%0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Phthalates and Phthalate Alternatives Analysis Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry With Demonstration using Silicone Passive Samplers and Real-World Samples %A Kaley A Adams %E Caoilinn Haggerty %Y Richard P Scott %Y Steven G O'Connell %B SETAC North America 2023 %8 10/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2022 %T Determining chemical air equivalency using silicone personal monitors. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kim A Anderson %A Epstein, Marc I %K Air Pollutants %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Silicones %K Volatile Organic Compounds %X

BACKGROUND: Silicone personal samplers are increasingly being used to measure chemical exposures, but many of these studies do not attempt to calculate environmental concentrations.

OBJECTIVE: Using measurements of silicone wristband uptake of organic chemicals from atmospheric exposure, create log K and k predictive models based on empirical data to help develop air equivalency calculations for both volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds.

METHODS: An atmospheric vapor generator and a custom exposure chamber were used to measure the uptake of organic chemicals into silicone wristbands under simulated indoor conditions. Log K models were evaluated using repeated k-fold cross-validation. Air equivalency was compared between best-performing models.

RESULTS: Log K and log k estimates calculated from uptake data were used to build predictive models from boiling point (BP) and other parameters (all models: R = 0.70-0.94). The log K models were combined with published data and refined to create comprehensive and effective predictive models (R: 0.95-0.97). Final estimates of air equivalency using novel BP models correlated well over an example dataset (Spearman r = 0.984) across 5-orders of magnitude (<0.05 to >5000 ng/L).

SIGNIFICANCE: Data from silicone samplers can be translated into air equivalent concentrations that better characterize environmental concentrations associated with personal exposures and allow direct comparisons to regulatory levels.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %V 32 %P 268-279 %8 2022 03 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1038/s41370-021-00332-6 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2017 %T Preparation and performance features of wristband samplers and considerations for chemical exposure assessment. %A Kim A Anderson %A Points, Gary L %A Carey E Donald %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Julie Herbstman %A Steven G O'Connell %X

Wristbands are increasingly used for assessing personal chemical exposures. Unlike some exposure assessment tools, guidelines for wristbands, such as preparation, applicable chemicals, and transport and storage logistics, are lacking. We tested the wristband's capacity to capture and retain 148 chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The chemicals span a wide range of physical-chemical properties, with log octanol-air partitioning coefficients from 2.1 to 13.7. All chemicals were quantitatively and precisely recovered from initial exposures, averaging 102% recovery with relative SD ≤21%. In simulated transport conditions at +30 °C, SVOCs were stable up to 1 month (average: 104%) and VOC levels were unchanged (average: 99%) for 7 days. During long-term storage at -20 °C up to 3 (VOCs) or 6 months (SVOCs), all chemical levels were stable from chemical degradation or diffusional losses, averaging 110%. Applying a paired wristband/active sampler study with human participants, the first estimates of wristband-air partitioning coefficients for PAHs are presented to aid in environmental air concentration estimates. Extrapolation of these stability results to other chemicals within the same physical-chemical parameters is expected to yield similar results. As we better define wristband characteristics, wristbands can be better integrated in exposure science and epidemiological studies.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 26 July 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.9.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2017 Jul 26 %G eng %R 10.1038/jes.2017.9 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Environmental Health %D 2017 %T Response, Recovery, and Resilience to Oil Spills and Environmental Disasters: Exploration and Use of Novel Approaches to Enhance Community Resilience %A Reams, Margaret %E Harding, Anna %E Subra, Wilma %E Lam, Nina %E Steven G O'Connell %E Kim A Anderson %B Journal of Environmental Health %V 80 %8 09/2017 %G eng %& 8 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T PAH Accessibility in Particulate Matter from Road-Impacted Environments. %A Allan, Ian J %A Steven G O'Connell %A Meland, Sondre %A Bæk, Kine %A Grung, Merete %A Kim A Anderson %A Ranneklev, Sissel B %X

Snowmelt, surface runoff, or stormwater releases in urban environments can result in significant discharges of particulate matter-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into aquatic environments. Recently, more-specific activities such as road-tunnel washing have been identified as contributing to contaminant load to surface waters. However, knowledge of PAH accessibility in particulate matter (PM) of urban origin that may ultimately be released into urban surface waters is limited. In the present study, we evaluated the accessibility of PAHs associated with seven distinct (suspended) particulate matter samples collected from different urban sources. Laboratory-based infinite sink extractions with silicone rubber (SR) as the extractor phase demonstrated a similar pattern of PAH accessibility for most PM samples. Substantially higher accessible fractions were observed for the less-hydrophobic PAHs (between 40 and 80% of total concentrations) compared with those measured for the most-hydrophobic PAHs (<5% of total concentrations). When we focused on PAHs bound to PM from tunnel-wash waters, first-order desorption rates for PAHs with log Kow > 5.5 were found in line with those commonly found for slowly or very slowly desorbing sediment-associated contaminants. PAHs with log Kow < 5.5 were found at higher desorbing rates. The addition of detergents did not influence the extractability of lighter PAHs but increased desorption rates for the heavier PAHs, potentially contributing to increases in the toxicity of tunnel-wash waters when surfactants are used. The implications of total and accessible PAH concentrations measured in our urban PM samples are discussed in a context of management of PAH and PM emission to the surrounding aquatic environment. Although we only fully assessed PAHs in this work, further study should consider other contaminants such as OPAHs, which were also detected in all PM samples.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 07/2016 %G eng %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b00504 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T PAH and OPAH Flux during the Deepwater Horizon Incident. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure air vapor and water dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites prior to, during and after shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). Measurements were taken at each site over a 13 month period, and flux across the water-air boundary was determined. This is the first report of vapor phase and diffusive flux of both PAHs and OPAHs during the DWH. Vapor phase sum PAH and OPAH concentrations ranged between 6.6 and 210 ng/m(3) and 0.02 and 34 ng/m(3) respectively. PAH and OPAH concentrations in air exhibited different spatial and temporal trends than in water, and air-water flux of 13 individual PAHs was shown to be at least partially influenced by the DWH incident. The largest PAH volatilizations occurred at the sites in Alabama and Mississippi at nominal rates of 56 000 and 42 000 ng/m(2) day(-1) in the summer. Naphthalene was the PAH with the highest observed volatilization rate of 52 000 ng/m(2) day(-1) in June 2010. This work represents additional evidence of the DWH incident contributing to air contamination, and provides one of the first quantitative air-water chemical flux determinations with passive sampling technology.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 7489-97 %8 07/2016 %G eng %N 14 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b02784 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2016 %T Using silicone wristbands to evaluate preschool children's exposure to flame retardants. %A Molly Kile %A Richard P Scott %A Steven G O'Connell %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A MacDonald, Megan %A Megan McClelland %A Kim A Anderson %X

Silicone wristbands can be used as passive sampling tools for measuring personal environmental exposure to organic compounds. Due to the lightweight and simple design, the wristband may be a useful technique for measuring children's exposure. In this study, we tested the stability of flame retardant compounds in silicone wristbands and developed an analytical approach for measuring 41 flame retardants in the silicone wristband in order to evaluate exposure to these compounds in preschool-aged children. To evaluate the robustness of using wristbands to measure flame retardants, we evaluated the stability of 3 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), and 2 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in wristbands over 84 days and did not find any evidence of significant loss over time at either 4 or -20°C (p>0.16). We recruited a cohort of 92 preschool aged children in Oregon to wear the wristband for 7 days in order to characterize children's acceptance of the technology, and to characterize their exposure to flame retardants. Seventy-seven parents returned the wristbands for analysis of 35 BDEs, 4 OPFRs, and 2 other brominated flame retardants although 5 were excluded from the exposure assessment due to protocol deviations (n=72). A total of 20 compounds were detected above the limit of quantitation, and 11 compounds including 4 OPFRs and 7 BDEs were detected in over 60% of the samples. Children's gender, age, race, recruitment site, and family context were not significantly associated with returning wristbands or compliance with protocols. Comparisons between flame retardant data and socio-demographic information revealed significant differences in total exposures to both ΣBDEs and ΣOPFRs based on age of house, vacuuming frequency, and family context. These results demonstrate that preschool children in Oregon are exposed to BDEs that are no longer being produced in the United States and to OPFRs that have been used as an alternative to polybrominated compounds. Silicone wristbands were well tolerated by young children and were useful for characterizing personal exposure to flame retardants that were not bound to particulate matter.

%B Environ Res %V 147 %P 365-72 %8 05/2016 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.034 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Assessing Recovery, Transport, and Stability for Over 160 Compounds in Silicone Personal Passive Samplers %A Steven G O'Connell %A Points, Gary L %A Wilson, Madeline %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2015 %T In vivo contaminant partitioning to silicone implants: Implications for use in biomonitoring and body burden. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Susan Carozza %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Pennington %A Kim A Anderson %X

Silicone polymers are used for a wide array of applications from passive samplers in environmental studies, to implants used in human augmentation and reconstruction. If silicone sequesters toxicants throughout implantation, it may represent a history of exposure and potentially reduce the body burden of toxicants influencing the risk of adverse health outcomes such as breast cancer. Objectives of this research included identifying a wide variety of toxicants in human silicone implants, and measuring the in vivo absorption of contaminants into silicone and surrounding tissue in an animal model. In the first study, eight human breast implants were analyzed for over 1400 organic contaminants including consumer products, chemicals in commerce, and pesticides. A total of 14 compounds including pesticides such as trans-nonachlor (1.2-5.9ng/g) and p,p'-DDE (1.2-34ng/g) were identified in human implants, 13 of which have not been previously reported in silicone prostheses. In the second project, female ICR mice were implanted with silicone and dosed with p,p'-DDE and PCB118 by intraperitoneal injection. After nine days, silicone and adipose samples were collected, and all implants in dosed mice had p,p'-DDE and PCB118 present. Distribution ratios from silicone and surrounding tissue in mice compare well with similar studies, and were used to predict adipose concentrations in human tissue. Similarities between predicted and measured chemical concentrations in mice and humans suggest that silicone may be a reliable surrogate measure of persistent toxicants. More research is needed to identify the potential of silicone implants to refine the predictive quality of chemicals found in silicone implants.

%B Environ Int %V 85 %P 182-188 %8 9/2015 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.016 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Passive wristband sampler technology used to build bridges: Three Pilot Studies %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Richard P Scott %A Steven G O'Connell %A Carey E Donald %A Molly Kile %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A MacDonald, Megan %A Megan McClelland %B EHSC National Mtg. Tucson, AZ %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2015 %T Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and Oxygenated PAH (OPAH) Air-Water Exchange during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure air vapor and water dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites prior to, during, and after shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). Measurements were taken at each site over a 13 month period, and flux across the water-air boundary was determined. This is the first report of vapor phase and flux of both PAHs and OPAHs during the DWH. Vapor phase sum PAH and OPAH concentrations ranged between 1 and 24 ng/m(3) and 0.3 and 27 ng/m(3), respectively. PAH and OPAH concentrations in air exhibited different spatial and temporal trends than in water, and air-water flux of 13 individual PAHs were strongly associated with the DWH incident. The largest PAH volatilizations occurred at the sites in Alabama and Mississippi in the summer, each nominally 10 000 ng/m(2)/day. Acenaphthene was the PAH with the highest observed volatilization rate of 6800 ng/m(2)/day in September 2010. This work represents additional evidence of the DWH incident contributing to air contamination, and provides one of the first quantitative air-water chemical flux determinations with passive sampling technology.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 49 %P 141-9 %8 1/2015 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1021/es503827y %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Component-based analysis of OPAH interaction effects in zebrafish %A Carey E Donald %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Brian W Smith %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 35th Annual Meeting %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with zebrafish toxicity of Deepwater Horizon samples: a bottom-up approach %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Pollut %D 2014 %T Improvements in pollutant monitoring: Optimizing silicone for co-deployment with polyethylene passive sampling devices. %A Steven G O'Connell %A McCartney, Melissa A %A LB Paulik %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %X

Sequestering semi-polar compounds can be difficult with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), but those pollutants may be more efficiently absorbed using silicone. In this work, optimized methods for cleaning, infusing reference standards, and polymer extraction are reported along with field comparisons of several silicone materials for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides. In a final field demonstration, the most optimal silicone material is coupled with LDPE in a large-scale study to examine PAHs in addition to oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) at a Superfund site. OPAHs exemplify a sensitive range of chemical properties to compare polymers (log Kow 0.2-5.3), and transformation products of commonly studied parent PAHs. On average, while polymer concentrations differed nearly 7-fold, water-calculated values were more similar (about 3.5-fold or less) for both PAHs (17) and OPAHs (7). Individual water concentrations of OPAHs differed dramatically between silicone and LDPE, highlighting the advantages of choosing appropriate polymers and optimized methods for pollutant monitoring.

%B Environ Pollut %V 193C %P 71-78 %8 07/2014 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25009960?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.019 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Optimizing silicone for co-deployment with low-denisty polyethylene passive sampling %A Steven G O'Connell %A McCartney, Melissa A %A LB Paulik %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B 35th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2014 %T Passive sampling coupled to ultraviolet irradiation: a useful analytical approach for studying oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in bioavailable mixtures. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %X

The authors investigated coupling passive sampling technologies with ultraviolet irradiation experiments to study polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and oxygenated PAH transformation processes in real-world bioavailable mixtures. Passive sampling device (PSD) extracts were obtained from coastal waters impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and Superfund sites in Portland, Oregon, USA. Oxygenated PAHs were found in the contaminated waters with our PSDs. All mixtures were subsequently exposed to a mild dose of ultraviolet B (UVB). A reduction in PAH levels and simultaneous formation of several oxygenated PAHs were measured. Site-specific differences were observed with UVB-exposed PSD mixtures.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %V 33 %P 177-81 %8 01/2014 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24123227?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/etc.2410 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Response to comment on "Silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers". %A Steven G O'Connell %A Susan Carozza %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Kim A Anderson %K Environmental Monitoring %K Environmental Pollutants %K Humans %K Occupational Exposure %K Silicones %B Environ Sci Technol %V 48 %P 8927 %8 08/2014 %G eng %N 15 %R 10.1021/es503177x %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Silicone Wristbands as Personal Passive Samplers. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %X

Active-sampling approaches are commonly used for personal monitoring, but are limited by energy usage and data that may not represent an individual's exposure or bioavailable concentrations. Current passive techniques often involve extensive preparation, or are developed for only a small number of targeted compounds. In this work, we present a novel application for measuring bioavailable exposure with silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers. Laboratory methodology affecting pre-cleaning, infusion, and extraction were developed from commercially available silicone, and chromatographic background interference was reduced after solvent cleanup with good extraction efficiency (>96%). After finalizing laboratory methods, 49 compounds were sequestered during an ambient deployment which encompassed a diverse set of compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), consumer products, personal care products, pesticides, phthalates, and other industrial compounds ranging in log Kow from -0.07 (caffeine) to 9.49 (tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate). In two hot asphalt occupational settings, silicone personal samplers sequestered 25 PAHs during 8- and 40-hour exposures, as well as 2 oxygenated-PAHs (benzofluorenone and fluorenone) suggesting temporal sensitivity over a single work day or week (p<0.05, power = 0.85). Additionally, the amount of PAH sequestered differed between worksites (p<0.05, power = 0.99), suggesting spatial sensitivity using this novel application.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 02/2014 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24548134?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/es405022f %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Silicone Wristbands as Personal Passive Samplers %A Kim A Anderson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Laurel D Kincl %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Using silicone as biomonitors of exposure and potential body burden sinks for lipophilic toxicants. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Jamie Pennington %A Diana Rohlman %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Susan Carozza %A Kim A Anderson %K Humans %K implant %K Mice %K silicone %B 35th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Vancouver, BC Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Using silicone wristbands as personal monitoring devices. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kim A Anderson %B Northwest Occupational Health Conference Annual Conference, Richland, WA %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Air – Water Exchange of PAH during the DWH Incident %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Corvallis Oregon %8 09/2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2013 %T An analytical investigation of 24 oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) using liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %X

We developed two independent approaches for separation and quantitation of 24 oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) using both liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-APCI/MS) and gas chromatography-electron impact/mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS). Building on previous OPAH research, we examined laboratory stability of OPAHs, improved existing method parameters, and compared quantification strategies using standard addition and an internal standard on an environmental sample. Of 24 OPAHs targeted in this research, 19 compounds are shared between methods, with 3 uniquely quantitated by GC-EI/MS and 2 by LC-APCI/MS. Using calibration standards, all GC-EI/MS OPAHs were within 15 % of the true value and had less than 15 % relative standard deviations (RSDs) for interday variability. Similarly, all LC-APCI/MS OPAHs were within 20 % of the true value and had less than 15 % RSDs for interday variability. Instrument limits of detection ranged from 0.18 to 36 ng mL(-1) on the GC-EI/MS and 2.6 to 26 ng mL(-1) on the LC-APCI/MS. Four standard reference materials were analyzed with each method, and we report some compounds not previously published in these materials, such as perinaphthenone and xanthone. Finally, an environmental passive sampling extract from Portland Harbor Superfund, OR was analyzed by each method using both internal standard and standard addition to compensate for potential matrix effects. Internal standard quantitation resulted in increased precision with similar accuracy to standard addition for most OPAHs using 2-fluoro-fluorenone-(13)C as an internal standard. Overall, this work improves upon OPAH analytical methods and provides some considerations and strategies for OPAHs as focus continues to expand on this emerging chemical class.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %V 405 %P 8885-96 %8 11/2013 %G eng %N 27 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005604?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s00216-013-7319-x %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with embryonic zebrafish toxicity of Gulf of Mexico samples around the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a bottom-up approach. %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Advisory Council Meeting %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with zebrafish toxicity of Deepwater Horizon samples: a bottom-up approach %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America National Meeting, Nashville, TN %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with zebrafish toxicity of Gulf of Mexico samples around the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a bottom-up approach %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Advisory Council, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with zebrafish toxicity of Gulf of Mexico samples around the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a bottom-up approach %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Corvallis, OR %8 09/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Exchange of PAHs and OPAHs Accross the Air-Water Boundry during the DWH Oil Spill %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 34th Annual Conference, Nashville, TN, USA. %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Integrating passive sampling with UV irradiation and bioassays: an approach for modeling PAH degradation and phototoxicity in bioavailable mixtures %A Elie, Marc R %A Norman D Forsberg %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B 34th Annual SETAC Meeting %8 2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Novel Technologies for OPAH and PAH Identification in Personal and Environmental Complex Mixtures %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A LB Paulik %A Kim A Anderson %B 11th International Conference on Environmental Mutagens, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Passive Sampling Capacity Building with the K.C. Donnelly Externship %A Steven G O'Connell %A Lane G Tidwell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B 26th Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting, Baton Rouge LA %8 10/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Passive sampling coupled to UVB irradiation: a useful analytical approach for modeling toxic oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in bioavailable mixtures %A Elie, Marc R %A Norman D Forsberg %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B 246th ACS National Meeting %8 2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Assessment and source-modeling of bioavailable contaminants in Gulf of Mexico coastal waters before, during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Kim A Anderson %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Lane G Tidwell %B 243rd ACS National Meeting %8 03/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Development and Validation of Complementary LCMS and GCMS Methods to Examine Oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) in Environmental Mixtures %A Steven G O'Connell %A Theodore A Haigh %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B 25th Annual Meeting of the Superfund Research Program %8 10/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Preserving the Environment and Toxicity Linkage by Combining Passive Sampling Technologies with Environmental Stressors to Identify Unknown Toxicants %A Norman D Forsberg %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kim A Anderson %X

Regulatory agencies are required to mitigate human and ecological exposure to toxic chemicals of concern. In order to meet this demand, chemical drivers of toxicity and accurate exposure pathways must be identified. Though mixtures are complex systems, it has been postulated that the bioavailable fraction of mixtures is linked to toxicity. Applying additional stressors to chemical mixtures will likely transform the composition of the bioavailable fraction and induce differential toxicological responses. In order to more accurately characterize exposure, regulatory agencies need experimental approaches that can determine the effect of natural/remediation processes on the bioavailable fraction of chemical mixtures and mixture toxicity.

Passive sampling devices (PSDs) readily sequester the bioavailable fraction of environmentally relevant mixtures, which includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We hypothesized that perturbations of PSD extracts via UV light exposure could reduce concentrations of PAHs and simultaneously increase concentrations of currently unmonitored oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs). PSD samples collected from the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite and the waters of the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster were exposed to UV light (λ = 313 nm) for 30 minutes at an irradiance roughly 30-40 times greater than a single sunny day in Northern US cities. Along with PSD samples, 1 ppm standard mixtures of 16 EPA priority pollutant PAHs were also exposed. PAHs and 22 oxy-PAHs were quantified in pre- and post-UV exposed samples using a recently expanded and validated GC-MS analytical method. It was found that the concentration of nearly half of the monitored PAHs were significantly reduced in standard mixtures following UV exposure, while levels of 9,10-anthraquinone and 7,12-benz[a]anthracenequinone were increased by roughly an order of magnitude relative to controls. Similar results were observed in environmentally relevant PSD samples. Combining PSD technology with other environmental stressors could provide a powerful approach for identifying emerging chemicals of concern, accurate exposure pathways, and chemical drivers of toxicity.

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual National Conference %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Superfund Research Program - KC Donnelly Externship Award %A Steven G O'Connell %8 2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Three Different Demonstration Applications of an Innovative Air sampling Technology to Adress Community-based Environmental Exposures: Oil Spills, Legacy and Emerging Contaminants at Community-Industry land Boundaries and Food Preparation %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jamie Donatuto %A Stuart Harris %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although communities often want and need chemical monitoring data to characterize chemicals in their environmental or from their activities, air monitoring equipment is often cost prohibitive or technically impractical.   We are further developing air monitoring bio-analytical tools that employ our passive sampling device (PSD).  PSDs require no external power, require minimal training for quality controlled sampling, and can be quickly and inexpensively deployed.  PSD are capable of providing qualitative and quantitative characterization of exposure to the bioavailable vapor phase fraction of legacy and emerging contaminants in the atmosphere. We demonstrate our PSD’s utility in three vastly different scenarios; before, during and after the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill in spring of 2010, at the interface of community tribal lands and high intensity industrial activities, and finally in Native American fish smoking activities.  Legacy and emerging PAHs were characterized for all three scenarios; analysis of PSD extracts using a 1,200 analyte screening method was also undertaken.  Acute chemical spills generally require a quick response, and often there is a significant, or unknown, exposure prior to elaborate air monitoring equipment setup.  We deployed air PSDs prior to, during and after shoreline oiling from the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida.  Emerging and legacy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified in the air PSD. PSDs were also screened for an additional 1,200 contaminants of concern.  We demonstrate the utility of the air PSD to respond to acute chemical spills, and to gather chemical data sets on a wide range of contaminants. Communities adjacent to highly industrialized lands often want to understand the contribution of contaminants of concern from industrial activities to their ambient activities.  The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) offered their lands to further test our developing air PSD technology and to address these kinds of questions.  PSD were deployed at SITC, which borders a petroleum facility, continuously for a yearlong study, from these PSD samples legacy and emerging PAHs were identified and quantified.  The results indicate spatial and temporal trends that were related to the activities of the tribal community and the petroleum facility.  While PSDs have been demonstrated as a surrogate of fish for aquatic environment assessment, atmospheric PSDs have not been previously used as a surrogate of food for preparation technique assessment.  Community-based requests often include understanding the effects of special food preparations that are culturally important.  The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) requested an assessment of their fish smoking methods.  As part of a larger study, we deployed air PSDs during the CTUIR smoking events to further evaluate the utility of using our PSD as a surrogate of smoke-processed fish.  In a side-by-side study the PSDs were paired with salmon during smoking.  PAHs were quantified from the air PSD and compared with the smoked salmon.  The results show excellent promise for an alternative method for assessing food smoking preparation techniques. Throughout these three studies the OSU SRP Research Translation and Community Engagement Cores partnered to develop culturally appropriate messages and data interpretation including workshops, print materials, brochures, and web-based information.

%B Connecting Research and Practice: A Dialogue between ATSDR and the NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Atlanta, Georgia %8 08/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Utilizing Comprehensive Methodologies to Examine Chemical Contaminants including Oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) in Gulf of Mexico Complex Mixtures during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill %A Steven G O'Connell %A Theodore A Haigh %A Sarah E Allan %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC 33rd North American Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Utilizing Passive Sampling for Rapid Response to Assess Atmospheric Exposure to PAHs Before, During and After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in crude oil and may persist in the environment even after visible evidence is gone. Volatilization of crude oil can be one route of exposure for PAHs.  Exposures of PAHs from crude oil spills typically occurs concurrent with the spill or prior to significant weathering of the oil. Acute chemical spills generally initiate a rapid clean up response; however, there is often a significant exposure period prior to elaborate air monitoring equipment setup.  Because PSDs do not require elaborate equipment or electricity, we were able to sample within days of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. We deployed passive sampling devices (PSDs) for air sampling prior to, during and after shoreline oiling. Study locations included sites in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. PSDs mimic the chemical uptake of biomembranes by exploiting the fugacities of vapor phase compounds in the atmosphere. Chemical data from PSD extracts can be employed to assess potential exposure, transport, fate and sourcing of emerging and legacy contaminants in the atmosphere. 

Forty two samples were collected over a 15 month period beginning in May 2010; passive sampling devices were used to monitor the bioavailable concentration of PAHs in air. Prior to shoreline oiling, baseline data was obtained at all the study sites, allowing for direct before and after comparisons of PAH air contamination due to oiling. Samples were analyzed using a method composed of 33 emerging and legacy PAHs. As many as 18 PAHs were quantified in some air PSD extracts. Flouranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene were the largest contributors to the total vapor phase PAH concentration at our sampling sites. PSDs were also screened for an additional 1,200 contaminants of concern. Analysis of PSDs with this screening method resulted in positive identification of oxygen, sulfanate and nitrogen substituted PAHs, pesticides, and compounds used in industry such as musks and flame retardants. Our study demonstrates the utility of air PSDs to respond to acute chemical spills and collect chemical data sets on a wide range of contaminants in a more rapid fashion than traditional air monitoring technologies. During this study OSU’s Superfund Research Program Research Translation and Community Engagement Cores developed resources including workshops, brochures, and web-based information available to the communities impacted by the spill.

%B SETAC North America %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Pre- and post- shoreline oiling assessment of bioavailable PAH compounds in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC – Gulf Oil Spill Focused Topic Meeting %I SETAC – Gulf Oil Spill Focused Topic Meeting %8 04/2011 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Assessment of bioavailable PAH compounds in water and air at near shore locations in the Gulf of Mexico pre- and post- shoreline oiling during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Kim A Anderson %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %B Invited plenary speaker, Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Bioavailable PAH compounds in coastal marine waters of the Gulf of Mexico pre and post shoreline oiling during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Deepwater Horizon oil spill sites used to demonstrate atmospheric passive samplers coupled with a 1200 analyte screening method %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %I SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Demonstrating Silicone Passive Samplers in a Model Urban Harbor and Superfund Site for a Suite of Semi-polar Organic Contaminants %A Steven G O'Connell %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T NIEHS Research Training Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %B National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T SETAC Travel Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Superfund Research Program 1st Place Poster Presentation Award %A Steven G O'Connell %B Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Utilizing Silicone Passive Samplers to Expand Environmental Monitoring for the Portland Harbor %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Glenn R Wilson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2009 %T College of Charleston Graduate School Best Poster Presentation Award %A Steven G O'Connell %G eng %0 Generic %D 2008 %T 29th Annual Sea Turtle Symposium Student Travel Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %B 29th Annual Sea Turtle Symposium %G eng %0 Generic %D 2008 %T College of Charleston Graduate School Travel Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %G eng %0 Generic %D 2008 %T College of Charleston Marine Biology Graduate Program Travel Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T 28th Annual Sea Turtle Symposium Student Travel Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %B 28th Annual Sea Turtle Symposium %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T College of Charleston Graduate School Travel Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T College of Charleston Marine Biology Graduate Program Travel Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T College of Charleston Marine Biology Graduate Student Association Travel Grant %A Steven G O'Connell %G eng