questions.  PSD were deployed at SITC, which borders a petroleum facility, continuously for a yearlong study, from these PSD samples legacy and emerging PAHs were identified and quantified.  The results indicate spatial and temporal trends that were related to the activities of the tribal community and the petroleum facility.  While PSDs have been demonstrated as a surrogate of fish for aquatic environment assessment, atmospheric PSDs have not been previously used as a surrogate of food for preparation technique assessment.  Community-based requests often include understanding the effects of special food preparations that are culturally important.  The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) requested an assessment of their fish smoking methods.  As part of a larger study, we deployed air PSDs during the CTUIR smoking events to further evaluate the utility of using our PSD as a surrogate of smoke-processed fish.  In a side-by-side study the PSDs were paired with salmon during smoking.  PAHs were quantified from the air PSD and compared with the smoked salmon.  The results show excellent promise for an alternative method for assessing food smoking preparation techniques. Throughout these three studies the OSU SRP Research Translation and Community Engagement Cores partnered to develop culturally appropriate messages and data interpretation including workshops, print materials, brochures, and web-based information.

%B Connecting Research and Practice: A Dialogue between ATSDR and the NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Atlanta, Georgia %8 08/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Two Applications of an Innovative Air Sampling Technology to Address Community-based Environmental Exposures to Legacy and Emerging PAHs %A Lane G Tidwell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Norman D Forsberg %A Jamie Donatuto %A Stuart Harris %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although communities often want and need chemical monitoring data to characterize chemicals in their environment or from their activities, air monitoring equipment is often cost prohibitive or technically impractical. We are further developing air monitoring bio-analytical tools that employ our passive sampling device (PSD). PSDs require no external power, require minimal training for quality controlled sampling, and can be quickly and inexpensively deployed. PSDs are capable of providing qualitative and quantitative characterization of exposure to the bioavailable vapor phase fraction of legacy and emerging contaminants in the atmosphere. We demonstrate our PSD’s utility in two different scenarios; at the interface of community tribal lands and high intensity industrial activities, and in Native American fish smoking activities.  Legacy and emerging PAHs were characterized for both scenarios.

Communities adjacent to highly industrialized lands often want to understand the contribution of contaminants of concern from industrial activities to their ambient activities.  The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) offered their lands to further test our developing air PSD technology and to address these kinds of questions.  PSD were deployed at SITC, which borders a petroleum facility, for a yearlong study, from these PSD samples legacy and emerging PAHs were identified and quantified.  The results indicate spatial and temporal trends that were related to the activities of the tribal community and the petroleum facility. 

While PSDs have been demonstrated as a surrogate of fish for aquatic environment assessment, atmospheric PSDs have not been previously used as a surrogate of food for preparation technique assessment.  Community-based requests often include understanding the effects of special food preparations that are culturally important.  The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) requested an assessment of their fish smoking methods.  As part of a larger study, we deployed air PSDs during the CTUIR smoking events to further evaluate the utility of using our PSD as a surrogate of smoke-processed fish.  In a side-by-side study the PSDs were paired with salmon during smoking.  PAHs were quantified from the air PSD and compared with the smoked salmon.  The results show excellent promise for an alternative method for assessing food smoking preparation techniques.

%B SETAC 33rd North American Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Utilizing Comprehensive Methodologies to Examine Chemical Contaminants including Oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) in Gulf of Mexico Complex Mixtures during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill %A Steven G O'Connell %A Theodore A Haigh %A Sarah E Allan %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC 33rd North American Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Utilizing Passive Sampling for Rapid Response to Assess Atmospheric Exposure to PAHs Before, During and After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in crude oil and may persist in the environment even after visible evidence is gone. Volatilization of crude oil can be one route of exposure for PAHs.  Exposures of PAHs from crude oil spills typically occurs concurrent with the spill or prior to significant weathering of the oil. Acute chemical spills generally initiate a rapid clean up response; however, there is often a significant exposure period prior to elaborate air monitoring equipment setup.  Because PSDs do not require elaborate equipment or electricity, we were able to sample within days of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. We deployed passive sampling devices (PSDs) for air sampling prior to, during and after shoreline oiling. Study locations included sites in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. PSDs mimic the chemical uptake of biomembranes by exploiting the fugacities of vapor phase compounds in the atmosphere. Chemical data from PSD extracts can be employed to assess potential exposure, transport, fate and sourcing of emerging and legacy contaminants in the atmosphere. 

Forty two samples were collected over a 15 month period beginning in May 2010; passive sampling devices were used to monitor the bioavailable concentration of PAHs in air. Prior to shoreline oiling, baseline data was obtained at all the study sites, allowing for direct before and after comparisons of PAH air contamination due to oiling. Samples were analyzed using a method composed of 33 emerging and legacy PAHs. As many as 18 PAHs were quantified in some air PSD extracts. Flouranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene were the largest contributors to the total vapor phase PAH concentration at our sampling sites. PSDs were also screened for an additional 1,200 contaminants of concern. Analysis of PSDs with this screening method resulted in positive identification of oxygen, sulfanate and nitrogen substituted PAHs, pesticides, and compounds used in industry such as musks and flame retardants. Our study demonstrates the utility of air PSDs to respond to acute chemical spills and collect chemical data sets on a wide range of contaminants in a more rapid fashion than traditional air monitoring technologies. During this study OSU’s Superfund Research Program Research Translation and Community Engagement Cores developed resources including workshops, brochures, and web-based information available to the communities impacted by the spill.

%B SETAC North America %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Assessment of PAHs in Traditionally Prepared Native American Smoked Salmon %A Norman D Forsberg %A Stone, Dave %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardena, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program-Tribal Collaboration Meeting, Portland, OR %8 11/2011 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Pre- and post- shoreline oiling assessment of bioavailable PAH compounds in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC – Gulf Oil Spill Focused Topic Meeting %I SETAC – Gulf Oil Spill Focused Topic Meeting %8 04/2011 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Plant Physiol %D 2011 %T Reversion-reporter transgenes to analyze all six base-substitution pathways in Arabidopsis. %A Bollmann, Stephanie R %A Tominey, Colin M %A Peter D Hoffman %A Hoffman, Taylor M C %A John B Hays %K Alleles %K Amino Acid Substitution %K Arabidopsis %K Base Sequence %K Gene Dosage %K Genes, Reporter %K Genetic Engineering %K Glucuronidase %K Immunohistochemistry %K Ions %K Metals %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Mutagenesis %K Mutant Proteins %K Mutation %K Plants, Genetically Modified %K Sequence Analysis, DNA %K Transgenes %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

To expand the repertoire of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutation-reporter transgenes, we constructed six mutant alleles in the same codon of the β-glucuronidase-encoding GUS transgene. Each allele reverts to GUS+ only via a particular one of the six transition/transversion pathways. AcV5 epitope tags, fused carboxyl terminal to the inactive GUS- proteins, enabled semiquantitative immunoassays in plant protein extracts. Spontaneous G:C→T:A transversions, previously not measured using reporter transgenes, were quite frequent. This may reflect mispairing of adenine with 8-oxoguanine in DNA attacked by endogenous oxyradicals. Spontaneous G:C→A:T was modest and other reversions were relatively low, as reported previously. Frequencies of ultraviolet C-induced TT→TC and TC→TT reversions were both high. With increased transgene copy number, spontaneous G:C→T:A reversions increased but ultraviolet C-induced reversions decreased. Frequencies of some reversion events were reduced among T4 versus T3 generation plants. Based on these and other analyses of sources of experimental variation, we propose guidelines for the employment of these lines to study genotoxic stress in planta.

%B Plant Physiol %V 155 %P 1286-300 %8 2011 Mar %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1104/pp.110.167726 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Walking in two worlds: Tribal-university partnerships, capacity building, technology transfer, and developing cultural sensitivity in toxicology and environmental health research %A Sandra Uesugi %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Harper, Barbara %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Stone, Dave %A Jai, Y %A Hirsch, Naomi %A Cardenas, Andres %A Sudakin, Dan %B Pacific Northwest Association of Toxicologists Meeting, North Bonneville, WA %8 2011 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Assessment of bioavailable PAH compounds in water and air at near shore locations in the Gulf of Mexico pre- and post- shoreline oiling during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Kim A Anderson %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %B Invited plenary speaker, Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Bioavailable PAH compounds in coastal marine waters of the Gulf of Mexico pre and post shoreline oiling during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Can consumers trust salmon production method labels through the use of chemical profiling? %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B platform presentation, ACS Spring Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2010 %T Chemical profiling with modeling differentiates wild and farm-raised salmon. %A Kim A Anderson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %K Animals %K Fisheries %K Models, Biological %K Principal Component Analysis %K Salmon %K Seafood %K Trace Elements %X

Classifications of fish production methods, wild or farm-raised salmon, by elemental profiles or C and N stable isotope ratios combined with various modeling approaches were determined. Elemental analysis (As, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, and Zn) of wild and farm-raised salmon samples was performed using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Isotopic and compositional analyses of carbon and nitrogen were performed using mass spectrometry as an alternative fingerprinting technique. Each salmon (king salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch ; Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar ) was analyzed from two food production practices, wild and farm raised. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) were used for data exploration and visualization. Five classification modeling approaches were investigated: linear discriminate function, quadratic discriminant function, neural network, probabilistic neural network, and neural network bagging. Methods for evaluating model reliability included four strategies: resubstitution, cross-validation, and two very different test set scenarios. Generally speaking, the models performed well, with the percentage of samples classified correctly depending on the particular choice of model and evaluation method used.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 58 %P 11768-74 %8 11/2010 %G eng %N 22 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20973481?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf102046b %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Deepwater Horizon oil spill sites used to demonstrate atmospheric passive samplers coupled with a 1200 analyte screening method %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %I SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Determination of the Historical Contributions of Fertilizer Applications to the Bioavailable Metal Concentrations in Oregon Agricultural Soils %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Perez, Angela L %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2010 %T Exploiting lipid-free tubing passive samplers and embryonic zebrafish to link site specific contaminant mixtures to biological responses. %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Embryonic Development %K Environmental Monitoring %K Lipids %K Rivers %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %K Zebrafish %X

The Biological Response Indicator Devices Gauging Environmental Stressors (BRIDGES) bio-analytical tool was developed in response to the need for a quantitative technology for assessing the toxicity of environmentally relevant contaminant mixtures. This tool combines passive samplers with the embryonic zebrafish model. When applied in an urban river it effectively linked site specific, bioavailable contaminant mixtures to multiple biological responses. Embryonic zebrafish exposed to extracts from lipid-free passive samplers that were deployed at five locations, within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite, displayed different responses. Six of the eighteen biological responses observed in 941 exposed zebrafish were significantly different between sites. This demonstrates the sensitivity of the bio-analytical tool for detecting spatially distinct toxicity in aquatic systems; bridging environmental exposure to biological response.

%B Chemosphere %V 79 %P 1-7 %8 03/2010 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20172587?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.001 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Identifying Hydrologic and Landscape Characteristics that Influence Pesticide Surface Water Loading in the Willamette Valley, Oregon %A Janney, Phillip K %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Eden, Scott %A Hadden, Mark %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Improving Collaboration by Controlling the Flow of Accurate Data and Information on a Multi-Institutional Superfund Research Project %A Elena S Peterson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Przybyla, Jennifer %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %B Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T SETAC National Meeting Travel Grant %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %B SETAC National Meeting %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Strategies and Challenges of Capacity Building and Technology Transfer for Environmental Monitoring in the United States and Western Africa %A Gregory J Sower %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Quarles, L %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Sweet Onion Field Test Kit %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Merril, Dawn %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %B invited presentation and demonstration, 2010 National Onion Association Meeting %8 2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Test Kit for Sweet Onions %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %B National Allium Research Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2009 %T Mitigating or Eliminating Pesticide Risks in Surface Waters in the Pacific Northwest and West Africa with Targeted Research, Extension, and Education Programs %A Quarles, L %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Kim A Anderson %B (Invited Speaker) The Use and Value of Environmental Monitoring in the Assessment and Analysis of Risks, Semi-Annual International IPM Symposium, Transcending Boundaries, Portland OR %8 03/2009 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Planta %D 2009 %T Reciprocal chromosome translocation associated with TDNA-insertion mutation in Arabidopsis: genetic and cytological analyses of consequences for gametophyte development and for construction of doubly mutant lines. %A Curtis, Marc J %A Belcram, Katia %A Bollmann, Stephanie R %A Tominey, Colin M %A Peter D Hoffman %A Mercier, Raphael %A John B Hays %K Arabidopsis %K Arabidopsis Proteins %K Chromosomes, Plant %K DNA, Bacterial %K DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase %K Flowers %K Gene Frequency %K Genotype %K Heterozygote %K In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence %K Models, Genetic %K Mutagenesis, Insertional %K Mutation %K Pollen %K Translocation, Genetic %X

Chromosomal rearrangements may complicate construction of Arabidopsis with multiple TDNA-insertion mutations. Here, crossing two lines homozygous for insertions in AtREV3 and AtPOLH (chromosomes I and V, respectively) and selfing F1 plants yielded non-Mendelian F2 genotype distributions: frequencies of +/++/+ and 1/1 2/2 progeny were only 0.42 and 0.25%. However, the normal development and fertility of double mutants showed AtPOLH-1 and AtREV3-2 gametes and 1/1 2/2 embryos to be fully viable. F2 distributions could be quantitatively predicted by assuming that F1 selfing produced inviable (1,2) and (+,+) gametophytes 86% of the time. Some defect intrinsic to the F1 selfing process itself thus appeared responsible. In selfing AtREV3 (+/2 ) single mutants, imaging of ovules and pollen showed arrest or abortion, respectively, of half of gametophytes; however, gametogenesis was normal in AtREV3 ( 2/2 ) homozygotes. These findings, taken together, suggested that T-DNA insertion at AtREV3 on chromosome I had caused a reciprocal I-V translocation. Spreads of meiosis I chromosomes in selfing AtREV3 (+/2 ) heterozygotes revealed the predicted cruciform four-chromosome structures, which fluorescence in situ hybridization showed to invariably include both translocated and normal chromosomes I and V. Sequencing of the two junctions of T-DNA with AtREV3 DNA and the two with gene At5g59920 suggested translocation via homologous recombination between independent inverted-repeat T-DNA insertions. Thus, when crosses between TDNA-insertion mutants yield anomalous progeny distributions, TDNA-linked translocations should be considered.

%B Planta %V 229 %P 731-45 %8 2009 Mar %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s00425-008-0868-0 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2009 %T Site specific toxic effects in zebrafish embryos to passive sampling device extracts linked to differences in environmental contaminant mixtures %A Sarah E Allan %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Glenn R Wilson %A Brian W Smith %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 11/2009 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2009 %T Site-specific toxic effects in zebrafish embryos exposed to passive sampling device extracts linked to differences in environmental contaminant mixtures %A Sarah E Allan %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Glenn R Wilson %A Brian W Smith %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 30th Annual Conference %8 11/2009 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2009 %T Use of passive sampling devices to assess a suite of over 1000 non-polar and semi-polar contaminants in a re-circulating aquaculture system %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Peterson, T %A Kent, M %A Kim A Anderson %X

Re-circulating aquaculture systems may occasionally become contaminated or amplify biological or chemical agents. For instance, increased prevalence of intestinal cancers have been observed in some zebrafish re-circulating aquaculture facilities. The etiology of these neoplasms are unknown. We used passive sampling devices in re-circulating aquaculture systems to sequester a suite of non-polar and semi-polar contaminants. Passive sampling devices sequester and concentrate a wide range of contaminants that may be at very low concentrations within a system, thus are well suited to investigate contamination and episodic exposure events. Through the use of Agilent's Retention Time Locking software, Deconvolution Reporting Software and combining several mass spectral libraries, we were able to screen the passive sampling device extracts for nearly 2000 potential contaminants with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Included in our screen were over 900 pesticides and endocrine disruptors, PCBs, along with a wide range of other chemicals. The passive sampling device extracts were also used with the embryonic zebrafish toxicity model where fish were grown out to determine if similar types of cancer formed.

%B SETAC North America 30th Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA %8 11/2009 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Biochemistry %D 2008 %T Biochemical evolution of DNA polymerase eta: properties of plant, human, and yeast proteins. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Curtis, Marc J %A Iwai, Shigenori %A John B Hays %K Amino Acid Sequence %K Arabidopsis %K Base Sequence %K Biochemical Phenomena %K Biochemistry %K Conserved Sequence %K DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase %K Evolution, Molecular %K Humans %K Kinetics %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Nucleotides %K Photochemistry %K Saccharomyces cerevisiae %K Sequence Alignment %X

To assess how evolution might have biochemically shaped DNA polymerase eta (Poleta) in plants, we expressed in Escherichia coli proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana (At), humans (Hs), and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), purified them to near homogeneity, and compared their properties. Consistent with the multiple divergent amino acids within mostly conserved polymerase domains, the polymerases showed modest, appreciable, and marked differences, respectively, in salt and temperature optima for activity and thermostability. We compared abilities to extend synthetic primers past template cyclobutane thymine dimers (T[CPD]T) or undamaged T-T under physiological conditions (80-110 mM salt). Specific activities for "standing-start" extension of synthetic primers ending opposite the second template nucleotide 3' to T-T were roughly similar. During subsequent "running-start" insertions past T-T and the next 5' ( N + 1) nucleotide, AtPoleta and HsPoleta appeared more processive, but DNA sequence contexts strongly affected termination probabilities. Lesion-bypass studies employed four different templates containing T[CPD]Ts, and two containing pyrimidine (6-4')-pyrimidinone photoproducts ([6-4]s). AtPoleta made the three successive insertions [opposite the T[CPD]T and (N + 1) nucleotides] that define bypass nearly as well as HsPoleta and somewhat better than ScPoleta. Again, sequence context effects were profound. Interestingly, the level of insertion opposite the ( N - 1) nucleotide 3' to T[CPD]T by HsPoleta and especially AtPoleta, but not ScPoleta, was reduced (up to 4-fold) relative to the level of insertion opposite the ( N - 1) nucleotide 3' to T-T. Evolutionary conservation of efficient T[CPD]T bypass by HsPoleta and AtPoleta may reflect a high degree of exposure of human skin and plants to solar UV-B radiation. The depressed ( N - 1) insertion upstream of T[CPD]T (but not T-T) may reduce the extent of gratuitous error-prone insertion.

%B Biochemistry %V 47 %P 4583-96 %8 2008 Apr 22 %G eng %N 16 %R 10.1021/bi701781p %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2008 %T Influence of Asian and Western United states agricultural areas and fires on the atmospheric transport of pesticides in the Western United States. %A Primbs, Toby %A Schmedding, David %A Higginbotham, Carol %A Staci M Simonich %K Agriculture %K Air Pollutants %K Asia %K Fires %K Pesticides %K United States %X

Historic and current use pesticides (HUPs and CUPs), with respect to use in the United States and Canada, were identified in trans-Pacific and regional air masses at Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO), a remote high elevation mountain in Oregon's Cascade Range located in the United States, during the sampling period of April 2004 to May 2006 (n = 69), including NASA's INTEX-B campaign (spring 2006). Elevated hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) concentrations were measured during trans-Pacific atmospheric transport events at MBO, suggesting that Asia is an important source region for these HUPs. Regional atmospheric transport events at MBO resulted in elevated dacthal, endosulfan, metribuzin, triallate, trifluralin, and chlorpyrifos concentrations, with episodic increases in concentration during some spring application periods, suggesting that the Western U.S. is a significant source region for these CUPs. Endosulfan I, gamma-HCH, and dacthal concentrations were significantly positively correlated (p-value < 0.05) with increased air mass time in Western U.S. agricultural areas. Elevated gamma-HCH concentrations were measured at MBO during both trans-Pacific and regional atmospheric transport events, including regional fire events. In addition to gamma-HCH, elevated sigmachlordane, alpha-HCH, HCB, and trifluralin concentrations were associated with fires in Western North America due to revolatilization of these pesticides from soils and vegetation. Trans-chlordane/cis-chlordane and alpha-HCH/gamma-HCH ratios were calculated and may be used to distinguish between free tropospheric and regional and/or Asian air masses.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 42 %P 6519-25 %8 2008 Sep 01 %G eng %N 17 %R 10.1021/es800511x %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2008 %T Influence of Asian and Western United States urban areas and fires on the atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and fluorotelomer alcohols in the Western United States. %A Primbs, Toby %A Piekarz, Arkadiusz %A Schmedding, David %A Higginbotham, Carol %A Field, Jennifer %A Staci M Simonich %K Air Pollutants %K Alcohols %K Asia %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Polycyclic Compounds %K United States %X

Atmospheric measurements of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) were made at Mt Bachelor Observatory (MBO), located in Oregon's Cascade Range, to understand the trans-Pacific and regional transport of SOCs from urban areas. High volume air sampling (approximately 644 m3 for 24 h periods) of both the gas and particulate phases was conducted from April 19, 2004 to May 13, 2006 (n = 69); including NASA's INTEX-B campaign in spring 2006 (n = 34 of 69). Air mass back trajectories were calculated and were used to calculate source region impact factors (SRIFs), the percentage of time the sampled air mass resided in a given source region. Particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations at MBO increased with the percentage of air mass time in Asia and, in conjunction with other data, provided strong evidence that particulate-phase PAHs are emitted from Asia and undergo trans-Pacific atmospheric transport to North America. Gas-phase PAH and fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) concentrations significantly increased with the percentage of air mass time in California's urban areas, whereas retene and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations increased with the percentage of air mass time in Oregon and during regional fire events. In addition, sigma(gas-phase) PAH, retene, and levoglucosan concentrations were significantly correlated (p-value < 0.001) with sigma(PCB) concentrations, suggesting that increased atmospheric PCB concentrations were associated with fires due to the volatilization of stored PCBs from soil and vegetation.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 42 %P 6385-91 %8 2008 Sep 01 %G eng %N 17 %R 10.1021/es702160d %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2008 %T Overcoming the Technical Challenges of an International Human and Eological Health Risk Project in Western Africa. Part 2: Integrating Quality Assurance and Trace Pesticide Analysis Between Laboratories %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Ackerman, Amanda %A Quarles, L %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Fall, N %A Ndieye, A. %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Kim A Anderson %B The Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. North America Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, USA %8 11/2008 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2008 %T Use of chemical profiling to determine farm raised versus wild caught salmon %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 29th Annual Conference, Tampa, FL %8 2008 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Atmospheric Outflow of Anthropogenic Semivolatile Organic Compounds from Asia in Spring 2004 %A Primbs, T %A Schmedding, D %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jaffe, D %A Kato, S %A Takami, A %A Hatakeyama, S %A Kajii, Y %A Staci M Simonich %B American Chemical Society, Boston, MA %8 08/2007 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T Conference Award %A Theodore A Haigh %B NEMC (National Environmental Monitoring Conference), Cambridge, MA %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Influence of Asian and Western U.S. Urban Areas (and Fires) on the Atmospheric Transport of PAHs, PCBs, and FTOHs in the Western U.S. %A Primbs, T %A Pierkarz, A %A Glenn R Wilson %A Schmedding, D %A Higginbotham, C. %A Field, J %A Staci M Simonich %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Milwaukee, WI %8 11/2007 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Overcoming the technical challenges of an international human and ecological health risk project in Western Africa %A Gregory J Sower %A Ackerman, Amanda %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Quarles, L %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Toure, C %A Kim A Anderson %B The Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. North America Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, USA %8 2007 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Protecting the Nation’s Food Supply, Use of chemical profiling to determine the origin of food commodities %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 28th Annual Conference, Milwaukee, WI %8 11/2007 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Protecting the Nation’s Food Supply: Use of chemical profiling to determine origin of food commodities %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Perez, Angela L %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 28th Annual Conference, Milwaukee, WI %8 2007 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Trans-Pacific and Regional Atmospheric Transport of Anthropogenic Semivolatile Organic Compounds to Mt. Bachelor, USA from Spring 2004 to Spring 2006 %A Primbs, T %A Staci M Simonich %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jaffe, D %A Higginbotham, C. %B American Chemical Society, Boston, MA %8 08/2007 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2006 %T Atmospheric deposition of current-use and historic-use pesticides in snow at national parks in the western United States. %A Hageman, Kimberly J %A Staci M Simonich %A Campbell, Donald H %A Landers, Dixon H %K Agriculture %K Air Movements %K Air Pollutants %K Arctic Regions %K Chemical Precipitation %K Ecosystem %K Environmental Monitoring %K Pesticides %K Recreation %K Snow %K United States %X

The United States (U.S.) National Park Service has initiated research on the atmospheric deposition and fate of semi-volatile organic compounds in its alpine, sub-Arctic, and Arctic ecosystems in the Western U.S. Results for the analysis of pesticides in seasonal snowpack samples collected in spring 2003 from seven national parks are presented herein. From a target analyte list of 47 pesticides and degradation products, the most frequently detected current-use pesticides were dacthal, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, whereas the mostfrequently detected historic-use pesticides were dieldrin, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene. Correlation analysis with latitude, temperature, elevation, particulate matter, and two indicators of regional pesticide use reveal that regional current and historic agricultural practices are largely responsible for the distribution of pesticides in the national parks in this study. Pesticide deposition in the Alaskan parks is attributed to long-range transport because there are no significant regional pesticide sources. The percentage of total pesticide concentration due to regional transport (%RT) was calculated for the other parks. %RT was highest at parks with higher regional cropland intensity and for pesticides with lower vapor pressures and shorter half-lives in air.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 40 %P 3174-80 %8 2006 May 15 %G eng %N 10 %R 10.1021/es060157c %0 Unpublished Work %D 2006 %T Non-Defense Federal, State, and Commercial Laboratory Requirements and Guidelines to Receive, Handle, and Analyze Dilute Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA), and Environmental Samples potentially Containing CWA %A Theodore A Haigh %B Submitted to US EPA NHSRC %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2006 %T Selenium accumulation patterns in lotic and lentic aquatic systems. %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Carbon %K Ecosystem %K Environmental Monitoring %K Fishes %K Food Chain %K Geologic Sediments %K Invertebrates %K Rivers %K Selenium %K Time Factors %K Water Movements %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Selenium (Se) concentrations in water column, sediment and insect compartments were measured over 3 years, in conjunction with selected physicochemical parameters, from lotic (flowing water) and lentic (standing water) sites within a single watershed in Utah, USA. There was evidence for steady-state concentrations of total [Se] in the insects, sediment and detritus, while there was no correlation between these concentrations and the concentration in surface water. Insect Se burden may therefore provide a more accurate measurement of food web accumulation risk than surface water Se concentration. The importance of organism-specific factors on Se transfer to higher trophic levels was revealed by the steady-state Se body burden within the same insect taxa occupying similar environmental compartments in both aquatic systems. Additionally, however, insect Se body burdens, even within similar taxa, were up to 7 times greater within the lentic compared with the lotic system, and site-specific biogeochemical processes are also likely to play a role in the pattern and level of Se accumulation between hydrogeochemically different aquatic systems occurring within the same watershed. Though a site-specific relationship was apparent between organic content and sediment and detritus Se concentrations, this factor did not account for insect Se accumulation differences between the lotic and lentic aquatic habitats. If carbon content is to be used as a site-specific predictor of Se accumulation potential, further investigations of it's influence on the food web accumulation rate of Se are required.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 366 %P 367-79 %8 07/2006 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16487574?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.024 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Mol Mutagen %D 2006 %T Testing excision models for responses of mismatch-repair systems to UV photoproducts in DNA. %A Wang, Huxian %A Peter D Hoffman %A Christopher W Lawrence %A John B Hays %K Animals %K Base Pair Mismatch %K CHO Cells %K Cricetinae %K Cricetulus %K DNA %K DNA Repair %K HeLa Cells %K Humans %K Plasmids %K Pyrimidine Dimers %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

Mismatch-repair (MMR) systems correct DNA replication errors and respond to a variety of DNA lesions. Previous observations that MMR antagonizes UV mutagenesis, and that the mismatch-recognition protein heterodimer MSH2*MSH6 (MutSalpha) selectively binds DNA containing "mismatched" photoproducts (T[CPD]T/AG, T[6-4]T/AG) but not "matched" photoproducts (T[CPD]T/AA, T[6-4]T/AA), suggested that mismatched photoproducts would provoke MMR excision similar to mismatched bases. Excision of incorrect nucleotides inserted opposite template photoproducts might then prevent UV-induced mutation. We tested T[CPD]T/AG DNA, in a sequence context in which it is bound substantially by hMutSalpha and in three other contexts, for stimulation of 3' MMR excision in mammalian nuclear extracts. T[CPD]T/AG was inactive in HeLa extracts, or in extracts deficient in the photoproduct-binding proteins DDB or XPC* hHR23B, arguing against interference from the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Prior incubation with hMutSalpha and MLH2.PMS2 (hMutLalpha) did not increase excision relative to homoduplex controls. T[6-4]T/AG also failed to provoke excision. T/G, C/A, and T/T substrates, even though bound by hMutSalpha no better than T[CPD]T/AG substrates, efficiently provoked excision. Even a substrate containing three T[CPD]T/AG photoproducts (in different contexts) did not significantly provoke excision. Thus, MMR may suppress UV mutagenesis by non-excisive mechanisms.

%B Environ Mol Mutagen %V 47 %P 296-306 %8 2006 May %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1002/em.20206 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2006 %T Trans-Pacific and Regional Atmospheric Transport of Anthropogenic Semivolatile Organic Compounds to Mt. Bachelor Observatory, USA from Spring 2004 to Spring 2006 %A Primbs, T %A Staci M Simonich %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jaffe, D %A Higginbotham, C. %B American Geophysical Union Meeting, San Francisco, CA %8 12/2006 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2006 %T Trans-Pacific Atmospheric Transport of PBTs from Asia to the Pacific Northwest of the USA in Spring 2004 %A Primbs, T %A Schmedding, D %A Glenn R Wilson %A Higginbotham, C. %A Staci M Simonich %B American Chemical Society, San Francisco, CA %8 09/2006 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2006 %T Trans-Pacific Atmospheric Transport of PBTs from Asia to the Pacific Northwest of the USA in Spring 2004 %A Primbs, T %A Schmedding, D %A Glenn R Wilson %A Higginbotham, C. %A Staci M Simonich %B American Chemical Society, San Francisco, CA %8 09/2006 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2005 %T Atmospheric Deposition of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in National Parks of the Pacific Northwest %A Hageman, K J %A Usenko, S %A Cambell, D H %A Glenn R Wilson %A Schmedding, D %A Staci M Simonich %B Puget Sound/Georgia Basin Research Conference, Seattle, WA %8 03/2005 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J DNA Repair (Amst) %D 2005 %T Binding of MutS mismatch repair protein to DNA containing UV photoproducts, "mismatched" opposite Watson--Crick and novel nucleotides, in different DNA sequence contexts. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Wang, Huixian %A Christopher W Lawrence %A Iwai, Shigenori %A Hanaoka, Fumio %A John B Hays %K Adenosine Triphosphatases %K Amino Acid Sequence %K Bacterial Proteins %K Base Pair Mismatch %K Base Sequence %K DNA %K DNA Repair %K DNA-Binding Proteins %K Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Mutagenesis %K MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein %K Nucleotides %K Protein Binding %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

Mismatch-repair (MMR) systems suppress mutation via correction of DNA replication errors (base-mispairs) and responses to mutagenic DNA lesions. Selective binding of mismatched or damaged DNA by MutS-homolog proteins-bacterial MutS, eukaryotic MSH2.MSH6 (MutSalpha) and MSH2.MSH3-initiates mismatch-correction pathways and responses to lesions, and may cumulatively increase discrimination at downstream steps. MutS-homolog binding selectivity and the well-known but poorly understood effects of DNA-sequence contexts on recognition may thus be primary determinants of MMR specificity and efficiency. MMR processes that modulate UV mutagenesis might begin with selective binding by MutS homologs of "mismatched" T[CPD]T/AG and T[6--4]T/AG photoproducts, reported previously for hMutSalpha and described here for E. coli MutS protein. If MMR suppresses UV mutagenesis by acting directly on pre-mutagenic products of replicative bypass, mismatched photoproducts should be recognized in most DNA-sequence contexts. In three of four contexts tested here (three substantially different), T[CPD]T/AG was bound only slightly better by MutS than was T[CPD]T/AA or homoduplex DNA; only one of two contexts tested promoted selective binding of T[6--4]T/AG. Although the T:G pairs in T[CPD]T/AG and T/G both adopt wobble conformations, MutS bound T/G well in all contexts (K(1/2) 2.1--2.9 nM). Thus, MutS appears to select the two mismatches by different mechanisms. NMR analyses elsewhere suggest that in the (highly distorted) T[6--4]T/AG a forked H-bond between O2 of the 3' thymine and the ring 1-imino and exocyclic 2-amino guanine protons stabilizes a novel planar structure not possible in T[6--4]T/AA. Replacement of G by purines lacking one (inosine, 2-aminopurine) or both (nebularine) protons markedly reduced or eliminated selective MutS binding, as predicted. Previous studies and the work here, taken together, suggest that in only about half of DNA sequence contexts could MutS (and presumably MutSalpha) selectively bind mismatched UV photoproducts and directly suppress UV mutagenesis.

%B DNA Repair (Amst) %V 4 %P 983-93 %8 2005 Aug 15 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.04.018 %0 Journal Article %J DNA Repair (Amst) %D 2005 %T Discrimination and versatility in mismatch repair. %A John B Hays %A Peter D Hoffman %A Wang, Huixian %K Base Pair Mismatch %K DNA %K DNA Repair %K HeLa Cells %K Humans %K MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein %K Protein Binding %K Substrate Specificity %X

Evolutionarily-conserved mismatch-repair (MMR) systems correct all or almost all base-mismatch errors from DNA replication via excision-resynthesis pathways, and respond to many different DNA lesions. Consideration of DNA polymerase error rates and possible consequences of excess gratuitous excision of perfectly paired (homoduplex) DNA in vivo suggests that MMR needs to discriminate against homoduplex DNA by three to six orders of magnitude. However, numerous binding studies using MMR base-mispair-recognition proteins, bacterial MutS or eukaryotic MSH2.MSH6 (MutSalpha), have typically shown discrimination factors between mismatched and homoduplex DNA to be 5-30, depending on the binding conditions, the particular mismatches, and the DNA-sequence contexts. Thus, downstream post-binding steps must increase MMR discrimination without interfering with the versatility needed to recognize a large variety of base-mismatches and lesions. We use a complex but highly MMR-active model system, human nuclear extracts mixed with plasmid substrates containing specific mismatches and defined nicks 0.15 kbp away, to measure the earliest quantifiable committed step in mismatch correction, initiation of mismatch-provoked 3'-5' excision at the nicks. We compared these results to binding of purified MutSalpha to synthetic oligoduplexes containing the same mismatches in the same sequence contexts, under conditions very similar to those prevailing in the nuclear extracts. Discrimination against homoduplex DNA, only two-to five-fold in the binding studies, increased to 60- to 230-fold or more for excision initiation, depending on the particular mismatches. Remarkably, the mismatch-preference order for excision initiation was substantially altered from the order for hMutSalpha binding. This suggests that post-binding steps not only strongly discriminate against homoduplex DNA, but do so by mechanisms not tightly constrained by initial binding preferences. Pairs of homoduplexes (40, 50, and 70 bp) prepared from synthetic oligomers or cut out of plasmids showed virtually identical hMutSalpha binding affinities, suggesting that high hMutSalpha binding to homoduplex DNA is not the result of misincorporations or lesions introduced during chemical synthesis. Intrinsic affinities of MutS homologs for perfectly paired DNA may help these proteins efficiently position themselves to carry out subsequent mismatch-specific steps in MMR pathways.

%B DNA Repair (Amst) %V 4 %P 1463-74 %8 2005 Dec 08 %G eng %N 12 %R 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.09.002 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2005 %T Trace analysis of semivolatile organic compounds in large volume samples of snow, lake water, and groundwater. %A Usenko, Sascha %A Hageman, Kimberly J %A Schmedding, Dave W %A Staci M Simonich %K Chemistry Techniques, Analytical %K Environmental Monitoring %K Organic Chemicals %K Pesticides %K Snow %K Soil Pollutants %K Solubility %K Volatilization %K Water %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

An analytical method was developed for the trace analysis of a wide range of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in 50-L high-elevation snow and lake water samples. The method was validated for 75 SOCs from seven different chemical classes (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, amides, triazines, polychlorinated biphenyls, thiocarbamates, and phosphorothioates) that covered a wide range of physical-chemical properties including 7 orders of magnitude of octanol-water partition coefficient (log K(ow) = 1.4-8.3). The SOCs were extracted using a hydrophobically and hydrophilically modified divinylbenzene solid-phase extraction device (modified Speedisk). The average analyte recovery from 50 L of reverse osmosis water, using the modified Speedisk, was 99% with an average relative standard deviation of 4.8%. Snow samples were collected from the field, melted, and extracted using the modified Speedisk and a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) remote sample adapter in the laboratory. Lake water was sampled, filtered, and extracted in situ using an Infiltrex 100 fitted with a 1-microm glass fiber filter to trap particulate matter and the modified Speedisk to trap dissolved SOCs. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization and electron capture negative ionization using isotope dilution and selective ion monitoring. Estimated method detection limits for snow and lake water ranged from 0.2 to 125 pg/L and 0.5-400 pg/L, respectively. U.S. historic and current-use pesticides were identified and quantified in snow and lake water samples collected from Rocky Mountain National Park, CO. The application of the analytical method to the analysis of SOCs in large-volume groundwater samples is also shown.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 39 %P 6006-15 %8 2005 Aug 15 %G eng %N 16 %R 10.1021/es0506511 %0 Generic %D 2005 %T Trans-Pacific Atmospheric Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Other Anthropogenic Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds to a High Elevation Site in the Pacific Northwest, USA %A Primbs, T %A Schmedding, D %A Glenn R Wilson %A Higginbotham, C. %A Staci M Simonich %B DIOXIN %8 08/2005 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2005 %T Trans-Pacific Atmospheric Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Other Anthropogenic Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds to a High Elevation Site in the Pacific Northwest, USA %A Primbs, T %A Schmedding, D %A Glenn R Wilson %A Higginbotham, C. %A Staci M Simonich %B DIOXIN, Toronto, Canada %8 08/2005 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2004 %T Anthropogenic Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at Cheeka Peak Observatory During Spring 2002 %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %A Staci M Simonich %B American Association for the Advancement of Science, Seattle, WA %8 02/2004 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Plant J %D 2004 %T Arabidopsis thaliana AtPOLK encodes a DinB-like DNA polymerase that extends mispaired primer termini and is highly expressed in a variety of tissues. %A García-Ortiz, Maria Victoria %A Ariza, Rafael R %A Peter D Hoffman %A John B Hays %A Roldán-Arjona, Teresa %K Alternative Splicing %K Amino Acid Sequence %K Arabidopsis %K Arabidopsis Proteins %K DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase %K Gene Expression %K Gene Library %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Phylogeny %K Plants, Genetically Modified %K Recombinant Fusion Proteins %K Sequence Homology, Amino Acid %X

Cell survival after DNA damage depends on specialized DNA polymerases able to perform DNA synthesis on imperfect templates. Most of these enzymes belong to the recently discovered Y-family of DNA polymerases, none of which has been previously described in plants. We report here the isolation, functional characterization and expression analysis of a plant representative of the Y-family. This polymerase, which we have termed AtPolkappa, is a homolog of Escherichia coli pol IV and human pol kappa, and thus belongs to the DinB subfamily. We purified AtPolkappa and found a template-directed DNA polymerase, endowed with limited processivity that is able to extend primer-terminal mispairs. The activity and processivity of AtPolkappa are enhanced markedly upon deletion of 193 amino acids (aa) from its carboxy (C)-terminal domain. Loss of this region also affects the nucleotide selectivity of the enzyme, leading to the incorporation of both dCTP and dTTP opposite A in the template. We detected three cDNA forms, which result from the alternative splicing of AtPOLK mRNA and have distinct patterns of expression in different plant organs. Histochemical localization of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic plants revealed that the AtPOLK promoter is active in endoreduplicating cells, suggesting a possible role during consecutive DNA replication cycles in the absence of mitosis.

%B Plant J %V 39 %P 84-97 %8 2004 Jul %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02112.x %0 Journal Article %J Genes Dev %D 2004 %T Rapid accumulation of mutations during seed-to-seed propagation of mismatch-repair-defective Arabidopsis. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Leonard, Jeffrey M %A Lindberg, Gerrick E %A Bollmann, Stephanie R %A John B Hays %K Arabidopsis %K Arabidopsis Proteins %K Base Pair Mismatch %K DNA Repair %K Genomic Instability %K Microsatellite Repeats %K Mutation %K MutS Homolog 2 Protein %K Plants, Genetically Modified %K Reproduction, Asexual %K Seeds %X

During the many cell divisions that precede formation of plant gametes, their apical-meristem and floral antecedents are continually exposed to endogenous and environmental mutagenic threats. Although some deleterious recessive mutations may be eliminated during growth of haploid gametophytes and functionally haploid early embryos ("haplosufficiency quality-checking"), the multiplicity of plant genome-maintenance systems suggests aggressive quality control during prior diploid growth. To test in Arabidopsis a hypothesis that prior mismatch repair (MMR) is paramount in defense of plant genetic fidelity, we propagated in parallel 36 MMR-defective (Atmsh2-1) and 36 wild-type lines. The Atmsh2-1 lines rapidly accumulated a wide variety of mutations: fifth-generation (G5) plants showed abnormalities in morphology and development, fertility, germination efficiency, seed/silique development, and seed set. Only two Atmsh2-1, but all 36 wild-type lines, appeared normal at G5. Analyses of insertion/deletion mutation at six repeat-sequence (microsatellite) loci showed each Atmsh2-1 line to have evolved its own "fingerprint," the results of as many as 10 microsatellite mutations in a single line. Thus, MMR during diploid growth is essential for plant genomic integrity.

%B Genes Dev %V 18 %P 2676-85 %8 2004 Nov 01 %G eng %N 21 %R 10.1101/gad.1217204 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2004 %T Semi-volatile Organic Compounds in Lake Water from High Elevation or High Latitude Perched Lakes in National Parks in the Western U.S. %A Usenko, S %A Hageman, K J %A Schmedding, D %A Glenn R Wilson %A Staci M Simonich %B Fourth SETAC World Congress, Portland, OR %8 11/2004 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2004 %T Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Snow and Lake Water from National Parks of the Western United States %A Hageman, K J %A Usenko, S %A Glenn R Wilson %A Schmedding, D %A Cambell, D H %A Staci M Simonich %B SETAC Europe, Prague, Czechoslovakia %8 04/2004 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2004 %T Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Snow Collected at National Parks in the Western United States %A Hageman, K J %A Cambell, D H %A Glenn R Wilson %A Schmedding, D %A Usenko, S %A Staci M Simonich %B Fourth SETAC World Congress, Portland, OR %8 11/2004 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2004 %T Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Snow from National Parks of the Western United States %A Hageman, K J %A Usenko, S %A Glenn R Wilson %A Schmedding, D %A Staci M Simonich %B SETAC Europe Workshop, Milano, Italy %8 06/2004 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2004 %T Serving as the Chemical Terrorism Coordinator %A Theodore A Haigh %B US EPA IPA (Intergovernmental Personnel Act) agreement with the State of Oregon DEQ, 2004-2008 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2003 %T Atmospheric Concentrations of Semi-Volatile Organic Pollutants on the Tip of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington: Evidence of Trans-Pacific Transport? %A Staci M Simonich %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %B Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Research Conference, Vancouver, BC %8 04/2003 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2003 %T Atmospheric Transport of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds to a Remote Site on the U.S. West Coast %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %A Staci M Simonich %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Austin TX, %8 11/2003 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2002 %T ITCT 2K2: Trans-Pacific Transport of Anthropogenic Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds %A Staci M Simonich %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %B American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA %8 12/2002 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2002 %T Long-Range Transport of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds to the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. in Spring 2002 %A Staci M Simonich %A Killin, R %A Hauser, C %A Glenn R Wilson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Salt Lake City, UT %8 11/2002 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Ecological Applications %D 1999 %T DNA repair and resistance to UV-B radiation in western spotted frogs %A Andrew R Blaustein %A John B Hays %A Peter D Hoffman %A Chivers, DP %A Kiesecker, J M %A Leonard WP %A Marco, A %A Reaser, JK %A Anthony, RG %B Ecological Applications %8 1999 %G eng %N 9:3:1100-1105 %0 Journal Article %J Methods Mol Biol %D 1999 %T Measurement of activities of cyclobutane-pyrimidine-dimer and (6-4)-photoproduct photolyases. %A John B Hays %A Peter D Hoffman %K Chromatography, Thin Layer %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA %K DNA Damage %K DNA Primers %K DNA Repair %K Polymerase Chain Reaction %K Pyrimidine Dimers %K Substrate Specificity %K Ultraviolet Rays %B Methods Mol Biol %V 113 %P 133-46 %8 1999 %G eng %R 10.1385/1-59259-675-4:133 %0 Journal Article %J Oecologia %D 1998 %T A comparison of photolyase activity in three Australian tree frogs. %A van de Mortel, Thea %A Buttemer, William %A Peter D Hoffman %A John B Hays %X

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation of DNA generates mutagenic photoproducts such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) which can affect the growth and development of amphibian embryos. Differential ability to repair UV-B-induced DNA damage may be␣responsible for differences in population stability between␣some amphibian species. Photoreactivation via the enzyme photolyase is a major mechanism used to remove CPDs from DNA. The aim of this study was to determine if photolyase activity differed in three sympatric Australian amphibian species, one of which has suffered marked population declines (Litoria aurea) and two whose populations do not appear to be in decline (L. dentata and L. peronii). The specific activity of photolyase was measured in each species and compared to the hatching success of their eggs under unfiltered summer sunlight. The mean specific activities of photolyase were 1.10 ± 0.18 × 10(11), 5.76 ± 1.01 × 10(11), and 2.66 ± 0.15 × 10(11) CPDs repaired per hour per microgram of egg protein extract, for L. aurea, L. dentata and L. peronii, respectively. When intrinsic differences in hatching success between species were controlled for, the relative percentage hatching success under unfiltered sunlight of L. aurea (77%) was lower than that of L.␣peronii (91%) and L. dentata (98%); however, these values did not differ significantly. L. aurea had the lowest photolyase activity of the three species and showed a non-significant trend of reduced hatching success under UV-B exposure.

%B Oecologia %V 115 %P 366-369 %8 1998 Jul %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1007/s004420050529 %0 Report %D 1998 %T New Test Weeds Out Real Idaho Potatoes %A Hoffman, E %E Brian W Smith %E Kim A Anderson %B To Sell the Truth %8 06/1998 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %D 1997 %T An Arabidopsis photolyase mutant is hypersensitive to ultraviolet-B radiation. %A Landry, L G %A Stapleton, A E %A Lim, J %A Peter D Hoffman %A John B Hays %A Walbot, V %A Last, R L %K Apoenzymes %K Arabidopsis %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA Repair %K Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation %K Fungal Proteins %K Membrane Glycoproteins %K Mutagenesis %K Mutation %K Pyrimidine Dimers %K Radiation Tolerance %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

Photolyases are DNA repair enzymes that use energy from blue light to repair pyrimidine dimers. We report the isolation of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (uvr2-1) that is defective in photorepair of cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Whereas uvr2-1 is indistinguishable from wild type in the absence of UV light, low UV-B levels inhibit growth and cause leaf necrosis. uvr2-1 is more sensitive to UV-B than wild type when placed under white light after UV-B treatment. In contrast, recovery in darkness or in light lacking photoreactivating blue light results in equal injury in uvr2-1 and wild type. The uvr2-1 mutant is unable to remove CPDs in vivo, and plant extracts lack detectable photolyase activity. This recessive mutation segregates as a single gene located near the top of chromosome 1, and is a structural gene mutation in the type II CPD photolyase PHR1. This mutant provides evidence that CPD photolyase is required for plant survival in the presence of UV-B light.

%B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %V 94 %P 328-32 %8 1997 Jan 07 %G eng %N 1 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Toxicology %D 1997 %T The significance of Ultraviolet-B radiation to amphibian population declines. Reviews in Toxicology %A Andrew R Blaustein %A Kiesecker, J M %A Peter D Hoffman %A John B Hays %B Environmental Toxicology %V 147-165 %8 1997 %G eng %0 Report %D 1996 %T Development of a Stable Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater Reference Material for use in Compliance Monitoring QA/QC Programs %A Cook, D %A LaFleur, L. L. %A Parrish, A %A Jones, J %A Glenn R Wilson %A Hoy, D %B NCASI %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Photochem Photobiol %D 1996 %T Developmental responses of amphibians to solar and artificial UVB sources: a comparative study. %A John B Hays %A Andrew R Blaustein %A Kiesecker, J M %A Peter D Hoffman %A Pandelova, I %A Coyle, D %A Richardson, T %K Amphibians %K Animals %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA %K DNA Repair %K Female %K Ovum %K Radiation Tolerance %K Sunlight %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

Many amphibian species, in widely scattered locations, currently show population declines and/or reductions in range, but other amphibian species show no such declines. There is no known single cause for these declines. Differential sensitivity to UVB radiation among species might be one contributing factor. We have focused on amphibian eggs, potentially the most UVB-sensitive stage, and compared their resistance to UVB components of sunlight with their levels of photolyase, typically the most important enzyme for repair of the major UV photoproducts in DNA, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Photolyase varied 100-fold among eggs/oocytes of 10 species. Among three species-Hyla regilla, Rana cascadae, and Bufo boreas-for which resistance of eggs to solar UVB irradiance in their natural locations was measured, hatching success correlated strongly with photolyase. Two additional species, Rana aurora and Ambystoma gracile, now show similar correlations. Among the low-egg-photolyase species, R. cascadae and B. boreas are showing declines, and the status of A. gracile is not known. Of the two high-photolyase species, populations of H. regilla remain robust, but populations of R. aurora are showing declines. To determine whether levels of photolyase or other repair activities are affected by solar exposures during amphibian development, we have initiated an extended study of H. regilla and R. cascadae, and of Xenopus laevis, laboratory-reared specimens of which previously showed very low photolyase levels. Hyla regilla and R. cascadae tadpoles are being reared to maturity in laboratories supplemented with modest levels of UV light or light filtered to remove UVB wavelengths. Young X. laevis females are being reared indoors and outdoors. Initial observations reveal severe effects of both UVA and UVB light on H. regilla and R. cascadae tadpoles and metamorphs, including developmental abnormalities and high mortalities. Assays of photolyase levels in the skins of young animals roughly parallel previous egg/oocyte photolyase measurements for all three species.

%B Photochem Photobiol %V 64 %P 449-56 %8 1996 Sep %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Mol Gen Genet %D 1996 %T PHH1, a novel gene from Arabidopsis thaliana that encodes a protein similar to plant blue-light photoreceptors and microbial photolyases. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Batschauer, A %A John B Hays %K Amino Acid Sequence %K Apoenzymes %K Arabidopsis %K Arabidopsis Proteins %K Cryptochromes %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA Repair %K DNA, Complementary %K Drosophila Proteins %K Escherichia coli %K Eye Proteins %K Flavoproteins %K Fungal Proteins %K Genes, Plant %K Genomic Library %K Introns %K Membrane Glycoproteins %K Molecular Sequence Data %K Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate %K Plant Proteins %K Plasmids %K Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled %K Saccharomyces cerevisiae %K Transformation, Genetic %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

A cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana similar to microbial photolyase genes, and designated AT-PHH1, was isolated using a photolyase-like cDNA from Sinapsis alba (SA-PHR1) as a probe. Multiple isolations yielded only PHH1 cDNAs, and a few blue-light-receptor CRY1 (HY4) cDNAs (also similar to microbial photolyase genes), suggesting the absence of any other highly similar Arabidopsis genes. The AT-PHH1 and SA-PHR1 cDNA sequences predict 89% identity at the protein level, except for an AT-PHH1 C-terminal extension (111 amino acids), also not seen in microbial photolyases. AT-PHH1 and CRY1 show less similarity (54% p4erein identity), including respective C-terminal extensions that are themselves mostly dissimilar. Analysis of fifteen AT-PHH1 genomic isolates reveals a single gene, with three introns in the coding sequence and one in the 5'-untranslated leader. Full-length AT-PHH1, and both AT-PHH1 and AT-PHH1 delta C-513 (truncated to be approximately the size of microbial photolyase genes) cDNAs, were overexpressed, respectively, in yeast and Escherichia coli mutants hypersensitive to ultraviolet light. The absence of significant effects on resistance suggests either that any putative AT-PHH1 DNA repair activity requires cofactors/chromophores not present in yeast or E. coli, or that AT-PHH1 encodes a blue-light/ultraviolet-A receptor rather than a DNA repair protein.

%B Mol Gen Genet %V 253 %P 259-65 %8 1996 Nov 27 %G eng %N 1-2 %0 Conference Proceedings %B Proceedings International Congress of Photobiology, Vienna, Austria %D 1996 %T Responses of amphibians to solar and artificial UV light: photorepair, survival, and developmental effects %A John B Hays %A Andrew R Blaustein %A Kiesecker, J M %A Peter D Hoffman %A Pandelova, I %B Proceedings International Congress of Photobiology, Vienna, Austria %8 09/1996 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Cellular Biochemistry %D 1995 %T Differences in DNA-repair activity and sensitivity to UV-B light among eggs and oocytes of declining and stable amphibian species %A John B Hays %A Peter D Hoffman %A Andrew R Blaustein %B Journal of Cellular Biochemistry %8 1995 %G eng %N 296 %0 Journal Article %J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %D 1994 %T UV repair and resistance to solar UV-B in amphibian eggs: a link to population declines? %A Andrew R Blaustein %A Peter D Hoffman %A Hokit, D G %A Kiesecker, J M %A Walls, S C %A John B Hays %K Animals %K Anura %K Bufonidae %K Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase %K DNA %K DNA Damage %K DNA Repair %K Female %K Models, Biological %K Ovum %K Population Dynamics %K Radiation Tolerance %K Ranidae %K Species Specificity %K Ultraviolet Rays %X

The populations of many amphibian species, in widely scattered habitats, appear to be in severe decline; other amphibians show no such declines. There is no known single cause for the declines, but their widespread distribution suggests involvement of global agents--increased UV-B radiation, for example. We addressed the hypothesis that differential sensitivity among species to UV radiation contributes to these population declines. We focused on species-specific differences in the abilities of eggs to repair UV radiation damage to DNA and differential hatching success of embryos exposed to solar radiation at natural oviposition sites. Quantitative comparisons of activities of a key UV-damage-specific repair enzyme, photolyase, among oocytes and eggs from 10 amphibian species were reproducibly characteristic for a given species but varied > 80-fold among the species. Levels of photolyase generally correlated with expected exposure of eggs to sunlight. Among the frog and toad species studied, the highest activity was shown by the Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla), whose populations are not known to be in decline. The Western toad (Bufo boreas) and the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae), whose populations have declined markedly, showed significantly lower photolyase levels. In field experiments, the hatching success of embryos exposed to UV radiation was significantly greater in H. regilla than in R. cascadae and B. boreas. Moreover, in R. cascadae and B. boreas, hatching success was greater in regimes shielded from UV radiation compared with regimes that allowed UV radiation. These observations are thus consistent with the UV-sensitivity hypothesis.

%B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %V 91 %P 1791-5 %8 1994 Mar 01 %G eng %N 5 %0 Thesis %D 1992 %T Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of Hysteresis in Atmospheric Chemistry %A Theodore A Haigh %G eng %0 Generic %D 1988 %T The Possible Role of Intramolecular Transfer of Pi-Radicals in stabilization of Arene Complexes %A Theodore A Haigh %B ACS meeting %G eng