%0 Journal Article %J Geohealth %D 2024 %T PM Is Insufficient to Explain Personal PAH Exposure. %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Miller, Rachel L %A Laurel D Kincl %A Julie Herbstman %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

To understand how chemical exposure can impact health, researchers need tools that capture the complexities of personal chemical exposure. In practice, fine particulate matter (PM) air quality index (AQI) data from outdoor stationary monitors and Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke density data from satellites are often used as proxies for personal chemical exposure, but do not capture total chemical exposure. Silicone wristbands can quantify more individualized exposure data than stationary air monitors or smoke satellites. However, it is not understood how these proxy measurements compare to chemical data measured from wristbands. In this study, participants wore daily wristbands, carried a phone that recorded locations, and answered daily questionnaires for a 7-day period in multiple seasons. We gathered publicly available daily PM AQI data and HMS data. We analyzed wristbands for 94 organic chemicals, including 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Wristband chemical detections and concentrations, behavioral variables (e.g., time spent indoors), and environmental conditions (e.g., PM AQI) significantly differed between seasons. Machine learning models were fit to predict personal chemical exposure using PM AQI only, HMS only, and a multivariate feature set including PM AQI, HMS, and other environmental and behavioral information. On average, the multivariate models increased predictive accuracy by approximately 70% compared to either the AQI model or the HMS model for all chemicals modeled. This study provides evidence that PM AQI data alone or HMS data alone is insufficient to explain personal chemical exposures. Our results identify additional key predictors of personal chemical exposure.

%B Geohealth %V 8 %P e2023GH000937 %8 2024 Feb %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1029/2023GH000937 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2024 %T Predicting personal PAH exposure using high dimensional questionnaire and wristband data. %A McLarnan, Sarah M %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Cavalier, Haleigh M %A Diana Rohlman %A Miller, Rachel L %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %A Julie Herbstman %X

BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of pervasive environmental pollutants with a variety of known health effects. While significant work has been completed to estimate personal exposure to PAHs, less has been done to identify sources of these exposures. Comprehensive characterization of reported sources of personal PAH exposure is a critical step to more easily identify individuals at risk of high levels of exposure and for developing targeted interventions based on source of exposure.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we leverage data from a New York (NY)-based birth cohort to identify personal characteristics or behaviors associated with personal PAH exposure and develop models for the prediction of PAH exposure.

METHODS: We quantified 61 PAHs measured using silicone wristband samplers in association with 75 questionnaire variables from 177 pregnant individuals. We evaluated univariate associations between each compound and questionnaire variable, conducted regression tree analysis for each PAH compound and completed a principal component analysis of for each participant's entire PAH exposure profile to determine the predictors of PAH levels.

RESULTS: Regression tree analyses of individual compounds and exposure mixture identified income, time spent outdoors, maternal age, country of birth, transportation type, and season as the variables most frequently predictive of exposure.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2024 Jan 05 %G eng %R 10.1038/s41370-023-00617-y %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2024 %T Utilizing a 1530 Chemical Screening Method to Identify and Characterize Potentially Wildfire-Specific Chemicals %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 63rd Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, UT %8 03/2024 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Curr Opin Toxicol %D 2023 %T Advances in PAH mixture toxicology enabled by zebrafish. %A Lindsay B Wilson %A Ian L Moran %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds produced by a variety of petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. PAHs inherently occur in the environment in complex mixtures. The early life-stage zebrafish model is a valuable tool for high-throughput screening (HTS) for toxicity of complex chemical mixtures due to its rapid development, high fecundity, and superb sensitivity to chemical insult. Zebrafish are amenable to exposure to surrogate mixtures as well as extracts of environmental samples and effect-directed analysis. In addition to its utility to HTS, the zebrafish has proven an excellent model for assessing chemical modes of action and identifying molecular initiating and other key events in an Adverse Outcome Pathway framework. Traditional methods of assessing PAH mixture toxicity prioritize carcinogenic potential and lack consideration of non-carcinogenic modes of action, assuming a similar molecular initiating event for all PAHs. Recent work in zebrafish has made it clear that while PAHs belong to the same chemical class, their modes of action can be divergent. Future research should use zebrafish to better classify PAHs by their bioactivity and modes of action to better understand mixture hazards.

%B Curr Opin Toxicol %V 34 %8 2023 Jun %G eng %R 10.1016/j.cotox.2023.100392 %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2023 %T Benzo[a]pyrene toxicokinetics in humans following dietary supplementation with 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) or Brussels sprouts. %A Monica L. Vermillion Maier %A Siddens, Lisbeth K %A Jamie Pennington %A Sandra Uesugi %A Susan C Tilton %A Vertel, Emily A %A Kim A Anderson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Ted J Ognibene %A Kenneth Turteltaub %A Jordan Smith %A Williams, David E %X

Utilizing the atto-zeptomole sensitivity of UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry (UPLC-AMS), we previously demonstrated significant first-pass metabolism following escalating (25-250 ng) oral micro-dosing in humans of [C]-benzo[a]pyrene ([C]-BaP). The present study examines the potential for supplementation with Brussels sprouts (BS) or 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) to alter plasma levels of [C]-BaP and metabolites over a 48-h period following micro-dosing with 50 ng (5.4 nCi) [C]-BaP. Volunteers were dosed with [C]-BaP following fourteen days on a cruciferous vegetable restricted diet, or the same diet supplemented for seven days with 50 g of BS or 300 mg of BR-DIM® prior to dosing. BS or DIM reduced total [C] recovered from plasma by 56-67% relative to non-intervention. Dietary supplementation with DIM markedly increased T and reduced C for [C]-BaP indicative of slower absorption. Both dietary treatments significantly reduced C values of four downstream BaP metabolites, consistent with delaying BaP absorption. Dietary treatments also appeared to reduce the T and the plasma AUC() for Unknown Metabolite C, indicating some effect in accelerating clearance of this metabolite. Toxicokinetic constants for other metabolites followed the pattern for [C]-BaP (metabolite profiles remained relatively consistent) and non-compartmental analysis did not indicate other significant alterations. Significant amounts of metabolites in plasma were at the bay region of [C]-BaP irrespective of treatment. Although the number of subjects and large interindividual variation are limitations of this study, it represents the first human trial showing dietary intervention altering toxicokinetics of a defined dose of a known human carcinogen.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %P 116377 %8 2023 Jan 12 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116377 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Environ Occup Health %D 2023 %T Chemical contaminant exposures assessed using silicone wristbands among fuel station attendants, taxi drivers and commercial motorcycle riders in Kampala, Uganda. %A Atusingwize, Edwinah %A Diana Rohlman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Wafula, Solomon Tsebeni %A Musoke, David %A Buregyeya, Esther %A Mugambe, Richard K %A Ndejjo, Rawlance %A Ssempebwa, John C %A Kim A Anderson %X

There are concerns over traffic-related air pollution in Uganda's capital, Kampala. Individuals in the transportation sector are hypothesized to be at greater risk for exposure to volatile organic compounds, given their proximity to vehicle exhaust. Silicone wristbands are a wearable technology that passively sample individuals' chemical exposures. We conducted a pilot cross sectional study to measure personal exposures to volatile organic compounds among 14 transportation workers who wore a wristband for five days. We analyzed for 75 volatile organic compounds; 33 chemicals (35%) were detected and quantified in at least 50% of the samples and 15 (16%) chemicals were detected and quantified across all the samples. Specific chemicals were associated with participants' occupation. The findings can guide future large studies to inform policy and practice to reduce exposure to chemicals in the environment in Kampala.

%B Arch Environ Occup Health %P 1-11 %8 2023 Nov 02 %G eng %R 10.1080/19338244.2023.2275144 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Comparative Hazard Potential of Environmentally Relevant Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %A M. L. Morshead %A Truong, Lisa %A Simonich, Michael T %A J. Scotten %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %B Society of Toxicology 62nd Annual Meeting in Nashville, TN %8 03/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Occup Environ Med %D 2023 %T Comparing Longitudinal Measures of Cholinesterase as Biomarkers for Insecticide Exposure Among Latinx Children in Rural Farmworker and Urban Non-Farmworker Communities in North Carolina. %A Sara A Quandt %A Smith, Sydney A %A Thomas A Arcury %A Haiying Chen %A Kirstin Hester %A Carey N Pope %A Kim A Anderson %A Paul J Laurienti %X

OBJECTIVE: In a two-group prospective design, this study compares seasonal cholinesterase levels of Latinx children in rural farmworker families and comparable urban children, to assess the impact of environmental exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides.

METHODS: Quarterly blood samples and passive dosimeter wristbands were collected over 2 years in 8 year old children (74 rural, 62 urban). Laboratory analysis assessed total cholinesterase (total ChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) from blood samples, and insecticides from wristbands.

RESULTS: In spring and summer, total ChE and AChE levels were depressed in rural children compared to winter and fall. BChE was depressed in rural children in fall, compared to spring and summer. Adjustment for insecticide exposure did not affect these associations.

CONCLUSIONS: Environmental exposures to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides have measurable biochemical effects on blood cholinesterases in rural children from farmworker families.

%B J Occup Environ Med %8 2023 Sep 06 %G eng %R 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002965 %0 Book Section %B The sixth Oregon Climate Assessment %D 2023 %T Composition of Wildfire Smoke and Health Risks %A Diana Rohlman %A Attridge, Samuel %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Kim A Anderson %B The sixth Oregon Climate Assessment %V 6 %P 192-206 %G eng %U https://oregonstate.app.box.com/s/flkcz3xp7vgf4groe0jbitdjkbi8sizl %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2023 %T Concurrent assessment of diffusive and advective PAH movement strongly affected by temporal and spatial changes. %A Christine C Ghetu %A Ian L Moran %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Chemical movement influences exposure, remediation and interventions. Understanding chemical movement in addition to chemical concentrations at contaminated sites is critical to informed decision making. Using seepage meters and passive sampling devices we assessed both diffusive and advective flux of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at three time points, across two seasons, at a former creosote site in St. Helens, Oregon, United States. To our knowledge, this is the first time both diffusive and advective fluxes have been measured simultaneously at a contaminated site. Concentrations of 39 parent PAHs were determined by gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Across both seasons and all sites, diffusive flux of PAHs was up to three orders of magnitude larger than advective flux. Release of PAHs from sediments and water were identified, likely from legacy contamination, as well as deposition from the air into the site from contemporary and other sources. The majority of PAH movement was comprised of three and four ring PAHs. Chemical movement on the site was found to be spatially and temporally variable. Volatilization decreased and atmospheric deposition increased from summer to fall. At the locations with higher levels of contamination, sum PAH release from sediments decreased by more than two orders of magnitude from summer to late fall. These data reflect the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of this site and demonstrate the importance of seasonality in assessing chemical movement at contaminated sites. Results from this study can inform future legacy site assessments to optimize remediation strategies and assess remediation effectiveness.

%B Sci Total Environ %P 168765 %8 2023 Nov 20 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168765 %0 Journal Article %D 2023 %T Data to Accompany: Expanding the access of wearable silicone wristbands in community-engaged research through best practices in data analysis and integration %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Degnan, David J %A Diana Rohlman %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %X

Wearable silicone wristbands are a rapidly growing exposure assessment technology that offer researchers the ability to study previously inaccessible cohorts and have the potential to provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical exposure within diverse communities. However, there are no established best practices for analyzing the data within a study or across multiple studies, thereby limiting impact and access of these data for larger meta-analyses. We utilize data from three studies, from over 600 wristbands worn by participants in New York City and Eugene, Oregon, to present a first-of-its-kind manuscript detailing wristband data properties. We further discuss and provide concrete examples of key areas and considerations in common statistical modeling methods where best practices must be established to enable meta-analyses and integration of data from multiple studies. Finally, we detail important and challenging aspects of machine learning, meta-analysis, and data integration that researchers will face in order to extend beyond the limited scope of individual studies focused on specific populations.

%8 09/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2023 %T Determinants of exposure to endocrine disruptors following hurricane Harvey. %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Walker, C %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %X

Hurricane Harvey was a category four storm that induced catastrophic flooding in the Houston metropolitan area. Following the hurricane there was increased concern regarding chemical exposures due to damage caused by flood waters and emergency excess emissions from industrial facilities. This study utilized personal passive samplers in the form of silicone wristbands in Houston, TX to both assess chemical exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) immediately after the hurricane and determine participant characteristics associated with higher concentrations of exposure. Participants from the Houston-3H cohort (n = 172) wore a wristband for seven days and completed a questionnaire to determine various flood-related and demographic variables. Bivariate and multivariate analysis indicated that living in an area with a high Area Deprivation Index (ADI) (indicative of low socioeconomic status), identifying as Black/African American or Latino, and living in the Houston neighborhoods of Baytown and East Houston were associated with increased exposure to EDCs. These results provide evidence of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic injustices in exposure to EDCs in the Houston Metropolitan Area. Since the multiple regression models conducted did not fully explain exposure (0.047 < R2 < 0.34), more research is needed on the direct sources of EDCs within this area to create effective exposure mitigation strategies.

%B Environ Res %P 114867 %8 01/2023 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114867 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2023 %T Diffusive fluxes of persistent organic pollutants between Arctic atmosphere, surface waters and sediments. %A Ian L Moran %A Lane G Tidwell %A Michael L Barton %A Molly Kile %A Miller, Pamela %A Diana Rohlman %A Seguinot-Medina, Samarys %A Ungwiluk, Bobby %A Waghiyi, Vi %A Kim A Anderson %X

Arctic communities are disproportionately exposed to pollutants from sources including global atmospheric transport and formerly used defense sites (FUDS). The effects of climate change and increasing development in the Arctic have the potential to exacerbate this problem. Yupik People of Sivuqaq, or St Lawrence Island, Alaska are one such community with documented exposures to pollutants from FUDS, and their traditional lipid-rich foods such as blubber and rendered oils of marine mammals. Troutman Lake, adjacent to the Yupik community of Gambell, Alaska, was used as a disposal site during the decommission of the adjacent FUDS, leading to community concern about exposure to military pollution and intrusion from historic local dump sites. In collaboration with a local community group, this study utilized passive sampling devices deployed in Troutman Lake. Air, water and sediment deployed samplers were analyzed for unsubstituted and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), brominated and organophosphate flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PAH concentrations were low and comparable to other remote/rural locations. PAHs were generally in deposition from the overlying atmosphere into Troutman Lake. Of the flame retardants, brominated diphenyl ether-47 was detected in all surface water samplers while triphenyl phosphate was detected in all environmental compartments. Both were at concentrations equivalent or lower than other remote locations. Of particular interest, we measured higher atmospheric concentrations of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (0.75-2.8 ng/m) than previously reported in the literature for remote Arctic sites (<0.017-0.56 ng/m). TCEP was found to be in deposition to Troutman Lake at magnitudes from 290 to 1300 ng/m/day. No PCBs were detected in this study. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of both modern and legacy chemicals from local and global sources. These results help us to understand the fate of anthropogenic contaminants in dynamic Arctic systems providing valuable data for communities, policy makers and scientists.

%B Sci Total Environ %P 164566 %8 2023 Jun 01 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164566 %0 Conference Paper %D 2023 %T Environmental and Genetic Insights into Carcinogenesis: An Approach using Passive Sampling and CHIP Analysis in the Companion Dog %A Christopher Husted %A Kate Megquier %A Adam Harris %A Diane P. Genereux %A Kim A Anderson %A Alexander Bick %A Frances Chen %A Elinor Karlsson %G eng %0 Journal Article %J bioRxiv %D 2023 %T Expanding the access of wearable silicone wristbands in community-engaged research through best practices in data analysis and integration. %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Degnan, David J %A Diana Rohlman %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %X

Wearable silicone wristbands are a rapidly growing exposure assessment technology that offer researchers the ability to study previously inaccessible cohorts and have the potential to provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical exposure within diverse communities. However, there are no established best practices for analyzing the data within a study or across multiple studies, thereby limiting impact and access of these data for larger meta-analyses. We utilize data from three studies, from over 600 wristbands worn by participants in New York City and Eugene, Oregon, to present a first-of-its-kind manuscript detailing wristband data properties. We further discuss and provide concrete examples of key areas and considerations in common statistical modeling methods where best practices must be established to enable meta-analyses and integration of data from multiple studies. Finally, we detail important and challenging aspects of machine learning, meta-analysis, and data integration that researchers will face in order to extend beyond the limited scope of individual studies focused on specific populations.

%B bioRxiv %8 2023 Oct 02 %G eng %R 10.1101/2023.09.29.560217 %0 Journal Article %D 2023 %T Follicular DNA Damage and Pesticide Exposure Among Latinx Children in Rural and Urban Communities %A Cassandra Lepetit %A Mohamed Gaber %A Ke Zhou %A Haiying Chen %A Julia Holmes %A Phillip Summers %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Carey N Pope %A Kirstin Hester %A Paul J Laurienti %A Sara A Quandt %A Thomas A Arcury %A Pierre‑Alexandre Vidi %X

The intersectional risks of children in United States immigrant communities include environmental exposures. Pesticide exposures and their biological outcomes are not well characterized in this population group. We assessed pesticide exposure and related these exposures to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Latinx children from rural, farmworker families (FW; N = 30) and from urban, non-farmworker families (NFW; N = 15) living in North Carolina. DSBs were quantified in hair follicular cells by immunostaining of 53BP1, and exposure to 72 pesticides and pesticide degradation products were determined using silicone wristbands. Cholinesterase activity was measured in blood samples. DSB frequencies were higher in FW compared to NFW children. Seasonal effects were detected in the FW group, with highest DNA damage levels in April–June and lowest levels in October–November. Acetylcholinesterase depression had the same seasonality and correlated with follicular DNA damage. Organophosphate pesticides were more frequently detected in FW than in NFW children. Participants with organophosphate detections had increased follicular DNA damage compared to participants without organophosphate detection. Follicular DNA damage did not correlate with organochlorine or pyrethroid detections and was not associated with the total number of pesticides detected in the wristbands. These results point to rural disparities in pesticide exposures and their outcomes in children from vulnerable immigrant communities. They suggest that among the different classes of pesticides, organophosphates have the strongest genotoxic effects. Assessing pesticide exposures and their consequences at the individual level is key to environmental surveillance programs. To this end, the minimally invasive combined approach used here is particularly well suited for children.

%8 09/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Chem Biol Interact %D 2023 %T Impact of phenanthrene co-administration on the toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in humans. UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry following oral microdosing. %A Monica L. Vermillion Maier %A Siddens, Lisbeth K %A Jamie Pennington %A Sandra Uesugi %A Labut, Edwin M %A Vertel, Emily A %A Kim A Anderson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Susan C Tilton %A Ted J Ognibene %A Kenneth Turteltaub %A Jordan Smith %A Williams, David E %X

Current risk assessments for environmental carcinogens rely on animal studies utilizing doses orders of magnitude higher than actual human exposures. Epidemiological studies of people with high exposures (e.g., occupational) are of value, but rely on uncertain exposure data. In addition, exposures are typically not to a single chemical but to mixtures, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The extremely high sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) allows for dosing humans with known carcinogens with de minimus risk. In this study UPLC-AMS was used to assess the toxicokinetics of [C]-benzo[a]pyrene ([C]-BaP) when dosed alone or in a binary mixture with phenanthrene (Phe). Plasma was collected for 48 h following a dose of [C]-BaP (50 ng, 5.4 nCi) or the same dose of [C]-BaP plus Phe (1250 ng). Following the binary mixture, C of [C]-BaP significantly decreased (4.4-fold) whereas the volume of distribution (V) increased (2-fold). Further, the toxicokinetics of twelve [C]-BaP metabolites provided evidence of little change in the metabolite profile of [C]-BaP and the pattern was overall reduction consistent with reduced absorption (decrease in C). Although Phe was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the major hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) responsible for metabolism of [C]-BaP, CYP1A2, the high inhibition constant (K) and lack of any increase in unmetabolized [C]-BaP in plasma makes this mechanism unlikely to be responsible. Rather, co-administration of Phe reduces the absorption of [C]-BaP through a mechanism yet to be determined. This is the first study to provide evidence that, at actual environmental levels of exposure, the toxicokinetics of [C]-BaP in humans is markedly altered by the presence of a second PAH, Phe, a common component of environmental PAH mixtures.

%B Chem Biol Interact %V 382 %P 110608 %8 2023 Jun 25 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110608 %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Investigating the Movement of Parent PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire to Understand Potential Human Exposure %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B ISES Chicago, IL %8 08/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Investigating Wildfire Smoke Composition and the Movement of Parent and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire to Understand Potential Human Exposure %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 44th Annual Meeting Louisville, KY %8 11/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC Troutdale, OR %8 05/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Sampling %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SOT Nashville, TN %8 03/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Sara A Jahnke %E Christopher K Haddock %E Lane G Tidwell %E Peter D Hoffman %E Kim A Anderson %B SOT Nashville, TN %8 03/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Movement of PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Pre-Wildfire, Wildfire, and Post-Wildfire %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU EMT Research Day Symposium Corvallis, OR %8 01/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Movement of Parent PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After a Wildfire %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC 32nd Annual Conference Troutdale, OR %8 05/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Heliyon %D 2023 %T Neuroanatomical differences in Latinx children from rural farmworker families and urban non-farmworker families and related associations with pesticide exposure. %A Khodaei, Mohammadreza %A Dobbins, Dorothy L %A Paul J Laurienti %A Simpson, Sean L %A Thomas A Arcury %A Sara A Quandt %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Jonathan H Burdette %X

Exposure to pesticides in humans may lead to changes in brain structure and function and increase the likelihood of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite the potential risks, there is limited neuroimaging research on the effects of pesticide exposure on children, particularly during the critical period of brain development. Here we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from magnetic resonance images (MRI) to investigate neuroanatomical differences between Latinx children (n = 71) from rural, farmworker families (FW; n = 48) and urban, non-farmworker families (NFW; n = 23). Data presented here serves as a baseline for our ongoing study examining the longitudinal effects of living in a rural environment on neurodevelopment and cognition in children. The VBM analysis revealed that NFW children had higher volume in several distinct regions of white matter compared to FW children. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of DTI data also indicated NFW children had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in several key white matter tracts. Although the difference was not as pronounced as white matter, the VBM analysis also found higher gray matter volume in selected regions of the frontal lobe in NFW children. Notably, white matter and gray matter findings demonstrated a high degree of overlap in the medial frontal lobe, a brain region predominantly linked to decision-making, error processing, and attention functions. To gain further insights into the underlying causes of the observed differences in brain structure between the two groups, we examined the association of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) exposure collected from passive dosimeter wristbands with brain structure. Based on our previous findings within this data set, demonstrating higher OC exposure in children from non-farmworker families, we hypothesized OC might play a critical role in structural differences between NFW and FW children. We discovered a significant positive correlation between the number of types of OC exposure and the structure of white matter. The regions with significant association with OC exposure were in agreement with the findings from the FW-NFW groups comparison analysis. In contrast, OPs did not have a statistically significant association with brain structure. This study is among the first multimodal neuroimaging studies examining the brain structure of children exposed to agricultural pesticides, specifically OC. These findings suggest OC pesticide exposure may disrupt normal brain development in children, highlighting the need for further neuroimaging studies within this vulnerable population.

%B Heliyon %V 9 %P e21929 %8 2023 Nov %G eng %N 11 %R 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21929 %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2023 %T Pesticide Exposure among Latinx Children in Rural Farmworker and Urban Non-Farmworker Communities: Associations with Locality and Season. %A Thomas A Arcury %A Haiying Chen %A Sara A Quandt %A Jennifer W Talton %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Phillip Summers %A Paul J Laurienti %K Agriculture %K Child %K Chlorpyrifos %K Environmental Exposure %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Hispanic or Latino %K Humans %K Pesticides %K Pyrethrins %K Seasons %X

This study uses repeated measures to document the pesticide exposure of rural and urban Latinx children (age eight at baseline), and to compare these children in terms of the frequency and concentration of their exposure to a large set of pesticides, accounting for season. We used silicone wristbands worn for one week up to ten times at quarterly intervals from 2018 to 2022 to assess pesticide exposure in children from rural farmworker ( = 75) and urban non-farmworker ( = 61) families. We determined the detection and concentrations (ng/g) of 72 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in the wristbands using gas chromatography electron capture detection and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The most frequently detected pesticide classes were organochlorines, pyrethroids, and organophosphates. Controlling for season, organochlorine or phenylpyrazole detections were less likely for rural children than for urban children. Detections of organochlorines, pyrethroids, or organophosphates were lower in spring and summer versus winter. Controlling for season, urban children had greater concentrations of organochlorines, while rural children had greater concentrations of pyrethroids and Chlorpyrifos. Pesticide concentrations were lower in winter and spring compared with summer and fall. These results further document that pesticides are ubiquitous in the living environment for children in vulnerable, immigrant communities.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 20 %8 2023 Apr 26 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.3390/ijerph20095647 %0 Journal Article %J Int J Hyg Environ Health %D 2023 %T Silicone passive sampling used to identify novel dermal chemical exposures of firefighters and assess PPE innovations. %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Kerber, Steve %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %K Air Pollutants, Occupational %K Firefighters %K Humans %K Occupational Exposure %K Personal Protective Equipment %K Pilot Projects %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Silicones %X

A plethora of chemicals are released into the air during combustion events, including a class of compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs have been implicated in increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, both of which are disease endpoints of concern in structural firefighters. Current commercially available personal protective equipment (PPE) typically worn by structural firefighters during fire responses have gaps in interfaces between the ensemble elements (e.g., hood and jacket) that allow for ingress of contaminants and dermal exposure. This pilot study aims to use silicone passive sampling to assess improvements in dermal protection afforded by a novel configuration of PPE, which incorporates a one-piece liner to eliminate gaps in two critical interfaces between pieces of gear. The study compared protection against parent and alkylated PAHs between the one-piece liner PPE and the standard configuration of PPE with traditional firefighting jacket and pants. Mannequins (n = 16) dressed in the PPE ensembles were placed in a Fireground Exposure Simulator for 10 min, and exposed to smoke from a combusting couch. Silicone passive samplers were placed underneath PPE at vulnerable locations near interfaces in standard PPE, and in the chamber air, to measure PAHs and calculate the dermal protection provided by both types of PPE. Silicone passive sampling methodology and analyses using gas chromatography with mass-spectrometry proved to be well-suited for this intervention study, allowing for the calculation and comparison of worker protection factors for 51 detected PAHs. Paired comparisons of the two PPE configurations found greater sum 2-3 ring PAH exposure underneath the standard PPE than the intervention PPE at the neck and chest, and at the chest for 4-7 ring PAHs (respective p-values: 0.00113, 0.0145, and 0.0196). Mean worker protection factors of the intervention PPE were also greater than the standard PPE for 98% of PAHs at the neck and chest. Notably, the intervention PPE showed more than 30 times the protection compared to the standard PPE against two highly carcinogenic PAHs, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and benzo[c]fluorene. Nine of the detected PAHs in this study have not been previously reported in fireground exposure studies, and 26 other chemicals (not PAHs) were detected using a large chemical screening method on a subset of the silicone samplers. Silicone passive sampling appears to be an effective means for measuring dermal exposure reduction to fireground smoke, providing evidence in this study that reducing gaps in PPE interfaces could be further pursued as an intervention to reduce dermal exposure to PAHs, among other chemicals.

%B Int J Hyg Environ Health %V 248 %P 114095 %8 2023 Mar %G eng %R 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114095 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Spatial and Cancer-Related Variation in Chemical Exposures Among Domestic Dogs %A Christopher Husted %A Brittney Logan %A Kate Megquier %A Dane Genereux %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Frances Chen %A Elinor Karlsson %B UMASS Retreat, UMASS Cancer Retreat %8 10/2023 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Using Silicone Dogtags to Better Understand Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters %A Emily M Bonner %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Sara A Jahnke %E Christopher K Haddock %E Lane G Tidwell %E Kim A Anderson %B ISES Chicago, IL %8 08/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2022 %T Associating Increased Chemical Exposure to Hurricane Harvey in a Longitudinal Panel Using Silicone Wristbands. %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Kim A Anderson %K Cyclonic Storms %K Floods %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Humans %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Silicones %X

Hurricane Harvey was associated with flood-related damage to chemical plants and oil refineries, and the flooding of hazardous waste sites, including 13 Superfund sites. As clean-up efforts began, concerns were raised regarding the human health impact of possible increased chemical exposure resulting from the hurricane and subsequent flooding. Personal sampling devices in the form of silicone wristbands were deployed to a longitudinal panel of individuals = 99) within 45 days of the hurricane and again one year later in the Houston metropolitan area. Using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, each wristband was screened for 1500 chemicals and analyzed for 63 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Chemical exposure levels found on the wristbands were generally higher post-Hurricane Harvey. In the 1500 screen, 188 chemicals were detected, 29 were detected in at least 30% of the study population, and of those, 79% ( = 23) were found in significantly higher concentrations ( < 0.05) post-Hurricane Harvey. Similarly, in PAH analysis, 51 chemicals were detected, 31 were detected in at least 30% of the study population, and 39% ( = 12) were found at statistically higher concentrations ( < 0.05) post-Hurricane Harvey. This study indicates that there were increased levels of chemical exposure after Hurricane Harvey in the Houston metropolitan area.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 19 %8 2022 05 30 %G eng %N 11 %R 10.3390/ijerph19116670 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2022 %T Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolites predominant in human plasma following escalating oral micro-dosing with [C]-BaP. %A Monica L. Vermillion Maier %A Siddens, Lisbeth K %A Jamie Pennington %A Sandra Uesugi %A Kim A Anderson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Susan C Tilton %A Ted J Ognibene %A Kenneth Turteltaub %A Jordan Smith %A Williams, David E %X

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is formed by incomplete combustion of organic materials (petroleum, coal, tobacco, etc.). BaP is designated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 1 known human carcinogen; a classification supported by numerous studies in preclinical models and epidemiology studies of exposed populations. Risk assessment relies on toxicokinetic and cancer studies in rodents at doses 5-6 orders of magnitude greater than average human uptake. Using a dose-response design at environmentally relevant concentrations, this study follows uptake, metabolism, and elimination of [C]-BaP in human plasma by employing UPLC - accelerator mass spectrometry (UPLC-AMS). Volunteers were administered 25, 50, 100, and 250 ng (2.7-27 nCi) of [C]-BaP (with interceding minimum 3-week washout periods) with quantification of parent [C]-BaP and metabolites in plasma measured over 48 h. [C]-BaP median T was 30 min with C and area under the curve (AUC) approximating dose-dependency. Marked inter-individual variability in plasma pharmacokinetics following a 250 ng dose was seen with 7 volunteers as measured by the C (8.99 ± 7.08 ng × mL) and AUC (68.6 ± 64.0 fg × hr × mL). Approximately 3-6% of the [C] recovered (AUC) was parent compound, demonstrating extensive metabolism following oral dosing. Metabolite profiles showed that, even at the earliest time-point (30 min), a substantial percentage of [C] in plasma was polar BaP metabolites. The best fit modeling approach identified non-compartmental apparent volume of distribution of BaP as significantly increasing as a function of dose (p = 0.004). Bay region tetrols and dihydrodiols predominated, suggesting not only was there extensive first pass metabolism but also potentially bioactivation. AMS enables the study of environmental carcinogens in humans with de minimus risk, allowing for important testing and validation of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models derived from animal data, risk assessment, and the interpretation of data from high-risk occupationally exposed populations.

%B Environ Int %V 159 %P 107045 %8 2022 Jan 15 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107045 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2022 %T Chemical exposures assessed via silicone wristbands and endogenous plasma metabolomics during pregnancy. %A Brett T Doherty %A McRitchie, Susan L %A Pathmasiri, Wimal W %A Stewart, Delisha A %A Kirchner, David %A Kim A Anderson %A Gui, Jiang %A Madan, Juliette C %A Hoen, Anne G %A Sumner, Susan J %A Margaret R Karagas %A Megan E Romano %K Cohort Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Metabolome %K Metabolomics %K Pregnancy %K Prospective Studies %K Silicones %X

BACKGROUND: Metabolomics is a promising method to investigate physiological effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy, with the potential to clarify toxicological mechanisms, suggest sensitive endpoints, and identify novel biomarkers of exposures.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the influence of chemical exposures on the maternal plasma metabolome during pregnancy.

METHODS: Data were obtained from participants (n = 177) in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. Chemical exposures were assessed via silicone wristbands worn for one week at ~13 gestational weeks. Metabolomic features were assessed in plasma samples obtained at ~24-28 gestational weeks via the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Associations between chemical exposures and plasma metabolomics were investigated using multivariate modeling.

RESULTS: Chemical exposures predicted 11 (of 226) and 23 (of 125) metabolomic features in Biocrates and NMR, respectively. The joint chemical exposures did not significantly predict pathway enrichment, though some individual chemicals were associated with certain amino acids and related metabolic pathways. For example, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide was associated with the amino acids glycine, L-glutamic acid, L-asparagine, and L-aspartic acid and enrichment of the ammonia recycling pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE: This study contributes evidence to the potential effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy upon the endogenous maternal plasma metabolome.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %V 32 %P 259-267 %8 2022 Mar %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1038/s41370-021-00394-6 %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2022 %T A Comparative Multi-System Approach to Characterizing Bioactivity of Commonly Occurring Chemicals. %A Rivera, Brianna N %A Lindsay B Wilson %A Kim, Doo Nam %A Pande, Paritosh %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Animals %K Flame Retardants %K Organic Chemicals %K Pesticides %K Retrospective Studies %K Zebrafish %X

A 2019 retrospective study analyzed wristband personal samplers from fourteen different communities across three different continents for over 1530 organic chemicals. Investigators identified fourteen chemicals (G14) detected in over 50% of personal samplers. The G14 represent a group of chemicals that individuals are commonly exposed to, and are mainly associated with consumer products including plasticizers, fragrances, flame retardants, and pesticides. The high frequency of exposure to these chemicals raises questions of their potential adverse human health effects. Additionally, the possibility of exposure to mixtures of these chemicals is likely due to their co-occurrence; thus, the potential for mixtures to induce differential bioactivity warrants further investigation. This study describes a novel approach to broadly evaluate the hazards of personal chemical exposures by coupling data from personal sampling devices with high-throughput bioactivity screenings using in vitro and non-mammalian in vivo models. To account for species and sensitivity differences, screening was conducted using primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and early life-stage zebrafish. Mixtures of the G14 and most potent G14 chemicals were created to assess potential mixture effects. Chemical bioactivity was dependent on the model system, with five and eleven chemicals deemed bioactive in NHBE and zebrafish, respectively, supporting the use of a multi-system approach for bioactivity testing and highlighting sensitivity differences between the models. In both NHBE and zebrafish, mixture effects were observed when screening mixtures of the most potent chemicals. Observations of BMC-based mixtures in NHBE (NHBE BMC Mix) and zebrafish (ZF BMC Mix) suggested antagonistic effects. In this study, consumer product-related chemicals were prioritized for bioactivity screening using personal exposure data. High-throughput high-content screening was utilized to assess the chemical bioactivity and mixture effects of the most potent chemicals.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 19 %8 2022 03 23 %G eng %N 7 %R 10.3390/ijerph19073829 %0 Journal Article %J Neurotoxicol Teratol %D 2022 %T Comparing impact of pesticide exposure on cognitive abilities of Latinx children from rural farmworker and urban non-farmworker families in North Carolina. %A Dobbins, Dorothy L %A Haiying Chen %A Milton J. Cepeda %A Berenson, Lesley %A Jennifer W Talton %A Kim A Anderson %A Jonathan H Burdette %A Sara A Quandt %A Thomas A Arcury %A Paul J Laurienti %K Agriculture %K Child %K Child, Preschool %K Cognition %K Environmental Exposure %K Farmers %K Female %K Humans %K North Carolina %K Occupational Exposure %K Pesticides %K Pregnancy %X

Pesticide exposure remains a health hazard despite extensive study into adverse effects. Children in vulnerable populations, such as Latinx children in farmworker families, are particularly at risk for exposure. Several studies have demonstrated the detrimental cognitive effects of prenatal exposure to pesticides, particularly organophosphates (OPs) within this high-risk group. However, results from studies investigating the cognitive effects of early childhood pesticide exposure are equivocal. Most studies examining the effects of pesticide exposure have used correlative analyses rather than examining populations with expected high and low exposure. The current study compares 8-year-old children from rural families of farmworkers and urban, non-farmworker families. We used the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition (WISC-V) to assess cognitive performance in these children. We designed this study with the expectation that children from farmworker families would have greater exposure to agricultural pesticides than urban, non-farmworker children. This assumption of exposure to agricultural pesticides was confirmed in a recent report that assessed exposure probabilities using life history calendars. However, data from passive wristband sampling of acute (1-week) pesticide exposure from these same children indicate that both study populations have considerable pesticide exposure but to different chemicals. As expected the children of farmworkers had greater OP exposure than non-farmworker children, but the non-farmworker children had greater exposure to two other classes of insecticides (organochlorines [OCs] and pyrethroids). Our analyses considered these findings. A comparison of the cognitive scores between groups revealed that children from farmworker families had slightly higher performance on the Visual-Spatial Index (VSI) and Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) when compared to children from non-farmworker families. Regression analyses where pesticide exposure was included as covariates revealed that OC exposure accounted for the largest portion of the group differences for both VSI and VCI. However, a post-hoc moderation analysis did not find significant interactions. The main study outcome was that the non-farmworker children exhibited lower WISC-V scores than the children from farmworker families, and the analyses incorporating pesticide exposure measures raise the hypothesis the that pervasive and persistent nature of a variety of pesticides may have adverse effects on the neurodevelopment of young Latinx children whether living in rural or non-farmworker environments.

%B Neurotoxicol Teratol %V 92 %P 107106 %8 2022 Jul-Aug %G eng %R 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107106 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Comparing Structural Firefighters On and Off Duty Exposure to Xylenes %A Zachary W. Kowash %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X
a group of three isomeric volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) can come from many sources, from
petroleum and combustion, to cleaning agents and
plastics1. Chronic and acute exposure to xylenes through
multiple exposure routes has been linked to an assortment
of adverse health effects2,3,4,5,6,7,8. With a high number of
VOCs being released from structural fires, firefighters
could potentially face an occupational risk in responding to
fires due to potential acute and chronic exposure effects9.
Characterizing xylenes exposure in structural firefighters
can provide a greater understanding into the
occupational risk that xylenes pose to those who could be
exposed at a higher frequency.
%B College of Agriculture Career Fair & Student Showcase %8 10/2022 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Considerations for Scientists and Firefighters when Selecting a Sample Type %A Emily M Bonner %A Kim A Anderson %B 43rd SETAC North America %C Pittsburg, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Citiz Sci %D 2022 %T Designing Equitable, Transparent Community-Engaged Disaster Research. %A Diana Rohlman %A Samantha Samon %A Sarah E Allan %A Michael L Barton %A Holly Dixon %A Christine C Ghetu %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Symanski, Elaine %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %X

Disaster research faces significant infrastructure challenges: regional and federal coordination, access to resources, and community collaboration. Disasters can lead to chemical exposures that potentially impact human health and cause concern in affected communities. Community-engaged research, which incorporates local knowledge and voices, is well-suited for work with communities that experience impacts of environmental exposures following disasters. We present three examples of community-engaged disaster research (CEnDR) following oil spills, hurricanes, and wildfires, and their impact on long-term social, physical, and technical community infrastructure. We highlight the following CEnDR structures: researcher/community networks; convenient research tools; adaptable data collection modalities for equitable access; and return of data.

%B Citiz Sci %V 7 %8 2022 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.5334/cstp.443 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2022 %T Determining chemical air equivalency using silicone personal monitors. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kim A Anderson %A Epstein, Marc I %K Air Pollutants %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Silicones %K Volatile Organic Compounds %X

BACKGROUND: Silicone personal samplers are increasingly being used to measure chemical exposures, but many of these studies do not attempt to calculate environmental concentrations.

OBJECTIVE: Using measurements of silicone wristband uptake of organic chemicals from atmospheric exposure, create log K and k predictive models based on empirical data to help develop air equivalency calculations for both volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds.

METHODS: An atmospheric vapor generator and a custom exposure chamber were used to measure the uptake of organic chemicals into silicone wristbands under simulated indoor conditions. Log K models were evaluated using repeated k-fold cross-validation. Air equivalency was compared between best-performing models.

RESULTS: Log K and log k estimates calculated from uptake data were used to build predictive models from boiling point (BP) and other parameters (all models: R = 0.70-0.94). The log K models were combined with published data and refined to create comprehensive and effective predictive models (R: 0.95-0.97). Final estimates of air equivalency using novel BP models correlated well over an example dataset (Spearman r = 0.984) across 5-orders of magnitude (<0.05 to >5000 ng/L).

SIGNIFICANCE: Data from silicone samplers can be translated into air equivalent concentrations that better characterize environmental concentrations associated with personal exposures and allow direct comparisons to regulatory levels.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %V 32 %P 268-279 %8 2022 03 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1038/s41370-021-00332-6 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Evaluating PAH Dermal Exposure and Turnout Gear Efficacy Using Silicone Passive Sampling %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B 35th SRP Annual Meeting %C Raleigh, NC %8 12/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2022 %T Evaluating predictive relationships between wristbands and urine for assessment of personal PAH exposure. %A Holly Dixon %A Lisa M Bramer %A Richard P Scott %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Cavalier, Haleigh M %A Diana Rohlman %A Miller, Rachel L %A Antonia M Calafat %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %X

During events like the COVID-19 pandemic or a disaster, researchers may need to switch from collecting biological samples to personal exposure samplers that are easy and safe to transport and wear, such as silicone wristbands. Previous studies have demonstrated significant correlations between urine biomarker concentrations and chemical levels in wristbands. We build upon those studies and use a novel combination of descriptive statistics and supervised statistical learning to evaluate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone wristbands and hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in urine. In New York City, 109 participants in a longitudinal birth cohort wore one wristband for 48 h and provided a spot urine sample at the end of the 48-hour period during their third trimester of pregnancy. We compared four PAHs with the corresponding seven OH-PAHs using descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and a linear discriminant analysis model. Five of the seven PAH and OH-PAH pairs had significant correlations (Pearson's r = 0.35-0.64, p ≤ 0.003) and significant chi-square tests of independence for exposure categories (p ≤ 0.009). For these five comparisons, the observed PAH or OH-PAH concentration could predict the other concentration within a factor of 1.47 for 50-80% of the measurements (depending on the pair). Prediction accuracies for high exposure categories were at least 1.5 times higher compared to accuracies based on random chance. These results demonstrate that wristbands and urine provide similar PAH exposure assessment information, which is critical for environmental health researchers looking for the flexibility to switch between biological sample and wristband collection.

%B Environ Int %V 163 %P 107226 %8 2022 Apr 04 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107226 %0 Generic %D 2022 %T Firefighter Dermal Exposure Assessment with Silicone Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SOT San Diego %8 03/2022 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2022 %T Firefighter Dermal Exposure to PAHs Assessed with Silicone Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Steven Kerber %A Kenneth W Fent %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B 43rd SETAC North America %C Pittsburg, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J PLoS One %D 2022 %T Impact of acute temperature and air pollution exposures on adult lung function: A panel study of asthmatics. %A Evoy, Richard %A Laurel D Kincl %A Diana Rohlman %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Hystad, Perry %A Bae, Harold %A Michael L Barton %A Phillips, Aaron %A Miller, Rachel L %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %K Adult %K Air Pollution %K Asthma %K Bronchodilator Agents %K Environmental Exposure %K Humans %K Lung %K Temperature %X

BACKGROUND: Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma, are particularly susceptible to adverse health effects associated with higher levels of ambient air pollution and temperature. This study evaluates whether hourly levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and dry bulb globe temperature (DBGT) are associated with the lung function of adult participants with asthma.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: Global positioning system (GPS) location, respiratory function (measured as forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1)), and self-reports of asthma medication usage and symptoms were collected as part of the Exposure, Location, and Lung Function (ELF) study. Hourly ambient PM2.5 and DBGT exposures were estimated by integrating air quality and temperature public records with time-activity patterns using GPS coordinates for each participant (n = 35). The relationships between acute PM2.5, DBGT, rescue bronchodilator use, and lung function collected in one week periods and over two seasons (summer/winter) were analyzed by multivariate regression, using different exposure time frames. In separate models, increasing levels in PM2.5, but not DBGT, were associated with rescue bronchodilator use. Conversely DBGT, but not PM2.5, had a significant association with FEV1. When DBGT and PM2.5 exposures were placed in the same model, the strongest association between cumulative PM2.5 exposures and the use of rescue bronchodilator was identified at the 0-24 hours (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.012-1.049; p-value = 0.001) and 0-48 hours (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.013-1.057; p-value = 0.001) prior to lung function measure. Conversely, DBGT exposure at 0 hours (β = 3.257; SE = 0.879; p-value>0.001) and 0-6 hours (β = 2.885; SE = 0.903; p-value = 0.001) hours before a reading were associated with FEV1. No significant interactions between DBGT and PM2.5 were observed for rescue bronchodilator use or FEV1.

CONCLUSIONS: Short-term increases in PM2.5 were associated with increased rescue bronchodilator use, while DBGT was associated with higher lung function (i.e. FEV1). Further studies are needed to continue to elucidate the mechanisms of acute exposure to PM2.5 and DBGT on lung function in asthmatics.

%B PLoS One %V 17 %P e0270412 %8 2022 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0270412 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2022 %T Inter-method reliability of silicone exposome wristbands and urinary biomarker assays in a pregnancy cohort. %A Megan E Romano %A Gallagher, Lisa %A Brett T Doherty %A Yeum, Dabin %A Lee, Sunmi %A Takazawa, Mari %A Kim A Anderson %A Kannan, Kurunthachalam %A Margaret R Karagas %X

Silicone wristbands act as passive environmental samplers capable of detecting and measuring concentrations of a variety of chemicals. They offer a noninvasive method to collect complex exposure data in large-scale epidemiological studies. We evaluated the inter-method reliability of silicone wristbands and urinary biomarkers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. A subset of study participants (n = 96) provided a urine sample and wore a silicone wristband for 7 days at approximately 12 gestational weeks. Women were instructed to wear the wristbands during all their normal activities. Concentrations of urinary compounds and metabolites in the urine and parent compounds in wristbands were compared. High detection rates were observed for triphenyl phosphate (76.0%) and benzophenone (78.1%) in wristbands, although the distribution of corresponding urinary concentrations of chemicals did not differ according to whether chemicals were detected or not detected in wristbands. While detected among only 8.3% of wristbands, median urinary triclosan concentrations were higher among those with triclosan detected in wristbands (9.04 ng/mL) than without (0.16 ng/mL). For most chemicals slight to fair agreement was observed across exposure assessment methods, potentially due to low rates of detection in the wristbands for chemicals where observed urinary concentrations were relatively low as compared to background concentrations in the general population. Our findings support the growing body of research in support of deploying silicone wristbands as an important exposure assessment tool.

%B Environ Res %V 214 %P 113981 %8 2022 Nov %G eng %N Pt 3 %R 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113981 %0 Journal Article %J Toxics %D 2022 %T Leveraging Multiple Data Streams for Prioritization of Mixtures for Hazard Characterization. %A Rivera, Brianna N %A Christine C Ghetu %A Yvonne Chang %A Truong, Lisa %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %X

There is a growing need to establish alternative approaches for mixture safety assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to limitations with current component-based approaches, and the lack of established methods for using whole mixtures, a promising alternative is to use sufficiently similar mixtures; although, an established framework is lacking. In this study, several approaches are explored to form sufficiently similar mixtures. Multiple data streams including environmental concentrations and empirically and predicted toxicity data for cancer and non-cancer endpoints were used to prioritize chemical components for mixture formations. Air samplers were analyzed for unsubstituted and alkylated PAHs. A synthetic mixture of identified PAHs was created (Creosote-Fire Mix). Existing toxicity values and chemical concentrations were incorporated to identify hazardous components in the Creosote-Fire Mix. Sufficiently similar mixtures of the Creosote-Fire Mix were formed based on (1) relative abundance; (2) toxicity values; and (3) a combination approach incorporating toxicity and abundance. Hazard characterization of these mixtures was performed using high-throughput screening in primary normal human bronchial epithelium (NHBE) and zebrafish. Differences in chemical composition and potency were observed between mixture formation approaches. The toxicity-based approach (Tox Mix) was the most potent mixture in both models. The combination approach (Weighted-Tox Mix) was determined to be the ideal approach due its ability to prioritize chemicals with high exposure and hazard potential.

%B Toxics %V 10 %8 2022 Oct 29 %G eng %N 11 %R 10.3390/toxics10110651 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Measuring On and Off-Duty Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B 43rd SETAC North America %C Pittsburg, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Movement of PAHs and Alkylated PAHs Between Air and Soil Before, During, and After Wildfires %A Kelly E O'Malley %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 43rd Annual Meeting Pittsburgh, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2022 %T A Novel Framework to Form Sufficiently Similar Mixtures %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Yvonne Chang %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Risk Assessment and Mixtures Specialty Section Webinar %8 01/22 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Phthalates and Phthalates Alternative Analysis Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for Wristband and Environmental Passive Sampling Matrices %A Caoilinn Haggerty %A Kaley A Adams %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC %8 10/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2022 %T Silicone wristbands as personal passive sampling devices: Current knowledge, recommendations for use, and future directions. %A Samantha Samon %A Stephanie C Hammel %A Heather M Stapleton %A Kim A Anderson %K Biomarkers %K Environmental Monitoring %K Knowledge %K Silicones %X

Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone wristbands have emerged as a new chemical exposure assessment tool and have since been utilized for assessing personal exposure to a wide range of chemicals in a variety of populations. Silicone wristbands can be powerful tools for quantifying personal exposure to chemical mixtures in a single sample, associating exposure with health outcomes, and potentially overcoming some of the challenges associated with quantifying the chemical exposome. However, as their popularity grows, it is crucial that they are used in the appropriate context and within the limits of the technology. This review serves as a guide for researchers interested in utilizing silicone wristbands as a personal exposure assessment tool. Along with briefly discussing the passive sampling theory behind silicone wristbands, this review performs an in-depth comparison of wristbands to other common exposure assessment tools, including biomarkers of exposure measured in biospecimens, and evaluates their utility in exposure assessments and epidemiological studies. Finally, this review includes recommendations for utilizing silicone wristbands to evaluate personal chemical exposure and provides suggestions on what research is needed to recognize silicone wristbands as a premier chemical exposure assessment tool.

%B Environ Int %V 169 %P 107339 %8 2022 Nov %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107339 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2022 %T Wildfire Impact on Indoor and Outdoor PAH Air Quality. %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Air quality impacts from wildfires are poorly understood, particularly indoors. As frequencies increase, it is important to optimize methodologies to understand and reduce chemical exposures from wildfires. Public health recommendations use air quality estimates from outdoor stationary air monitors, discounting indoor air conditions, and do not consider chemicals in the vapor phase, known to elicit adverse effects. We investigated vapor-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air before, during, and after wildfires using a community-engaged research approach. Paired passive air samplers were deployed at 15 locations across four states. Twelve unique PAHs were detected only in outdoor air during wildfires, highlighting a PAH exposure mixture for future study. Heavy-molecular-weight (HMW) outdoor PAH concentrations and average Air Quality Index (AQI) values were positively correlated ( < 0.001). Indoor PAH concentrations were higher in 77% of samples across all sampling events. Even during wildfires, 58% of sampled locations still had higher indoor PAH air concentrations. When AQI values exceeded 140 (unhealthy for sensitive groups), outdoor PAH concentrations became similar to or higher than indoors. Cancer and noncancer inhalation risk estimates from vapor-phase PAHs were higher indoors than outdoors, regardless of the wildfire impact. Consideration of indoor air quality and vapor-phase PAHs could inform public health recommendations regarding wildfires.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 2022 Jul 08 %G eng %R 10.1021/acs.est.2c00619 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T Analysis of phthalates using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and application to multiple passive sampling matrices %A Kaley A Adams %A Caoilinn Haggerty %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC %8 10/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Assessing Chemical Movement and Temporality at a Former Creosote Site %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting Portland, OR %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Assessing PAH movement %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Data Update with Oregon DEQ, Cascadia, LLC and Port of Columbia, Virtual %8 01/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Current Approaches to Characterizing Chemical Mixtures %A Briana N Rivera %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Northwest Toxics Community Coalition %8 4/2021 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Determinants of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Following Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Determinants of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Following Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Determinants of exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals following Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Magazine Article %D 2021 %T Evaluating Fireground Exposures: Why the Sample Matters %A Emily M Bonner %A Kim A Anderson %B Fire Engineering %V 174 %8 05/2021 %G eng %U https://www.fireengineering.com/health-safety/evaluating-fireground-exposures-why-the-sample-matters/ %N 5 %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Exploring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters Using Silicone Dog-tags as Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Structural firefighters are exposed to many potentially hazardous chemicals while on the job. In a burning building, chemicals in furniture, building materials, and home goods can be volatilized in the high heat, and pyrogenic chemicals can be formed. Adverse health outcomes observed in firefighters, such as increased incidence of various cancers and cardiovascular disease, raise concerns about these occupational exposures. This study seeks to compare chemical exposures of firefighters when on- and off-duty using silicone dog-tags worn around the neck, as passive samplers. There were 57 firefighter participants selected from two-stations in the Kansas City Metropolitan area; on average, one received fewer than two calls per month (low call volume), and the other received more than 12 calls per month (high call volume). Each firefighter wore two separate dog-tags while on- and off-duty for a total of 30 24-hour shifts. The firefighters also filled out questionnaires, indicating the number of fire attacks they participated in while wearing the tags, as well as other demographic and lifestyle information that might inform exposures. The dog-tags were extracted and analyzed using GC-MS. This presentation will focus on results for two chemical classes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). Preliminary data show that 16 different firefighters were exposed to PCBs, 12 of which were from the high call volume station. Additionally, 12 different PCB congeners were detected. It is hypothesized that chemical concentrations in paired on-duty versus off-duty tags will be higher, and that the high versus low call volume station will have greater chemical concentrations. Other questions about concentration correlation to questionnaire data, PCB sources, and potential adverse health outcomes linked to the observed exposures will also be explored. Silicone passive samplers are a useful tool in gathering data on chemical exposures of firefighters because they can mimic dermal absorption of the bioavailable phase, a particularly concerning route of exposure for firefighters. They are also easy to use and maintain, allowing for this month-long exposure study. This application of passive sampling will help us better characterize the occupational exposures of firefighters when they are on- and off-duty, and how that is impacted by station call-volume.

%B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2021 %T Firefighter exposures to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals measured by military-style silicone dog tags. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Christopher K Haddock %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Lane G Tidwell %A Emily M Bonner %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Studies suggest that exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (pEDCs) may contribute to adverse health outcomes, but pEDC exposures among firefighters have not been fully characterized. Previously, we demonstrated the military-style silicone dog tag as a personal passive sampling device for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures among structural firefighters. This follow-up analysis examined the pEDC exposures based on department call volume, duty shift, and questionnaire variables. Structural firefighters (n = 56) were from one high and one low fire call volume department (Kansas City, MO metropolitan area) and wore separate dog tags while on- and off-duty (n = 110). The targeted 1530 analyte semi-quantitative screening method was conducted using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (n = 433). A total of 47 pEDCs were detected, and several less-frequently-detected pEDCs (<75%) were more commonly detected in off- compared to on-duty dog tags (conditional logistic regression). Of the 11 phthalates and fragrances detected most frequently (>75%), off-duty pEDC concentrations were strongly correlated (r = 0.31-0.82, p < 0.05), suggesting co-applications of phthalates and fragrances in consumer products. Questionnaire variables of "regular use of conventional cleaning products" and "fireplace in the home" were associated with select elevated pEDC concentrations by duty shift (paired t-test). This suggested researchers should include detailed questions about consumer product use and home environment when examining personal pEDC exposures.

%B Environ Int %V 158 %P 106914 %8 2021 Oct 11 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106914 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health %D 2021 %T Houston hurricane Harvey health (Houston-3H) study: assessment of allergic symptoms and stress after hurricane Harvey flooding. %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Panthagani, Kristen %A Sotelo, Jesus %A Gu, Xiangjun %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Luo, Dan Na %A Kristi L Hoffman %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Symanski, Elaine %A Kim A Anderson %A Petrosino, Joseph F %A Cheryl Walker %A Melissa Bondy %X

BACKGROUND: In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey caused unprecedented flooding across the greater Houston area. Given the potential for widespread flood-related exposures, including mold and sewage, and the emotional and mental toll caused by the flooding, we sought to evaluate the short- and long-term impact of flood-related exposures on the health of Houstonians. Our objectives were to assess the association of flood-related exposures with allergic symptoms and stress among Houston-area residents at two time points: within approximately 30 days (T1) and 12 months (T2) after Hurricane Harvey's landfall.

METHODS: The Houston Hurricane Harvey Health (Houston-3H) Study enrolled a total of 347 unique participants from four sites across Harris County at two times: within approximately 1-month of Harvey (T1, n = 206) and approximately 12-months after Harvey (T2, n = 266), including 125 individuals who participated at both time points. Using a self-administered questionnaire, participants reported details on demographics, flood-related exposures, and health outcomes, including allergic symptoms and stress.

RESULTS: The majority of participants reported hurricane-related flooding in their homes at T1 (79.1%) and T2 (87.2%) and experienced at least one allergic symptom after the hurricane (79.4% at T1 and 68.4% at T2). In general, flood-exposed individuals were at increased risk of upper respiratory tract allergic symptoms, reported at both the T1 and T2 time points, with exposures to dirty water and mold associated with increased risk of multiple allergic symptoms. The mean stress score of study participants at T1 was 8.0 ± 2.1 and at T2, 5.1 ± 3.2, on a 0-10 scale. Participants who experienced specific flood-related exposures reported higher stress scores when compared with their counterparts, especially 1 year after Harvey. Also, a supplementary paired-samples analysis showed that reports of wheezing, shortness of breath, and skin rash did not change between T1 and T2, though other conditions were less commonly reported at T2.

CONCLUSION: These initial Houston-3H findings demonstrate that flooding experiences that occurred as a consequence of Hurricane Harvey had lasting impacts on the health of Houstonians up to 1 year after the hurricane.

%B Environ Health %V 20 %P 9 %8 2021 Jan 19 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12940-021-00694-2 %0 Conference Paper %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Impact of Hurricane Harvey on Personal Chemical Exposure %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Impact of Hurricane Harvey on Personal Chemical Exposure %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2021 %T Improvements in identification and quantitation of alkylated PAHs and forensic ratio sourcing. %A Christine C Ghetu %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Rachel Liu-May %A Kim A Anderson %X

Parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in a number of different sources in varying proportions depending on the source material and weathering. This range of PAH sources can make it difficult to determine the origin of exposure(s). Ratios of alkylated and parent PAHs have been applied as a forensic tool to distinguish between different sources. However, few studies have examined PAH ratios comprehensively as indicators for sourcing beyond a single study area or matrix type. In this paper, we introduce an expanded analytical method based on ASTM D7363-13a which we adapted for a gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry instrument. The modifications increase selectivity and sensitivity compared to the ASTM method. We added five alkylated series to the method. This method has then been applied to 22 independent forensic ratios. We evaluated the method and the forensic ratios with certified reference materials and known environmental samples. This analytical method and thirteen PAH ratios were found to accurately predict sources of PAHs.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %V 413 %P 1651-1664 %8 2021 Mar %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s00216-020-03127-0 %0 Conference Paper %B Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T Individual chemical exposure to environmental contaminates in Harris County, TX from baseline to post Hurricane Harvey flooding. %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T Influences of Household Behavior and Demographics on Indoor Air Quality %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T Investigation of Firefighter Exposures to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Using Silicone Dog-Tags %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Firefighters provide critical services to communities around the world despite the occupational hazards that they face. One such hazard, is exposure to a suite of chemicals released during a fire. In particular, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a concerning class of chemicals, which persist in older building materials and electrical equipment (e.g. transformers). PCBs are recognized as endocrine disruptors, carcinogens, and developmental toxicants. Furthermore, some studies have shown structural firefighters to have elevated levels of PCBs in their serum. In this study, silicone passive samplers similar to military dog-tags worn around the neck were used to measure the bioavailable fraction of PCBs firefighters were exposed to while on- and off-duty. The dog-tags were worn by firefighters for a total of 30 24- hour shifts (n=57). These firefighters were from two different stations in the Kansas City metropolitan area, one of which had fewer than two calls to respond to per month on average (low call volume), and one that had more than 12 calls per month on average (high call volume). Additional questionnaire data was collected on number of fire attacks an individual participated in, demographics, and lifestyle information that might influence chemical exposures. The dog-tags were extracted using solvent and underwent solid phase extraction prior to instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the extracts for 43 PCB congeners. PCBs were detected in sample extracts from 16 different firefighters, 12 of which were from the high call volume station. Out of 12 detected congeners, PCB 153 was the most frequently detected. Statistical analyses will be used to assess whether PCB concentrations were higher at the high versus low call volume department and while on- compared to off-duty. Finally, we will explore correlation between questionnaire data such as number of fire attacks, and firefighters’ individual PCB exposures. Although firefighters may be exposed to increased levels of PCBs in house fires, few studies have monitored these exposures. There are even fewer studies that measure dermal exposure, even though PCBs are known to be absorbed through and distributed to the skin. Given the hazards posed by PCBs, it is critical that we better understanding individual firefighters’ exposures to PCBs while on- and off-duty.

 

%B International Society of Exposure Science, Remote %8 08/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Occup Environ Med %D 2021 %T Menstrual Cycle Patterns and Irregularities in Hired Latinx Child Farmworkers. %A Varnell, Rebecca R %A Arnold, Taylor J %A Sara A Quandt %A Jennifer W Talton %A Haiying Chen %A Miles, Christopher M %A Daniel, Stephanie S %A Sandberg, Joanne C %A Kim A Anderson %A Thomas A Arcury %X

PURPOSE: This study identifies the menstrual cycle irregularities of Latinx child and adolescent farmworkers.

METHODS: Child and adolescent farmworkers aged 13 to 20 years completed questionnaires about menstrual cycle patterns in 2019, and wore silicone passive collection wristbands for pesticide detection in 2018. Menstrual cycle irregularities were determined from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists committee opinion.

RESULTS: Half of participants experienced any menstrual cycle irregularity; the most frequent irregularities were cycle length (38.6%) and having gone 90 days or more without a menstrual period (20.4%). Pesticides were detected in 92.9% of the wristbands; most participants were exposed to an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) pesticide.

CONCLUSION: Half of Latinx children and adolescents hired farmworkers experience irregular menstrual cycles, and most are exposed to EDCs. Inclusion of occupational and menstrual histories in child and adolescent medical visits is critical.

%B J Occup Environ Med %V 63 %P 38-43 %8 2021 Jan 01 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002065 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T A Novel Approach to Forming Sufficiently Similar Mixtures from Environmental Exposure Data %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Society of Toxicology %8 03/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Am J Ind Med %D 2021 %T Pesticide exposure among Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina. %A Thomas A Arcury %A Haiying Chen %A Arnold, Taylor J %A Sara A Quandt %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Jennifer W Talton %A Daniel, Stephanie S %X

BACKGROUND: Although pesticides have adverse effects on child health and development, little research has examined pesticide exposure among child farmworkers. This analysis addresses two specific aims: (1) describes pesticide exposure among Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina, and (2) delineates factors associated with this pesticide exposure.

METHODS: In 2018 (n = 173) and 2019 (n = 156) Latinx child farmworkers completed interviews and wore silicone wristbands for a single day to measure pesticide exposure. Wristbands were analyzed for 70 pesticides.

RESULTS: Most Latinx child farmworkers were exposed to multiple pesticides; the most frequent were pyrethroids (69.9% in 2018, 67.9% in 2019), organochlorines (51.4% in 2018, 55.1% in 2019), and organophosphates (51.4% in 2018, 34.0% in 2019). Children were exposed to a mean of 2.15 pesticide classes in 2018 and 1.91 in 2019, and to a mean of 4.06 pesticides in 2018 and 3.34 in 2019. Younger children (≤15 years) had more detections than older children; children not currently engaged in farm work had more detections than children currently engaged in farm work. Migrant child farmworkers had more detections than nonmigrants. For specific pesticides with at least 20 detections, detections and concentrations were generally greater among children not currently engaged in farm work than children currently engaged.

CONCLUSIONS: Children who live in farmworker communities are exposed to a plethora of pesticides. Although further research is needed to document the extent of pesticide exposure and its health consequences, sufficient information is available to inform the policy needed to eliminate this pesticide exposure in agricultural communities.

%B Am J Ind Med %8 2021 May 25 %G eng %R 10.1002/ajim.23258 %0 Journal Article %J J Pediatr Health Care %D 2021 %T Preschool-Age Children's Pesticide Exposures in Child Care Centers and at Home in Northern California. %A Alkon, Abbey %A Gunier, Robert B %A Hazard, Kimberly %A Castorina, Rosemary %A Peter D Hoffman %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %A Asa Bradman %X

INTRODUCTION: Young children may be exposed to pesticides used in child care centers and their family homes. We examined pesticide use and environmental and behavioral factors potentially associated with child exposures in these settings.

METHOD: Preschool-age children (n = 125) wore silicone wristbands to assess pesticide exposures in their child care centers and home environments. Information about environmental and behavioral exposure determinants was collected using parent surveys, child care director interviews, and observations.

RESULTS: Commonly detected pesticides were bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fipronil, and cis- and trans-permethrin. Pesticide chemical storage onsite, cracks in the walls, using doormats, observed pests, or evidence of pests were associated with child exposures. Exposures were higher in counties with higher agricultural or commercial pesticide use or when children lived in homes near agricultural fields.

DISCUSSION: Young children are being exposed to harmful pesticides, and interventions are needed to lower their risk of health problems later in life.

%B J Pediatr Health Care %8 2021 Oct 07 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.09.004 %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %D 2021 %T The value of wristband data for disaster research response %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 31st Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement of PAHs %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Puget Sound Toxics Workshop, Virtual %8 02/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Wildfire Impacts on Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Kaley A Adams %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting Portland, OR %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Assessing PAH chemical movement %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Data Update with Cascadia, LLC and Port of Columbia, Virtual %8 10/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Assessing PAH diffusive and advective flux contributions and temporality in the environment %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2020 Annual Meeting, Virtual %8 12/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B Protecting our water future for human and environmental health Research Symposium, Oregon State University Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2020 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Front Public Health %D 2020 %T Assessment of Multipollutant Exposures During Pregnancy Using Silicone Wristbands. %A Brett T Doherty %A Pearce, John L %A Kim A Anderson %A Margaret R Karagas %A Megan E Romano %K Cohort Studies %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Humans %K New Hampshire %K Pregnancy %K Prospective Studies %K Silicones %X

Silicone wristbands can assess multipollutant exposures in a non-invasive and minimally burdensome manner, which may be suitable for use among pregnant women. We investigated silicone wristbands as passive environmental samplers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. We used wristbands to assess exposure to a broad range of organic chemicals, identified multipollutant exposure profiles using self-organizing maps (SOMs), and assessed temporal consistency and determinants of exposures during pregnancy. Participants ( = 255) wore wristbands for 1 week at 12 gestational weeks. Of 1,530 chemicals assayed, 199 were detected in at least one wristband and 16 were detected in >60% of wristbands. A median of 23 (range: 12,37) chemicals were detected in each wristband, and chemicals in commerce and personal care products were most frequently detected. A subset of participants (=20) wore a second wristband at 24 gestational weeks, and concentrations of frequently detected chemicals were moderately correlated between time points (median intraclass correlation: 0.22; range: 0.00,0.69). Women with higher educational attainment had fewer chemicals detected in their wristbands and the total number of chemicals detected varied seasonally. Triphenyl phosphate concentrations were positively associated with nail polish use, and benzophenone concentrations were highest in summer. No clear associations were observed with other relations, including certain behaviors, season, and socioeconomic factors. SOM analyses revealed 12 profiles, ranging from 2 to 149 participants, captured multipollutant exposure profiles observed in this cohort. The most common profile ( = 149) indicated that 58% of participants experienced relatively low exposures to frequently detected chemicals. Less common ( ≥ 10) and rare ( < 10) profiles were characterized by low to moderate exposures to most chemicals and very high and/or very low exposure to a subset of chemicals. Certain covariates varied across SOM profile membership; for example, relative to women in the most common profile who had low exposures to most chemicals, women in the profile with elevated exposure to galaxolide and benzyl benzoate were younger, more likely to be single, and more likely to report nail polish use. Our study illustrates the utility of silicone wristbands for measurement of multipollutant exposures in sensitive populations, including pregnant women.

%B Front Public Health %V 8 %P 547239 %8 2020 %G eng %R 10.3389/fpubh.2020.547239 %0 Generic %D 2020 %T A Comparative Approach to Evaluating Bioactivity of Representative Mixtures %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Protecting Our Water Future for Human and Environmental Health %8 01/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T A Comparative Approach to Evaluating Bioactivity of Representative Mixtures %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Protecting Our Water Future for Human and Environmental Health %8 01/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T A Comprehensive Comparison of Indoor vs Outdoor Air Quality Across the United States %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science %8 09/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T A Comprehensive Comparison of Indoor vs Outdoor Air Quality Across the United States %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry %8 11/2020 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2020 %T Discovery of firefighter chemical exposures using military-style silicone dog tags. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Occupational chemical hazards in the fire service are hypothesized to play a role in increased cancer risk, and reliable sampling technologies are necessary for conducting firefighter chemical exposure assessments. This study presents the military-style dog tag as a new configuration of silicone passive sampling device to sample individual firefighters' exposures at one high and one low fire call volume department in the Kansas City, Missouri metropolitan area. The recruited firefighters (n = 56) wore separate dog tags to assess on- and off-duty exposures (n = 110), for a total of 30 24 h shifts. Using a 63 PAH method (GC-MS/MS), the tags detected 45 unique PAHs, of which 18 have not been previously reported as firefighting exposures. PAH concentrations were higher for on- compared to off-duty tags (0.25 < Cohen's d ≤ 0.80) and for the high compared to the low fire call volume department (0.25 ≤ d < 0.70). Using a 1530 analyte screening method (GC-MS), di-n-butyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, guaiacol, and DEET were commonly detected analytes. The number of fire attacks a firefighter participated in was more strongly correlated with PAH concentrations than firefighter rank or years in the fire service. This suggested that quantitative data should be employed for firefighter exposure assessments, rather than surrogate measures. Because several detected analytes are listed as possible carcinogens, future firefighter exposure studies should consider evaluating complex mixtures to assess individual health risks.

%B Environ Int %V 142 %P 105818 %8 2020 Jun 07 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105818 %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Discovery of Firefighter Chemical Exposures Using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Sara A Jahnke %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B 10th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2020 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2020 %T Environmental surveillance and adverse neonatal health outcomes in foals born near unconventional natural gas development activity. %A Kathleen Mullen %A Briana N Rivera %A Lane G Tidwell %A Renata Ivanek %A Kim A Anderson %A Dorothy Ainsworth %K Animals %K Animals, Newborn %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Horses %K Humans %K Infant, Newborn %K Male %K Natural Gas %K New York %K Outcome Assessment, Health Care %K Pennsylvania %K Pregnancy %X

Studies of neonatal health risks of unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) have not included comprehensive assessments of environmental chemical exposures. We investigated a clustering of dysphagic cases in neonatal foals born between 2014 and 2016 in an area of active UNGD in Pennsylvania (PA),USA. We evaluated equine biological data and environmental exposures on the affected PA farm and an unaffected New York (NY) farm owned by the same proprietor. Dams either spent their entire gestation on one farm or moved to the other farm in late gestation. Over the 21-month study period, physical examinations and blood/tissue samples were obtained from mares and foals on each farm. Grab samples of water, pasture soil and feed were collected; continuous passive sampling of air and water for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was performed. Dysphagia was evaluated as a binary variable; logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Sixty-five foals were born, 17 (all from PA farm) were dysphagic. Odds of dysphagia increased with the dam residing on the PA farm for each additional month of gestation (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.7, p = 6.0E-04). Males were more likely to be born dysphagic (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 1.2, 24.5, p = 0.03) than females. Prior to installation of a water filtration/treatment system, PA water concentrations of 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (p = 6.0E-03), fluoranthene (p = 0.03), pyrene (p = 0.02) and triphenylene (p = 0.01) exceeded those in NY water. Compared to NY farm water, no concentrations of PAHs were higher in PA following installation of the water filtration/treatment system. We provide evidence of an uncommon adverse health outcome (dysphagia) in foals born near UNGD that was eliminated in subsequent years (2017-2019) following environmental management changes. Notably, this study demonstrates that domestic large animals such as horses can serve as important sentinels for human health risks associated with UNGD activities.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 731 %P 138497 %8 2020 Aug 20 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138497 %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 30th Annual Meeting %D 2020 %T Individual chemical exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals during the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 30th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Oral Presentation %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B International Society of Exposure Science 30th Annual Meeting %D 2020 %T Individual chemical exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals during the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Mark E Peterson %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 30th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting %D 2020 %T Individual chemical exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals during the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey %A Samantha Samon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Abiodun O Oluyomi %A Cheryl Walker %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Melissa Bondy %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting %C Virtual, Poster %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T A Novel Approach to Forming Sufficiently Similar Mixtures From Environmental Exposure Data %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kaley A Adams %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Pacific Northwest Association of Toxicologists Annual Meeting %8 11/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T A Novel Approach to Forming Sufficiently Similar Mixtures from Environmental Exposure Data %A Briana N Rivera %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Superfund Research Center Annual Meeting %8 12/2020 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2020 %T Pesticide exposure among Latinx children: Comparison of children in rural, farmworker and urban, non-farmworker communities. %A Thomas A Arcury %A Haiying Chen %A Sara A Quandt %A Jennifer W Talton %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Jensen, Anna %A Paul J Laurienti %X

Personal pesticide exposure is not well characterized among children in vulnerable, immigrant communities. We used silicone wristbands in 2018-2019 to assess pesticide exposure in 8 year old Latinx boys and girls in rural, farmworker families (n = 73) and urban, non-farmworker families (n = 60) living in North Carolina who were enrolled in the PACE5 Study, a community-based participatory research study. We determined the detection and concentrations (ng/g) of 75 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in the silicone wristbands worn for one week using gas chromatography electron capture detection and employed gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Differences by personal and family characteristics were tested using analysis of variance or Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests when necessary. Pesticide concentrations above the limit of detection were analyzed, and reported as geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The most frequently detected pesticide classes were organochlorines (85.7%), pyrethroids (65.4%), and organophosphates (59.4%), with the most frequently detected specific pesticides being alpha-chlordane (69.2%), trans-nonachlor (67.7%), gamma-chlordane (66.2%), chlorpyrifos (54.9%), cypermethrin (49.6%), and trans-permethrin (39.1%). More of those children in urban, non-farmworker families had detections of organochlorines (93.3% vs. 79.5, p = 0.0228) and pyrethroids (75.0% vs. 57.5%, p = 0.0351) than did those in rural, farmworker families; more children in rural, farmworker families had detections for organophosphates (71.2% vs. 45.0%, p= 0.0022). Children in urban, non-farmworker families had greater concentrations of alpha-chlordane (geometric mean (GM) 18.98, 95% CI 14.14, 25.47 vs. 10.25, 95% CI 7.49, 14.03; p= 0.0055) and dieldrin (GM 17.38, 95% CI 12.78 23.62 vs. 8.10, 95% CI 5.47, 12.00; p= 0.0034) than did children in rural, farmworker families. These results support the position that pesticides are ubiquitous in the living environment for children in vulnerable, immigrant communities, and argue for greater effort in documenting the widespread nature of pesticide exposure among children, with greater effort to reduce pesticide exposure.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 763 %P 144233 %8 2020 Dec 29 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144233 %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Predicting contaminant sources in environmental samples using GC-MS/MS alkylated PAH analysis and a comprehensive list of forensic ratios %A Christine C Ghetu %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Rachel Liu-May %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 41st Annual Meeting, Virtual. %8 11/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Predicting contaminant sources in environmental samples using GC-MS/MS alkylated PAH analysis and a comprehensive list of forensic ratios %A Christine C Ghetu %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Rachel Liu-May %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2020 Annual Meeting, Virtual %8 12/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 10th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2020 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2020 %T Silicone Wristband Samplers Used to Evaluate Firefighter PPE Designs to Mitigate Fireground Chemical Exposures %A Emily M Bonner %A Gavin P Horn %A Denise L Smith %A Stephen Kerber %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science, Remote %8 09/2020 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Total Exposure Health %D 2020 %T Silicone Wristbands and Wearables to Assess Chemical Exposures %A Holly Dixon %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Kim A Anderson %B Total Exposure Health %I CRC Press %P 139-160 %G eng %U https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429263286/chapters/10.1201/9780429263286-11 %& 9 %R https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429263286 %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Time-Integrated Exposures to Identify Chemical Profiles between Health and Dysphagic Foals %A Briana N Rivera %E K. Mullen %Y Lane G Tidwell %? R. Ivanek %? D. Ainsworth %? Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology %8 03/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement of PAHs %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 41st Annual Meeting, Virtual %8 11/2020 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement of PAHs %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B Cascadia Wildfire and Urban Smoke Working Group Webinar, Virtual %8 07/2020 %G eng %0 Web Page %D 2020 %T Wildfire impact on indoor/outdoor air quality and chemical movement %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program Blog %G eng %U https://blogs.oregonstate.edu/superfund/2020/10/13/wildfire-impact-on-indoor-outdoor-air-quality-and-chemical-movement/ %0 Journal Article %J Air Qual Atmos Health %D 2019 %T Artificial turf: chemical flux and development of silicone wristband partitioning coefficients. %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

This work provides the first quantitative measure of flux of semi-volatile contaminants on artificial turf fields. Passive samplers were used to identify gas-phase PAHs and OPAHs not previously reported associated with artificial turf. Utilizing a broad and targeted screen, we assess both artificial turf and from crumb rubber for 1,529 chemicals, including several with known health effects including benzo[c]fluorene. We also report the presence of 25 chemicals that have not yet been reported in artificial turf literature, including some with known effects on human health. This is the first report of bioavailable gas-phase PAH and OPAH concentrations on an outdoor field, to date gas-phase concentrations have only been reported from indoor facilities. Turf air and air were highly correlated at all three sites, and particularly at the recently-installed indoor site. Finally, thermal extraction and silicone passive samplers are highly suitable for larger-scale sampling campaigns that aim for less solvent and sample processing. We demonstrate for the first time that silicone passive samplers can be used to quantify volatile and semi-volatile organic chemicals from artificial turf. Co-deploying silicone passive samplers and conventional low density polyethylene, we develop partitioning coefficients that can be used for silicone passive air sampling environmental assessment.

%B Air Qual Atmos Health %V 12 %P 597-611 %8 2019 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s11869-019-00680-1 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US. %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B Environmental Public Health in the 21st Century Research Symposium, Oregon State University Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2019 Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B ARCS Foundation Scholars Luncheon, Portland, OR %8 10/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Assessing wildfire influence on indoor and outdoor chemical concentrations and diffusive flux between soils and air of PAHs in the Western United States %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2019 %T A Case Study Describing a Community-Engaged Approach for Evaluating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in a Native American Community. %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Donatuto %A Heidt, Myk %A Michael L Barton %A Campbell, Larry %A Kim A Anderson %A Molly Kile %K Air Pollutants %K Air Pollution, Indoor %K Community Participation %K Community-Based Participatory Research %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Male %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Seasons %X

In 2015, the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) was impacted by an air toxic release from one of two nearby oil refineries. This experience motivated SITC members to learn more about their exposure to air toxics. On the invitation of SITC, this community-based study measured personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and conducted interviews with the volunteers to evaluate perceptions of the data and experience of participating. Non-smoking SITC members were recruited in March 2016 ( = 10) and January 2017 ( = 22) with seven volunteers participating both times. Volunteers wore a wristband passive sampler for 7 days and completed daily activity diaries. Wristbands were analyzed for 62 PAHs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon exact tests determined if the sum total PAHs (ΣPAH) differed by activity, proximity to the refineries, and time. Aggregated results were shared during community meetings, and volunteers received individual reports. Volunteers ( = 9) participated in individual interviews. All volunteers were exposed to different amounts and types of PAHs. Burning candles or using a wood stove and/or propane heating were associated with higher ΣPAH exposures. While ΣPAH was similar in both sampling periods, the composition of PAHs differed. More priority listed PAHs were detected in January ( = 17) versus March ( = 10). Among volunteers who participated in both sampling events, exposure to four PAHs significantly differed between seasons. Overall, volunteers reported that the study made them more aware of air pollution sources in their community. They also commented that the chemical nomenclature was difficult to understand, but appreciated the individual reports that allowed them to visually compare their data to the distribution of data collected in their community. For volunteers with lower exposures, these comparisons gave them relief. However, volunteers with higher exposures reported concern and several changed their behaviors to reduce their exposure to known PAH sources. This study provided an opportunity for SITC members to learn about their personal exposure to a class of air toxics within the context of their community. While the limitations of the study hindered the ability to identify sources of air toxics in the community, this activity appeared to raise awareness about ambient and indoor air pollution among the volunteers.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 16 %8 2019 01 24 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.3390/ijerph16030327 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health Perspect %D 2019 %T Constituents of Household Air Pollution and Risk of Lung Cancer among Never-Smoking Women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China. %A Vermeulen, Roel %A Downward, George S %A Zhang, Jinming %A Hu, Wei %A Portengen, Lützen %A Bassig, Bryan A %A Hammond, S Katharine %A Wong, Jason Y Y %A Li, Jihua %A Reiss, Boris %A He, Jun %A Tian, Linwei %A Yang, Kaiyun %A Seow, Wei Jie %A Xu, Jun %A Kim A Anderson %A Ji, Bu-Tian %A Silverman, Debra %A Chanock, Stephen %A Huang, Yunchao %A Rothman, Nathaniel %A Lan, Qing %X

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer rates among never-smoking women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan in China are among the highest in the world and have been attributed to the domestic use of smoky (bituminous) coal for heating and cooking. However, the key components of coal that drive lung cancer risk have not been identified.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the relationship between lifelong exposure to the constituents of smoky coal (and other fuel types) and lung cancer.

METHODS: Using a population-based case-control study of lung cancer among 1,015 never-smoking female cases and 485 controls, we examined the association between exposure to 43 household air pollutants and lung cancer. Pollutant predictions were derived from a comprehensive exposure assessment study, which included methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have never been directly evaluated in an epidemiological study of any cancer. Hierarchical clustering and penalized regression were applied in order to address high colinearity in exposure variables.

RESULTS: The strongest association with lung cancer was for a cluster of 25 PAHs [odds ratio (OR): 2.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67, 2.87 per 1 standard deviation (SD) change], within which 5-methylchrysene (5-MC), a mutagenic and carcinogenic PAH, had the highest individual observed OR (5.42; 95% CI: 0.94, 27.5). A positive association with nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text]) was also observed (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.49). By contrast, neither benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) nor fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) were associated with lung cancer in the multipollutant models.

CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the association between lung cancer and household air pollution (HAP) constituents estimated over the entire life course. Given the global ubiquity of coal use domestically for indoor cooking and heating and commercially for electric power generation, our study suggests that more extensive monitoring of coal combustion products, including methylated PAHs, may be warranted to more accurately assess health risks and develop prevention strategies from this exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4913.

%B Environ Health Perspect %V 127 %P 97001 %8 2019 Sep %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1289/EHP4913 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2019 %T Determinants of pesticide concentrations in silicone wristbands worn by Latina adolescent girls in a California farmworker community: The COSECHA youth participatory action study. %A Harley, Kim G %A Parra, Kimberly L %A Jose Camacho %A Asa Bradman %A Nolan, James E S %A Lessard, Chloe %A Kim A Anderson %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Richard P Scott %A Lazaro, Giselle %A Edgar Cardoso %A Daisy Gallardo %A Gunier, Robert B %X

Personal exposure to pesticides has not been well characterized, especially among adolescents. We used silicone wristbands to assess pesticide exposure in 14 to 16 year old Latina girls (N = 97) living in the agricultural Salinas Valley, California, USA and enrolled in the COSECHA (CHAMACOS of Salinas Examining Chemicals in Homes and Agriculture) Study, a youth participatory action study in an agricultural region of California. We determined pesticide concentrations (ng/g/day) in silicone wristbands worn for one week using gas chromatography electron capture detection and employed gas chromatography mass spectrometry to determine the presence or absence of over 1500 chemicals. Predictors of pesticide detections and concentrations were identified using logistic regression, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Tobit regression models. The most frequently detected pesticides in wristbands were fipronil sulfide (87%), cypermethrin (56%), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (56%), dacthal (53%), and trans-permethrin (52%). Living within 100 m of active agricultural fields, having carpeting in the home, and having an exterminator treat the home in the past six months were associated with higher odds of detecting certain pesticides. Permethrin concentrations were lower for participants who cleaned their homes daily (GM: 1.9 vs. 6.8 ng/g/day, p = 0.01). In multivariable regression models, participants with doormats in the entryway of their home had lower concentrations (p < 0.05) of cypermethrin (87%), permethrin (99%), fipronil sulfide (69%) and DDE (75%). The results suggest that both nearby agricultural pesticide use and individual behaviors are associated with pesticide exposures.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 652 %P 1022-1029 %8 2018 Oct 23 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.276 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Determining Environmental Exposure Profiles of Health and Dysphagic Foals %A Briana N Rivera %A Kathleen Mullen %A Lane G Tidwell %A Renata Ivanek %A Dorothy Ainsworth %A Susan C Tilton %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Determining Environmental Exposure Profiles of Health and Dysphagic Foals %A Briana N Rivera %A Kathleen Mullen %A Lane G Tidwell %A Renata Ivanek %A Dorothy Ainsworth %A Susan C Tilton %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program, Seattle, WA %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J BMC Public Health %D 2019 %T Development of an environmental health tool linking chemical exposures, physical location and lung function. %A Diana Rohlman %A Holly Dixon %A Laurel D Kincl %A Larkin, Andrew %A Evoy, Richard %A Michael L Barton %A Phillips, Aaron %A Elena S Peterson %A Scaffidi, Christopher %A Julie Herbstman %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

BACKGROUND: A challenge in environmental health research is collecting robust data sets to facilitate comparisons between personal chemical exposures, the environment and health outcomes. To address this challenge, the Exposure, Location and lung Function (ELF) tool was designed in collaboration with communities that share environmental health concerns. These concerns centered on respiratory health and ambient air quality. The ELF collects exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), given their association with diminished lung function. Here, we describe the ELF as a novel environmental health assessment tool.

METHODS: The ELF tool collects chemical exposure for 62 PAHs using passive sampling silicone wristbands, geospatial location data and respiratory lung function measures using a paired hand-held spirometer. The ELF was tested by 10 individuals with mild to moderate asthma for 7 days. Participants wore a wristband each day to collect PAH exposure, carried a cell phone, and performed spirometry daily to collect respiratory health measures. Location data was gathered using the geospatial positioning system technology in an Android cell-phone.

RESULTS: We detected and quantified 31 PAHs across the study population. PAH exposure data showed spatial and temporal sensitivity within and between participants. Location data was used with existing datasets such as the Toxics Release Inventory and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazard Mapping System. Respiratory health outcomes were validated using criteria from the American Thoracic Society with 94% of participant data meeting standards. Finally, the ELF was used with a high degree of compliance (> 90%) by community members.

CONCLUSIONS: The ELF is a novel environmental health assessment tool that allows for personal data collection spanning chemical exposures, location and lung function measures as well as self-reported information.

%B BMC Public Health %V 19 %P 854 %8 2019 Jul 01 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12889-019-7217-z %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2019 %T Differential exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in mother-child pairs. %A Gibson, Elizabeth A %A Heather M Stapleton %A Lehyla Calero %A Darrell Holmes %A Burke, Kimberly %A Martinez, Rodney %A Cortes, Boris %A Nematollahi, Amy %A Evans, David %A Kim A Anderson %A Julie Herbstman %K Adult %K Child %K Child Development %K Child, Preschool %K Cohort Studies %K Dust %K Environmental Exposure %K Female %K Flame Retardants %K Humans %K Male %K Mothers %K Organophosphates %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: Humans are ubiquitously exposed to flame retardants, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), through direct contact with consumer products or exposure through household dust. Children are at increased risk because of their proximity to dust, hand-to-mouth activity, and the importance of childhood as a critical period in neurodevelopment.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify differences in exposure levels between mothers and children (three to six years of age), we analyzed urinary metabolites of OPEs. We additionally assessed the ability of silicone wristbands (measuring ambient exposure) to predict urinary metabolite concentrations.

METHODS: We selected 32 mother and child dyads from an existing cohort. Participants provided baseline urine samples and wore wristbands for one week. After the first week, they returned their wristbands and provided a second urine sample. During the second week, participants wore a second wristband that they returned at the end of week two with a third and final urine sample.

RESULTS: We found significantly higher levels of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) (p < 0.001) and lower levels of bis(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) 1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (p < 0.001) in children's urine samples compared to mothers' samples at baseline. We found that triphenylphosphate (TPHP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) measured in wristbands predicted their respective metabolite levels in urine.

CONCLUSION: Children had higher levels than mothers for two of six flame retardant metabolites measured in urine. Generally, wristband measurements positively predicted internal dose. As little is known about the health effects of OPEs on child development, future research is needed to determine the impact of differential exposure.

%B Chemosphere %V 219 %P 567-573 %8 2019 Mar %G eng %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.008 %0 Journal Article %J R Soc Open Sci %D 2019 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands. %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Alan J Bergmann %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A Paulik, L Blair %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

To assess differences and trends in personal chemical exposure, volunteers from 14 communities in Africa (Senegal, South Africa), North America (United States (U.S.)) and South America (Peru) wore 262 silicone wristbands. We analysed wristband extracts for 1530 unique chemicals, resulting in 400 860 chemical data points. The number of chemical detections ranged from 4 to 43 per wristband, with 191 different chemicals detected, and 1339 chemicals were not detected in any wristband. No two wristbands had identical chemical detections. We detected 13 potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in over 50% of all wristbands and found 36 chemicals in common between chemicals detected in three geographical wristband groups (Africa, North America and South America). U.S. children (less than or equal to 11 years) had the highest percentage of flame retardant detections compared with all other participants. Wristbands worn in Texas post-Hurricane Harvey had the highest mean number of chemical detections (28) compared with other study locations (10-25). Consumer product-related chemicals and phthalates were a high percentage of chemical detections across all study locations (36-53% and 18-42%, respectively). Chemical exposures varied among individuals; however, many individuals were exposed to similar chemical mixtures. Our exploratory investigation uncovered personal chemical exposure trends that can help prioritize certain mixtures and chemical classes for future studies.

%B R Soc Open Sci %V 6 %P 181836 %8 02/2019 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1098/rsos.181836 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Alan J Bergmann %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, OR %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Discovery of Firefighter Chemical Exposures using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Discovery of Firefighter chemical Exposures Using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Military Health System Research Symposium, Kissimmee, FL %8 08/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Evaluating Toxicity of Inhalation Exposure to Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling %A Briana N Rivera %A Lane G Tidwell %A Carey E Donald %A Yvonne Chang %A Kathleen Mullen %A Dorothy Ainsworth %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Society of Toxicology National Conference, Baltimore, MD %8 03/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Evaluating Toxicity of Inhalation Exposure to Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling %A Briana N Rivera %A Lane G Tidwell %A Carey E Donald %A Yvonne Chang %A Kathleen Mullen %A Dorothy Ainsworth %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Society of Toxicology National Conference, Baltimore, MD %8 03/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T How Should We Approach Forming Representative Mixtures? %A Briana N Rivera %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Environmental Health Sciences Colloquim, Corvallis OR %8 09/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol Lett %D 2019 %T Indoor versus Outdoor Air Quality during Wildfires. %A Messier, K P %A Lane G Tidwell %A Christine C Ghetu %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Lisa M Bramer %A Holly Dixon %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

The human behavioral modification recommendations during wildfire events are based on particulate matter and may be confounded by the potential risks of gas-phase pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Moreover, the majority of adults spend over 90 percent of their time indoors where there is an increased concern of indoor air quality during wildfire events. We address these timely concerns by evaluating paired indoor and outdoor PAH concentrations in residential locations and their relationship with satellite model-based categorization of wildfire smoke intensity. Low-density polyethylene passive air samplers were deployed at six urban sites for 1 week in Eugene, Oregon with matched indoor and outdoor samples and 24 h time resolution. Samples were then quantitatively analyzed for 63 PAH concentrations using gas-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A probabilistic principal components analysis was used to reduce all 63 PAHs into an aggregate measure. Linear regression of the first principal component against indoor versus outdoor shows that indoor gas-phase PAH concentrations are consistently equal to or greater than outdoor concentrations. Regression against a satellite-based model for wildfire smoke shows that outdoor, but not indoor gas-phase PAH concentrations are likely associated with wildfire events. These results point toward the need to include gas-phase pollutants such as PAHs in air pollution risk assessment.

%B Environ Sci Technol Lett %V 6 %P 696-701 %8 2019 Dec 10 %G eng %N 12 %R 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00599 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2019 %T Nicotine levels in silicone wristband samplers worn by children exposed to secondhand smoke and electronic cigarette vapor are highly correlated with child's urinary cotinine. %A Quintana, Penelope J E %A Hoh, Eunha %A Dodder, Nathan G %A Matt, Georg E %A Zakarian, Joy M %A Kim A Anderson %A Akins, Brittany %A Chu, Linda %A Hovell, Melbourne F %X

Exposure assessment in children, especially young children, presents difficulties not found with adults. Simple silicone wristbands are passive samplers that have potential applicability in exposure studies of children. We investigated the performance of silicone wristbands as personal nicotine samplers in two wristbands worn by a child (n = 31) for 7 days and for 2 days (worn day 5 to day 7). We compared levels of nicotine in wristbands with urinary cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, measured in the child's urine obtained on day 7. Children were recruited who were exposed to contaminants in tobacco smoke and/or vapor from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; commonly known as electronic cigarettes or EC) as well as children who lived in nonsmoking homes. Caregivers were interviewed to obtain reported measures of the child's exposure. Analysis was by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and isotope dilution (LC-MS/MS). The nicotine detected in the wristbands worn for 2 days was highly correlated with urinary cotinine concentration (df = 29, r = 0.741, p < 0.001), as was nicotine in wristbands worn for 7 days (df = 28, r = 0.804, p < 0.001). The 2- and 7-day wristband nicotine amounts were also significantly correlated (df = 28, r = 0.852, p < 0.001). Silicone wristbands may be a useful tool for epidemiological and intervention studies of tobacco product exposure in children.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2019 Feb 06 %G eng %R 10.1038/s41370-019-0116-7 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T NIEHS Extramural Paper of the Month: Flame retardant linked to hyperthyroidism in cats %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2019/9/papers/dert/index.htm %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2019/9/papers/dert/index.htm %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Non-Invasive Personal Wristband Sampler to Assess Chemical Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B Advancing Environmental Health Science Research and Translation in India through Community-Based Participatory Research Workshop, Participatory Research in Asia, Delhi, India %8 02/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Mar Pollut Bull %D 2019 %T A passive sampling model to predict PAHs in butter clams (Saxidomus giganteus), a traditional food source for Native American tribes of the Salish Sea Region. %A D James Minick %A Paulik, L Blair %A Richard P Scott %A Molly Kile %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Bivalvia %K Consumer Product Safety %K Environmental Monitoring %K Food Contamination %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Shellfish %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Native Americans face disproportionate exposures to environmental pollution through traditional subsistence practices including shellfish harvesting. In this study, the collection of butter clams (Saxidomus giganteus) was spatially and temporally paired with deployment of sediment pore water passive samplers at 20 locations in the Puget Sound region of the Salish Sea in the Pacific Northwest, USA, within adjudicated usual and accustomed tribal fishing grounds and stations. Clams and passive samplers were analyzed for 62 individual PAHs. A linear regression model was constructed to predict PAH concentrations in the edible fraction of butter clams from the freely dissolved fraction (C) in porewater. PAH concentrations can be predicted within a factor of 1.9 ± 0.2 on average from the freely dissolved PAH concentration in porewater using the following equation: PAHClam=4.1±0.1×PAHporewater This model offers a simplified, cost effective, and low impact approach to assess contaminant levels in butter clams which are an important traditional food.

%B Mar Pollut Bull %V 145 %P 28-35 %8 2019 Aug %G eng %R 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.020 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T SETAC Best Student Platform Award (3rd Place): Foster (Sonny) Mayer PhD Category %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %U https://awards.setac.org/best-student-presentation/ %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Silicone Dog Tags Detect Firefighter Chemical Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Sara A Jahnke %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 9th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Cats %K Flame Retardants %K Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers %K Hyperthyroidism %K New York %K Oregon %K Organophosphates %K Phosphates %K Silicones %X

Feline hyperthyroidism is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine-related disease among senior and geriatric housecats, but the causes remain unknown. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds with thyroid targets, such as flame retardants (FRs), may contribute to disease development. Silicone passive sampling devices, or pet tags, quantitatively assessed the bioavailable FR exposures of 78 cats (≥7 y) in New York and Oregon using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pet tags were analyzed for 36 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, six organophosphate esters (OPEs), and two alternative brominated FRs. In nonhyperthyroid cats, serum free thyroxine (fT), total T (TT), total triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were compared with FR concentrations. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) concentrations were higher in hyperthyroid pet tags in comparison to nonhyperthyroid pet tags (adjusted odds ratio, < 0.07; Mantel-Cox, < 0.02). Higher TDCIPP concentrations were associated with air freshener use in comparison to no use ( < 0.01), residences built since 2005 compared to those pre-1989 ( < 0.002), and cats preferring to spend time on upholstered furniture in comparison to no preference ( < 0.05). Higher TDCIPP concentrations were associated with higher fT and TT concentrations ( < 0.05). This study provides proof-of-concept data for the use of silicone pet tags with companion animals and further indicates that bioavailable TDCIPP exposures are associated with feline hyperthyroidism.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 53 %P 9203-9213 %8 2019 Aug 06 %G eng %N 15 %R 10.1021/acs.est.9b02226 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Silicone Pet Tags Associate Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Isopropyl) Phosphate Exposures with Feline Hyperthyroidism %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University, Environmental Health Science Center July Colloquium, Corvallis, OR %8 07/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2019 %T Toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in humans: Extensive metabolism as determined by UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry following oral micro-dosing. %A Erin Madeen %A Siddens, Lisbeth K %A Sandra Uesugi %A McQuistan, Tammie %A Corley, Richard A %A Jordan Smith %A Katrina M Waters %A Susan C Tilton %A Kim A Anderson %A Ted J Ognibene %A Kenneth Turteltaub %A Williams, David E %X

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), is a known human carcinogen (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) class 1). The remarkable sensitivity (zepto-attomole C in biological samples) of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) makes possible, with de minimus risk, pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis following [C]-BaP micro-dosing of humans. A 46 ng (5 nCi) dose was given thrice to 5 volunteers with minimum 2 weeks between dosing and plasma collected over 72 h. [C]-BaP PK analysis gave plasma T and C values of 1.25 h and 29-82 fg/mL, respectively. PK parameters were assessed by non- compartment and compartment models. Intervals between dosing ranged from 20 to 420 days and had little impact on intra-individual variation. DNA, extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 4 volunteers, showed measurable levels (LOD ~ 0.5 adducts/10 nucleotides) in two individuals 2-3 h post-dose, approximately three orders of magnitude lower than smokers or occupationally-exposed individuals. Little or no DNA binding was detectable at 48-72 h. In volunteers the allelic variants CYP1B1, or and GSTM1 or had no impact on [C]-BaP PK or DNA adduction with this very limited sample. Plasma metabolites over 72 h from two individuals (one CYP1B1 and one CYP1B1) were analyzed by UPLC-AMS. In both individuals, parent [C]-BaP was a minor constituent even at the earliest time points and metabolite profiles markedly distinct. AMS, coupled with UPLC, could be used in humans to enhance the accuracy of pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics and risk assessment of environmental carcinogens.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 364 %P 97-105 %8 2019 Feb 01 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.taap.2018.12.010 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Using Passive Samplers to Evaluate Inhalation Exposure %A Briana N Rivera %A Kathleen Mullen %A Lane G Tidwell %A Renata Ivanek %A Dorothy Ainsworth %A Susan C Tilton %A Kim A Anderson %B Military Health System Research Symposium, Kissimmee, FL %8 08/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Applications of Passive Silicone Wristband Samplers: Childhood Para-Occupational Exposures to Pesticide Mixtures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Thomas A Arcury %A Sara A Quandt %A Paul J Laurienti %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Artificial Turf: Chemical Flux and Development of Silicone Wristband Partitioning Coefficients %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 9th Annual Research Day, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US. %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Superfund Research Program 2018 Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA. %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 39th Annual Meeting, Sacremento, CA %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in the Pacific Northwest, US %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Assessing flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air phases at a legacy creosote site in St. Helens, Oregon %A Christine C Ghetu %A D James Minick %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 27th PNW-SETAC Annual Conference, Corvallis, OR %8 03/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Bridging Superfund Bioavailable PAH Fate with Individual Exposures and Biological Effects %A Christine C Ghetu %A Kim A Anderson %X
%B Oregon State University/PNNL Superfund Research Program External Advisory Meeting, Carson, WA %8 03/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Arch Toxicol %D 2018 %T Comparative developmental toxicity of a comprehensive suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. %A Mitra Geier %A Chlebowski, Anna C %A Truong, Lisa %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Animals %K Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Larva %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Toxicity Tests %K Zebrafish %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants that occur in complex mixtures. Several PAHs are known or suspected mutagens and/or carcinogens, but developmental toxicity data is lacking for PAHs, particularly their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives. Such data are necessary to understand and predict the toxicity of environmental mixtures. 123 PAHs were assessed for morphological and neurobehavioral effects for a range of concentrations between 0.1 and 50 µM, using a high throughput early-life stage zebrafish assay, including 33 parent, 22 nitrated, 17 oxygenated, 19 hydroxylated, 14 methylated, 16 heterocyclic, and 2 aminated PAHs. Additionally, each PAH was evaluated for AHR activation, by assessing CYP1A protein expression using whole animal immunohistochemistry (IHC). Responses to PAHs varied in a structurally dependent manner. High-molecular weight PAHs were significantly more developmentally toxic than the low-molecular weight PAHs, and CYP1A expression was detected in five distinct tissues, including vasculature, liver, skin, neuromasts and yolk.

%B Arch Toxicol %V 92 %P 571-586 %8 2018 Feb %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s00204-017-2068-9 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing chemical exposures across diverse communities using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Carey E Donald %A Alan J Bergmann %A Points, Gary L %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B Gordon Research Conference on Environmental Sciences: Water, Holderness, NH %C Holderness, New Hampshire %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing Chemical Exposures Across Diverse Communities Using Silicone Wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Bergmann AJ %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B Total Exposure Health Conference, Bethesda, MD %8 09/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing chemical exposures across diverse communities using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Alan J Bergmann %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Smith BW %A Lane G Tidwell %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, Oregon %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors Exposure, Toxicity, Analysis, and Risk %D 2018 %T Considerations for measuring exposure to chemical mixtures %A LB Paulik %A Kim A Anderson %B Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors Exposure, Toxicity, Analysis, and Risk %7 Rider and Simmons %I Springer %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2018 %T Development of quantitative screen for 1550 chemicals with GC-MS. %A Alan J Bergmann %A Points, Gary L %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %X

With hundreds of thousands of chemicals in the environment, effective monitoring requires high-throughput analytical techniques. This paper presents a quantitative screening method for 1550 chemicals based on statistical modeling of responses with identification and integration performed using deconvolution reporting software. The method was evaluated with representative environmental samples. We tested biological extracts, low-density polyethylene, and silicone passive sampling devices spiked with known concentrations of 196 representative chemicals. A multiple linear regression (R = 0.80) was developed with molecular weight, logP, polar surface area, and fractional ion abundance to predict chemical responses within a factor of 2.5. Linearity beyond the calibration had R > 0.97 for three orders of magnitude. Median limits of quantitation were estimated to be 201 pg/μL (1.9× standard deviation). The number of detected chemicals and the accuracy of quantitation were similar for environmental samples and standard solutions. To our knowledge, this is the most precise method for the largest number of semi-volatile organic chemicals lacking authentic standards. Accessible instrumentation and software make this method cost effective in quantifying a large, customizable list of chemicals. When paired with silicone wristband passive samplers, this quantitative screen will be very useful for epidemiology where binning of concentrations is common. Graphical abstract A multiple linear regression of chemical responses measured with GC-MS allowed quantitation of 1550 chemicals in samples such as silicone wristbands.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %V 410 %P 3101-3110 %8 2018 May %G eng %N 13 %R 10.1007/s00216-018-0997-7 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Bergmann AJ %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Pollut %D 2018 %T Environmental and individual PAH exposures near rural natural gas extraction. %A Paulik, L Blair %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Brian W Smith %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %K Air Pollutants %K Air Pollution %K Environmental Exposure %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Linear Models %K Natural Gas %K Oil and Gas Fields %K Petroleum %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Pyrenes %K Silicones %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

Natural gas extraction (NGE) has expanded rapidly in the United States in recent years. Despite concerns, there is little information about the effects of NGE on air quality or personal exposures of people living or working nearby. Recent research suggests NGE emits polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into air. This study used low-density polyethylene passive samplers to measure concentrations of PAHs in air near active (n = 3) and proposed (n = 2) NGE sites. At each site, two concentric rings of air samplers were placed around the active or proposed well pad location. Silicone wristbands were used to assess personal PAH exposures of participants (n = 19) living or working near the sampling sites. All samples were analyzed for 62 PAHs using GC-MS/MS, and point sources were estimated using the fluoranthene/pyrene isomer ratio. ∑PAH was significantly higher in air at active NGE sites (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.01). PAHs in air were also more petrogenic (petroleum-derived) at active NGE sites. This suggests that PAH mixtures at active NGE sites may have been affected by direct emissions from petroleum sources at these sites. ∑PAH was also significantly higher in wristbands from participants who had active NGE wells on their properties than from participants who did not (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.005). There was a significant positive correlation between ∑PAH in participants' wristbands and ∑PAH in air measured closest to participants' homes or workplaces (simple linear regression, p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that living or working near an active NGE well may increase personal PAH exposure. This work also supports the utility of the silicone wristband to assess personal PAH exposure.

%B Environ Pollut %V 241 %P 397-405 %8 2018 Oct %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.010 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Evaluating Toxicity Associated with Inhalation Exposure to Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling %A Briana N Rivera %A Lane G Tidwell %A Yvonne Chang %A Carey E Donald %A Kathleen Mullen %A Dorothy Ainsworth %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Environmental Public Health in the 21st Century Research Symposium %8 01/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Feline Hyperthyroidism and Household Chemical Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Kim A Anderson %B 9th Annual Research Day, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T A Novel Approach for Measuring Firefighter Occupational Chemical Exposures %A Lane G Tidwell %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Christopher K Haddock %E Sara A Jahnke %E Kim A Anderson %B FEMA, Assistance to Firefighters Meeting, Houston, TX %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2018 %T Pharmacokinetics of [C]-Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in humans: Impact of Co-Administration of smoked salmon and BaP dietary restriction. %A Hummel, Jessica M %A Erin Madeen %A Siddens, Lisbeth K %A Sandra Uesugi %A McQuistan, Tammie %A Kim A Anderson %A Kenneth Turteltaub %A Ted J Ognibene %A Bench, Graham %A Krueger, Sharon K %A Stuart Harris %A Jordan Smith %A Susan C Tilton %A Baird, William M %A Williams, David E %K Adult %K Aged %K Animals %K Benzo(a)pyrene %K Carbon Radioisotopes %K Carcinogens %K Cooking %K Female %K Fish Products %K Food Safety %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Salmon %K Young Adult %X

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a known human carcinogen. In non-smoking adults greater than 95% of BaP exposure is through diet. The carcinogenicity of BaP is utilized by the U.S. EPA to assess relative potency of complex PAH mixtures. PAH relative potency factors (RPFs, BaP = 1) are determined from high dose animal data. We employed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to determine pharmacokinetics of [C]-BaP in humans following dosing with 46 ng (an order of magnitude lower than human dietary daily exposure and million-fold lower than animal cancer models). To assess the impact of co-administration of food with a complex PAH mixture, humans were dosed with 46 ng of [C]-BaP with or without smoked salmon. Subjects were asked to avoid high BaP-containing diets and a 3-day dietary questionnaire given to assess dietary exposure prior to dosing and three days post-dosing with [C]-BaP. Co-administration of smoked salmon, containing a complex mixture of PAHs with an RPF of 460 ng BaP, reduced and delayed absorption. Administration of canned commercial salmon, containing very low amounts of PAHs, showed the impacts on pharmacokinetics were not due to high amounts of PAHs but rather a food matrix effect.

%B Food Chem Toxicol %V 115 %P 136-147 %8 2018 May %G eng %R 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.003 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Rapid deployment of passive sampling wristbands in response to Hurricane Harvey; Community engagement and reporting. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Holly Dixon %A Diana Rohlman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Michael L Barton %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Research and reporting back: Community-engaged investigation around asthma and air pollution %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Holly Dixon %A Evoy, Richie %A Michael L Barton %A Kim A Anderson %B Seminar at the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health and NIEHS Center, New York City, NY %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Cat Tags Detect Feline Flame Retardant Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Joint Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science and International Society of Environmental Epidemiology, Ottawa, ON %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Cat Tags Detect Feline Flame Retardant Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU Superfund Research Program External Advisory Council Meeting, Carson, WA %8 03/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Dog Tags Examine Occupational Firefighter Chemical Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Total Exposure Health, Bethesda, MD %8 09/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2018 %T Silicone wristbands compared with traditional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure assessment methods %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Currently there is a lack of inexpensive, easy-to-use technology to evaluate human exposure to environmental chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This is the first study in which silicone wristbands were deployed alongside two traditional personal PAH exposure assessment methods: active air monitoring with samplers (i.e., polyurethane foam (PUF) and filter) housed in backpacks, and biological sampling with urine. We demonstrate that wristbands worn for 48 h in a non-occupational setting recover semivolatile PAHs, and we compare levels of PAHs in wristbands to PAHs in PUFs-filters and to hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) biomarkers in urine. We deployed all samplers simultaneously for 48 h on 22 pregnant women in an established urban birth cohort. Each woman provided one spot urine sample at the end of the 48-h period. Wristbands recovered PAHs with similar detection frequencies to PUFs-filters. Of the 62 PAHs tested for in the 22 wristbands, 51 PAHs were detected in at least one wristband. In this cohort of pregnant women, we found more significant correlations between OH-PAHs and PAHs in wristbands than between OH-PAHs and PAHs in PUFs-filters. Only two comparisons between PAHs in PUFs-filters and OH-PAHs correlated significantly (r = 0.53 and p = 0.01; r = 0.44 and p = 0.04), whereas six comparisons between PAHs in wristbands and OH-PAHs correlated significantly (r = 0.44 to 0.76 and p = 0.04 to <0.0001). These results support the utility of wristbands as a biologically relevant exposure assessment tool which can be easily integrated into environmental health studies. Graphical abstract PAHs detected in samples collected from urban pregnant women.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %8 04/2018 %G eng %R 10.1007/s00216-018-0992-z %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone wristbands compared with traditional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure assessment methods %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, Oregon %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Silicone wristbands to assess personal chemical exposure %A Holly Dixon %A Kim A Anderson %B Seminar at the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health and NIEHS Center, New York City, NY %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Silicone wristbands to assess personal chemical exposure %A Holly Dixon %A Kim A Anderson %B Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai: New York City Exposome Symposium, New York City, NY %8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2018 %T Systematic developmental neurotoxicity assessment of a representative PAH Superfund mixture using zebrafish. %A Mitra Geier %A D James Minick %A Truong, Lisa %A Susan C Tilton %A Pande, Paritosh %A Kim A Anderson %A JG Teeguarden %A Robyn L Tanguay %X

Superfund sites often consist of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is widely recognized that PAHs pose risks to human and environmental health, but the risks posed by exposure to PAH mixtures are unclear. We constructed an environmentally relevant PAH mixture with the top 10 most prevalent PAHs (SM10) from a Superfund site derived from environmental passive sampling data. Using the zebrafish model, we measured body burden at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) and evaluated the developmental and neurotoxicity of SM10 and the 10 individual constituents at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) and 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 120 hpf to (1) the SM10 mixture, (2) a variety of individual PAHs: pyrene, fluoranthene, retene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluorene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. We demonstrated that SM10 and only 3 of the individual PAHs were developmentally toxic. Subsequently, we constructed and exposed developing zebrafish to two sub-mixtures: SM3 (comprised of 3 of the developmentally toxicity PAHs) and SM7 (7 non-developmentally toxic PAHs). We found that the SM3 toxicity profile was similar to SM10, and SM7 unexpectedly elicited developmental toxicity unlike that seen with its individual components. The results demonstrated that the overall developmental toxicity in the mixtures could be explained using the general concentration addition model. To determine if exposures activated the AHR pathway, spatial expression of CYP1A was evaluated in the 10 individual PAHs and the 3 mixtures at 5 dpf. Results showed activation of AHR in the liver and vasculature for the mixtures and some individual PAHs. Embryos exposed to SM10 during development and raised in chemical-free water into adulthood exhibited decreased learning and responses to startle stimulus indicating that developmental SM10 exposures affect neurobehavior. Collectively, these results exemplify the utility of zebrafish to investigate the developmental and neurotoxicity of complex mixtures.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %8 2018 Apr 06 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.029 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Using passive samplers and 3D bronchial epithelium to determine toxicity associated with natural gas drilling %A Briana N Rivera %A Lane G Tidwell %A Carey E Donald %A Kathleen Mullen %A Dorothy Ainsworth %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Fall Conference %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Using passive samplers and 3D bronchial epithelium to determine toxicity associated with natural gas drilling %A Briana N Rivera %A Lane G Tidwell %A Carey E Donald %A Kathleen Mullen %A Dorothy Ainsworth %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %A Susan C Tilton %B Pacific Northwest Association of Toxicologists (PANWAT), Bothell, Wa %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Wearable Silicone Passive Sampling Devices Explore Flame Retardant Exposures in Hyperthyroid Housecat Case-Control Study %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Joint Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science and International Society of Environmental Epidemiology, Ottawa, ON %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Wearable Silicone Passive Sampling Devices Reveal Flame Retardant Exposures in Case-Control Housecat Study %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Julie Herbstman %A Mark E Peterson %A Jana Gordon %A Peter Soboroff %A Darrell Holmes %A Dezere Gonzalez %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2017 %T Air-water exchange of PAHs and OPAHs at a superfund mega-site. %A Lane G Tidwell %A LB Paulik %A Kim A Anderson %X

Chemical fate is a concern at environmentally contaminated sites, but characterizing that fate can be difficult. Identifying and quantifying the movement of chemicals at the air-water interface are important steps in characterizing chemical fate. Superfund sites are often suspected sources of air pollution due to legacy sediment and water contamination. A quantitative assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAH (OPAHs) diffusive flux in a river system that contains a Superfund Mega-site, and passes through residential, urban and agricultural land, has not been reported before. Here, passive sampling devices (PSDs) were used to measure 60 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAH (OPAHs) in air and water. From these concentrations the magnitude and direction of contaminant flux between these two compartments was calculated. The magnitude of PAH flux was greater at sites near or within the Superfund Mega-site than outside of the Superfund Mega-site. The largest net individual PAH deposition at a single site was naphthalene at a rate of -14,200 (±5780) (ng/m(2))/day. The estimated one-year total flux of phenanthrene was -7.9×10(5) (ng/m(2))/year. Human health risk associated with inhalation of vapor phase PAHs and dermal exposure to PAHs in water were assessed by calculating benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations. Excess lifetime cancer risk estimates show potential increased risk associated with exposure to PAHs at sites within and in close proximity to the Superfund Mega-site. Specifically, estimated excess lifetime cancer risk associated with dermal exposure and inhalation of PAHs was above 1 in 1 million within the Superfund Mega-site. The predominant depositional flux profile observed in this study suggests that the river water in this Superfund site is largely a sink for airborne PAHs, rather than a source.

%B Sci Total Environ %8 2017 Mar 31 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.185 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Applications of Passive Silicone Wristband Samplers: Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Childhood Pesticide Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Paul J Laurienti %A Kim A Anderson %B 72nd Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society Northwest Regional Meeting, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2017 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Applications of Passive Silicone Wristband Samplers: Childhood Para-Occupational Exposures to Pesticide Mixtures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Thomas A Arcury %A Sara A Quandt %A Paul J Laurienti %A Kim A Anderson %B 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science, Research Triangle Park, NC %8 10/2017 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Applications of Silicone Wristbands: Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Childhood Pesticide Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Paul J Laurienti %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University, Department of Toxicology 8th Annual Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2017 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day %C Corvallis, OR %8 01/2017 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2017 %T Assessing soil-air partitioning of PAHs and PCBs with a new fugacity passive sampler. %A Carey E Donald %A Kim A Anderson %X

Soil-air fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined using a novel application of passive samplers to measure air and soil air, which is air in close proximity and in equilibrium with soil. Existing methods to measure flux of semi-volatile compounds between soil and air require collecting samples from the top soil layer. Yet, the top soil layer is hard to define and oversampling may misrepresent the exchangeable fraction. Alternatively, modified active samplers can measure soil air in situ, but require electricity while deployed. We present a new method to measure time-weighted averages of soil air concentrations in situ using passive sampling and requiring no electricity: a box is placed over low-density polyethylene passive samplers deployed 1cm above the soil. Passive air samplers were also co-deployed 1.5m above the soil to measure ambient air concentrations in three U.S.

LOCATIONS: near a former PCB manufacturing facility in Anniston, Alabama; on a former creosoting and the current Wyckoff/Eagle Superfund site near Seattle, Washington; and near the site of a recent oil-train derailment and fire in Mosier, Oregon. Following n-hexane extraction, sampler extracts were analyzed for PAHs with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and PCBs with dual gas chromatography-electron capture detectors. PAHs were generally depositing at Anniston and Mosier sites, but volatilizing from soil in Wyckoff, the site with historically-contaminated soil. PCBs were detected most frequently at the Anniston site, although levels were lower than previous reports. Variability in concentration measurements was greater among soil air samplers than air samplers, likely due to soil heterogeneity. Environmental conditions under the novel soil air box did not substantially change soil-air partitioning behavior. This method of measuring soil air in situ will allow for understanding of source-sink dynamics at sites with recent and historical contamination, and where conventional sampling is challenging.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 596-597 %P 293-302 %8 2017 Oct 15 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.095 %0 Journal Article %J Annu Rev Public Health %D 2017 %T Assessing the Exposome with External Measures: Commentary on the State of the Science and Research Recommendations. %A Turner, Michelle C %A Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark %A Kim A Anderson %A Balshaw, David %A Cui, Yuxia %A Dunton, Genevieve %A Hoppin, Jane A %A Koutrakis, Petros %A Jerrett, Michael %X

The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information systems; remote sensing; global positioning system and geolocation technologies; portable and personal sensing, including smartphone-based sensors and assessments; and self-reported questionnaire assessments, which increasingly rely on Internet-based platforms. We also discuss priority research needs related to methodological and technological improvement, data analysis and interpretation, data sharing, and other practical considerations, including improved assessment of exposure variability as well as exposure in multiple, critical life stages.

%B Annu Rev Public Health %V 38 %P 215-239 %8 2017 Mar 20 %G eng %R 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012802 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Comparing chemical exposures across diverse communities using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Carey E Donald %A Alan J Bergmann %A Points, Gary L %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B 27th International Society of Exposure Science Annual Meeting. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina %8 10/2017 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2017 %T Comparing chemical exposures across diverse communities using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Carey E Donald %A Alan J Bergmann %A Points, Gary L %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B 27th International Society of Exposure Science Annual Meeting. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. %8 10/2017 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health %D 2017 %T Cross-sectional study of social behaviors in preschool children and exposure to flame retardants. %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A Megan McClelland %A MacDonald, Megan %A Cardenas, Andres %A Kim A Anderson %A Molly Kile %K Child, Preschool %K Environmental Exposure %K Environmental Pollutants %K Female %K Flame Retardants %K Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers %K Humans %K Male %K Organophosphates %K Social Behavior %X

BACKGROUND: Children are exposed to flame retardants from the built environment. Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE) and organophosphate-based flame retardants (OPFRs) are associated with poorer neurocognitive functioning in children. Less is known, however, about the association between these classes of compounds and children's emotional and social behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine if flame retardant exposure was associated with measurable differences in social behaviors among children ages 3-5 years.

METHODS: We examined teacher-rated social behaviors measured using the Social Skills Improvement Rating Scale (SSIS) and personal exposure to flame retardants in children aged 3-5 years who attended preschool (n = 72). Silicone passive samplers worn for 7 days were used to assess personal exposure to 41 compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer. These concentrations were then summed into total BDE and total OPFR exposure prior to natural log transformation. Separate generalized additive models were used to evaluate the relationship between seven subscales of the SSIS and lnΣBDE or lnΣOPFR adjusting for other age, sex, adverse social experiences, and family context.

RESULTS: All children were exposed to a mixture of flame retardant compounds. We observed a dose dependent relationship between lnΣOPFR and two subscales where children with higher exposures were rated by their preschool teachers as having less responsible behavior (p = 0.07) and more externalizing behavior problems (p = 0.03). Additionally, children with higher lnΣBDE exposure were rated by teachers as less assertive (p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS: We observed a cross-sectional association between children's exposure to flame retardant compounds and teacher-rated social behaviors among preschool-aged children. Children with higher flame retardant exposures exhibited poorer social skills in three domains that play an important role in a child's ability to succeed academically and socially.

%B Environ Health %V 16 %P 23 %8 2017 03 09 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12940-017-0224-6 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2017 %T Diffusive flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air interfaces at urban superfund sites. %A D James Minick %A Kim A Anderson %K Air %K Cities %K Geologic Sediments %K Hazardous Waste Sites %K Oregon %K Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons %K Rivers %K Water %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Superfund sites may be a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the surrounding environment. These sites can also act as PAH sinks from present-day anthropogenic activities, especially in urban locations. Understanding PAH transport across environmental compartments helps to define the relative contributions of these sources and is therefore important for informing remedial and management decisions. In the present study, paired passive samplers were co-deployed at sediment-water and water-air interfaces within the Portland Harbor Superfund Site and the McCormick and Baxter Superfund Site. These sites, located along the Willamette River (Portland, OR, USA), have PAH contamination from both legacy and modern sources. Diffusive flux calculations indicate that the Willamette River acts predominantly as a sink for low molecular weight PAHs from both the sediment and the air. The sediment was also predominantly a source of 4- and 5-ring PAHs to the river, and the river was a source of these same PAHs to the air, indicating that legacy pollution may be contributing to PAH exposure for residents of the Portland urban center. At the remediated McCormick and Baxter Superfund Site, flux measurements highlight locations within the sand and rock sediment cap where contaminant breakthrough is occurring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2281-2289. © 2017 SETAC.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %V 36 %P 2281-2289 %8 2017 09 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1002/etc.3785 %0 Generic %D 2017 %T Diffusive flux of PAHs across sediment-water and water-air interfaces at urban Superfund sites and economic Implications %A D James Minick %A Kim A Anderson %B American Chemical Socieity National Meeting %8 08/2017 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2017 %T Hazard assessment of a PAH Superfund mixture in the zebrafish developmental toxicity mode %A D James Minick %A Mitra Geier %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %X
%B Pacific Northwest Chapter of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 26th Annual Meeting %8 04/2017 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2017 %T Hazard assessment of a PAH Superfund mixture in the zebrafish developmental toxicity model %A D James Minick %A Mitra Geier %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %B Society of Toxicology 56th Annual Meeting %C Baltimore %8 03/2017 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2017 %T Leveraging passive sampling and unique equine population exposures to assess negative post-natal health outcomes %A Lane G Tidwell %E Carey E Donald %E Kathleen Mullen %E Kim A Anderson %X

In 2012 a high prevalence of neonatal foals born with neurological deficits (altered mentation and dysphagia) was observed at a farm located in Pennsylvania (PA) near a number of unconventional natural gas drilling (UNGD) sites.  The farm proprietor also owned another horse farm in New York (NY) that was not situated near UNGD sites. Newborn foals and mares on the NY farm did not exhibit similar health issues. Over the last 5 years the frequency of dysphagia in foals at the PA facility has increased from 25 to 92%.  From 2014 to 2016 passive sampling devices (PSDs) were deployed on brood mares at both farms continually, and PSDs were changed out every six weeks. PSDs were also deployed in the ambient air and in well water at each farm. . 

%B International Society of Exposure Science %8 10/2017 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2017 %T Multi-class chemical exposure in rural Peru using silicone wristbands. %A Alan J Bergmann %A Paula E North %A Vasquez, Luis %A Bello, Hernan %A Maria del Carmen Ruiz %A Kim A Anderson %X

Exposure monitoring with personal silicone wristband samplers was demonstrated in Peru in four agriculture and urban communities where logistic and practical constraints hinder use of more traditional approaches. Wristbands and associated methods enabled quantitation of 63 pesticides and screening for 1397 chemicals including environmental contaminants and personal care products. Sixty-eight wristbands were worn for approximately one month by volunteers from four communities of Alto Mayo, Peru. We identified 106 chemicals from eight chemical classes among all wristbands. Agricultural communities were characterized by pesticides and PAHs, while the urban communities had more personal care products present. Multiple linear regressions explained up to 40% of variance in wristbands from chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and DDT and its metabolites (DDx) (r(2)=0.39, 0.30, 0.40, respectively). All three pesticides were significantly different between communities, and cypermethrin and DDx were associated with participant age. The calculated relative age of DDT suggested some communities had more recent exposure than others. This work aids health research in the Alto Mayo and beyond by identifying typical mixtures and potential sources of exposure to organic chemicals in the personal environment. Silicone wristband sampling with chemical screening is a candidate for widespread use in exposure monitoring in remote areas.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 26 July 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.12.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2017 Jul 26 %G eng %R 10.1038/jes.2017.12 %0 Generic %D 2017 %T NORM 2017 Outstanding Poster Award %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Paul J Laurienti %A Kim A Anderson %B 72nd Annual Meeting of the ACS Northwest Regional Meeting (NORM): Innovation and Unanticipated Discoveries, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2017 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2017 %T A passive sampling model to predict PAH levels in butter clams, a traditional food source for Native American tribes of the Salish Sea Region %A D James Minick %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Program National Meeting %8 12/2017 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Mutat Res %D 2017 %T Personal samplers of bioavailable pesticides integrated with a hair follicle assay of DNA damage to assess environmental exposures and their associated risks in children. %A Vidi, Pierre-Alexandre %A Kim A Anderson %A Haiying Chen %A Rebecca Anderson %A Salvador-Moreno, Naike %A Mora, Dana C %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Paul J Laurienti %A Daniel, Stephanie S %A Thomas A Arcury %K Biological Availability %K Child %K Community-Based Participatory Research %K DNA Damage %K DNA Repair %K Environmental Exposure %K Hair Follicle %K Humans %K North Carolina %K Pesticides %K Risk Assessment %K Specimen Handling %X

Agriculture in the United States employs youth ages ten and older in work environments with high pesticide levels. Younger children in rural areas may also be affected by indirect pesticide exposures. The long-term effects of pesticides on health and development are difficult to assess and poorly understood. Yet, epidemiologic studies suggest associations with cancer as well as cognitive deficits. We report a practical and cost-effective approach to assess environmental pesticide exposures and their biological consequences in children. Our approach combines silicone wristband personal samplers and DNA damage quantification from hair follicles, and was tested as part of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project involving ten Latino children from farmworker households in North Carolina. Our study documents high acceptance among Latino children and their caregivers of these noninvasive sampling methods. The personal samplers detected organophosphates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids in the majority of the participants (70%, 90%, 80%, respectively). Pesticides were detected in all participant samplers, with an average of 6.2±2.4 detections/participant sampler. DNA damage in epithelial cells from the sheath and bulb of plucked hairs follicles was quantified by immunostaining 53BP1-labled DNA repair foci. This method is sensitive, as shown by dose response analyses to γ radiations where the lowest dose tested (0.1Gy) led to significant increased 53BP1 foci density. Immunolabeling of DNA repair foci has significant advantages over the comet assay in that specific regions of the follicles can be analyzed. In this cohort of child participants, significant association was found between the number of pesticide detections and DNA damage in the papilla region of the hairs. We anticipate that this monitoring approach of bioavailable pesticides and genotoxicity will enhance our knowledge of the biological effects of pesticides to guide education programs and safety policies.

%B Mutat Res %V 822 %P 27-33 %8 2017 Oct %G eng %R 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.07.003 %0 Journal Article %J J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %D 2017 %T Preparation and performance features of wristband samplers and considerations for chemical exposure assessment. %A Kim A Anderson %A Points, Gary L %A Carey E Donald %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Glenn R Wilson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Julie Herbstman %A Steven G O'Connell %X

Wristbands are increasingly used for assessing personal chemical exposures. Unlike some exposure assessment tools, guidelines for wristbands, such as preparation, applicable chemicals, and transport and storage logistics, are lacking. We tested the wristband's capacity to capture and retain 148 chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The chemicals span a wide range of physical-chemical properties, with log octanol-air partitioning coefficients from 2.1 to 13.7. All chemicals were quantitatively and precisely recovered from initial exposures, averaging 102% recovery with relative SD ≤21%. In simulated transport conditions at +30 °C, SVOCs were stable up to 1 month (average: 104%) and VOC levels were unchanged (average: 99%) for 7 days. During long-term storage at -20 °C up to 3 (VOCs) or 6 months (SVOCs), all chemical levels were stable from chemical degradation or diffusional losses, averaging 110%. Applying a paired wristband/active sampler study with human participants, the first estimates of wristband-air partitioning coefficients for PAHs are presented to aid in environmental air concentration estimates. Extrapolation of these stability results to other chemicals within the same physical-chemical parameters is expected to yield similar results. As we better define wristband characteristics, wristbands can be better integrated in exposure science and epidemiological studies.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 26 July 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.9.

%B J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol %8 2017 Jul 26 %G eng %R 10.1038/jes.2017.9 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Environmental Health %D 2017 %T Response, Recovery, and Resilience to Oil Spills and Environmental Disasters: Exploration and Use of Novel Approaches to Enhance Community Resilience %A Reams, Margaret %E Harding, Anna %E Subra, Wilma %E Lam, Nina %E Steven G O'Connell %E Kim A Anderson %B Journal of Environmental Health %V 80 %8 09/2017 %G eng %& 8 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2017 %T Using passive sampling and zebrafish to identify developmental toxicants in complex mixtures. %A Alan J Bergmann %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %X

Using effects-directed analysis, we investigated associations previously observed between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and embryotoxicity in field-deployed low-density polyethylene (LDPE). We conducted effects-directed analysis using a zebrafish embryo assay and iterative fractionation of extracts of LDPE that were deployed in the Portland Harbor superfund megasite, Oregon (USA). Whole extracts induced toxicity including mortality, edema, and notochord distortion at 20% effect concentration (EC20) values of approximately 100, 100, and 10 mg LDPE/mL, respectively. Through fractionation, we determined that PAHs at concentrations similar to previous research did not contribute markedly to toxicity. We also eliminated pesticides, phthalates, musks, and other substances identified in toxic fractions by testing surrogate mixtures. We identified free fatty acids as lethal components of LDPE extracts and confirmed their toxicity with authentic standards. We found chromatographic evidence that dithiocarbamates are responsible for notochord and other sublethal effects, although exact matches were not obtained. Fatty acids and dithiocarbamates were previously unrecorded components of LDPE extracts and likely contribute to the toxicity of the whole mixture. The present study demonstrates the success of effects-directed analysis in nontargeted hazard identification using the zebrafish embryo test as a self-contained battery of bioassays that allows identification of multiple chemicals with different modes of action. This is the first effects-directed analysis to combine LDPE and zebrafish, approaches that are widely applicable to identifying developmental hazards in the bioavailable fraction of hydrophobic organic compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;9999:1-9. © 2017 SETAC.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %8 2017 Mar 22 %G eng %R 10.1002/etc.3802 %0 Generic %D 2017 %T Youth Para-Occupational Exposures to Pesticide Mixtures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Paul J Laurienti %A Kim A Anderson %B Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship (FSES) External Advisory Council (EAC), Corvallis, OR %8 06/2017 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Adapting passive samplers to investigate PAH and PCB flux from soil to air %A Carey E Donald %A Kim A Anderson %B Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2016 Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA %8 11/2016 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Air-Water Exchange of PAHs and OPAHs at a Superfund Mega-site %A Lane G Tidwell %A LB Paulik %A Kim A Anderson %K PAH OPAH Flux HHRA %X

Abstract:

Chemical fate is a concern at environmentally contaminated sites, but characterizing that fate can be difficult. An important component of characterizing fate is identifying and quantifying the movement of chemicals at the air-water interface.  Superfund sites are often suspected sources of air pollution due to legacy sediment and water contamination. A quantitative assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and oxygenated PAH (OPAH) diffusive flux in a river system that contains a Superfund Mega-site, and passes through residential, urban and agricultural land, has not been reported before. Here, passive sampling devices (PSD) were used to measure 60 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) in the air and water. Human health risk associated with inhalation of vapor phase PAHs and dermal exposure to PAHs in water were assessed. Excess lifetime cancer risk estimates show potential increased risk at sites within and in close proximity to a Superfund Mega-site. Specifically, estimated excess lifetime cancer risk associated with inhaling PAHs was above 1 in 1 million within the Superfund Mega-site. We show the majority of PAHs and some OPAHs in the water are from airborne sources. The majority of PAHs detected in both environmental compartments, 16 out of 26, the direction of mass transfer at all five study sites was deposition. This suggests that the river water in this Superfund site is predominantly a sink for airborne PAHs and OPAHs, rather than a source.  

%B SETAC North America Orlando Florida %8 11/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Crop Science %D 2016 %T An alternative method to produce shikimic acid chemical feedstock by applying glyphosate to forage crops %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Rooney, Nathan %A Richard P Scott %A Kim A Anderson %B Crop Science %V TBD %8 11/2016 %G eng %N TBD %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Antonia M Calafat %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Assessing PAH exposures with multiple approaches including silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Richard P Scott %A Darrell Holmes %A Lehyla Calero %A Laurel D Kincl %A Katrina M Waters %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS 50th Anniversary FEST, Durham, North Carolina %8 2016 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Assessing soil-air partitioning of PAHs and PCBs at Superfund and environmental disaster sites with a new fugacity passive sampler %A Carey E Donald %A Kim A Anderson %B SRP Annual Meeting and NIEHS Fest %8 12/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T Completing the Link between Exposure Science and Toxicology for Improved Environmental Health Decision Making: The Aggregate Exposure Pathway Framework. %A JG Teeguarden %A Tan, Yu-Mei %A Edwards, Stephen W %A Leonard, Jeremy A %A Kim A Anderson %A Corley, Richard A %A Molly Kile %A Staci M Simonich %A Stone, David %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Katrina M Waters %A Harper, Stacey L %A Williams, David E %X

Driven by major scientific advances in analytical methods, biomonitoring, computation, and a newly articulated vision for a greater impact in public health, the field of exposure science is undergoing a rapid transition from a field of observation to a field of prediction. Deployment of an organizational and predictive framework for exposure science analogous to the "systems approaches" used in the biological sciences is a necessary step in this evolution. Here we propose the aggregate exposure pathway (AEP) concept as the natural and complementary companion in the exposure sciences to the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept in the toxicological sciences. Aggregate exposure pathways offer an intuitive framework to organize exposure data within individual units of prediction common to the field, setting the stage for exposure forecasting. Looking farther ahead, we envision direct linkages between aggregate exposure pathways and adverse outcome pathways, completing the source to outcome continuum for more meaningful integration of exposure assessment and hazard identification. Together, the two frameworks form and inform a decision-making framework with the flexibility for risk-based, hazard-based, or exposure-based decision making.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 4579-86 %8 05/2016 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1021/acs.est.5b05311 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Confirmation of Free Fatty Acids as Toxic Components of Passive Sampler Extracts from Portland Harbor %A Alan J Bergmann %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program External Advisory Council, Oregon State University %8 06/2016 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Confirmation of free fatty acids as toxic components of passive sampling device extracts from Portland Harbor %A Alan J Bergmann %E Robyn L Tanguay %E Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day. Corvallis, OR. %C Corvallis, OR. %8 01.22.2016 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Diffusive flux of PAHs across sediment, water, and air interfaces at urban Superfund Sites %A D James Minick %E Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS FEST %C Durham, NC %8 12/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Diffusive flux of PAHs across sediment, water, and air interfaces at urban Superfund Sites %A D James Minick %E Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 37th Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida %8 11/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Distribution of chemical exposures in rural Peru using silicone wristbands %A Alan J Bergmann %A Paula E North %A Vasquez, Luis %A Bello, Hernan %A Maria del Carmen Ruiz %A Kim A Anderson %B Environmental Health Sciences and Superfund Research Program Colloquium %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2016 %T Distribution of multi-class chemical exposure in rural Peru measured with silicone wristbands %A Alan J Bergmann %A Paula E North %A Vasquez, Luis %A Bello, Hernan %A Maria del Carmen Ruiz %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry %8 11/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Extraction into Air. %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %X

Natural gas extraction, often referred to as "fracking", has increased rapidly in the United States in recent years. To address potential health impacts, passive air samplers were deployed in a rural community heavily affected by the natural gas boom. Samplers were analyzed for 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were grouped based on distance from each sampler to the nearest active well. Levels of benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, and carcinogenic potency of PAH mixtures were highest when samplers were closest to active wells. PAH levels closest to natural gas activity were comparable to levels previously reported in rural areas in winter. Sourcing ratios indicated that PAHs were predominantly petrogenic, suggesting that PAH levels were influenced by direct releases from the earth. Quantitative human health risk assessment estimated the excess lifetime cancer risks associated with exposure to the measured PAHs. At sites closest to active wells, the risk estimated for maximum residential exposure was 0.04 in a million, which is below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acceptable risk level. Overall, risk estimates decreased 30% when comparing results from samplers closest to active wells to those farthest from them. This work suggests that natural gas extraction is contributing PAHs to the air, at levels that would not be expected to increase cancer risk.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 7921-9 %8 07/2016 %G eng %N 14 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b02762 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Empowering People: Personal Wristband Passive Sampling Nexus %A Kim A Anderson %B 2016 Environmental Health Summit: Community Engaged Research and Citizen Science %8 12/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes. %A Stephanie C Hammel %A Hoffman, Kate %A Webster, Thomas F %A Kim A Anderson %A Heather M Stapleton %X

Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are widely used as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in consumer products. With high detection in indoor environments and increasing toxicological evidence suggesting a potential for adverse health effects, there is a growing need for reliable exposure metrics to examine individual exposures to PFRs. Silicone wristbands have been used as passive air samplers for quantifying exposure in the general population and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we investigated the utility of silicone wristbands in measuring exposure and internal dose of PFRs through measurement of urinary metabolite concentrations. Wristbands were also compared to hand wipes as metrics of exposure. Participants wore wristbands for 5 consecutive days and collected first morning void urine samples on 3 alternating days. Urine samples were pooled across 3 days and analyzed for metabolites of the following PFRs: tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and monosubstituted isopropylated triaryl phosphate (mono-ITP). All four PFRs and their urinary metabolites were ubiquitously detected. Correlations between TDCIPP and TCIPP and their corresponding urinary metabolites were highly significant on the wristbands (rs = 0.5-0.65, p < 0.001), which suggest that wristbands can serve as strong predictors of cumulative, 5-day exposure and may be an improved metric compared to hand wipes.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 4483-91 %8 04/2016 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b00030 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Movement of PAHs emitted from natural gas extraction wells %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, The Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T PAH Accessibility in Particulate Matter from Road-Impacted Environments. %A Allan, Ian J %A Steven G O'Connell %A Meland, Sondre %A Bæk, Kine %A Grung, Merete %A Kim A Anderson %A Ranneklev, Sissel B %X

Snowmelt, surface runoff, or stormwater releases in urban environments can result in significant discharges of particulate matter-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into aquatic environments. Recently, more-specific activities such as road-tunnel washing have been identified as contributing to contaminant load to surface waters. However, knowledge of PAH accessibility in particulate matter (PM) of urban origin that may ultimately be released into urban surface waters is limited. In the present study, we evaluated the accessibility of PAHs associated with seven distinct (suspended) particulate matter samples collected from different urban sources. Laboratory-based infinite sink extractions with silicone rubber (SR) as the extractor phase demonstrated a similar pattern of PAH accessibility for most PM samples. Substantially higher accessible fractions were observed for the less-hydrophobic PAHs (between 40 and 80% of total concentrations) compared with those measured for the most-hydrophobic PAHs (<5% of total concentrations). When we focused on PAHs bound to PM from tunnel-wash waters, first-order desorption rates for PAHs with log Kow > 5.5 were found in line with those commonly found for slowly or very slowly desorbing sediment-associated contaminants. PAHs with log Kow < 5.5 were found at higher desorbing rates. The addition of detergents did not influence the extractability of lighter PAHs but increased desorption rates for the heavier PAHs, potentially contributing to increases in the toxicity of tunnel-wash waters when surfactants are used. The implications of total and accessible PAH concentrations measured in our urban PM samples are discussed in a context of management of PAH and PM emission to the surrounding aquatic environment. Although we only fully assessed PAHs in this work, further study should consider other contaminants such as OPAHs, which were also detected in all PM samples.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 07/2016 %G eng %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b00504 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2016 %T PAH and OPAH Flux during the Deepwater Horizon Incident. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure air vapor and water dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites prior to, during and after shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). Measurements were taken at each site over a 13 month period, and flux across the water-air boundary was determined. This is the first report of vapor phase and diffusive flux of both PAHs and OPAHs during the DWH. Vapor phase sum PAH and OPAH concentrations ranged between 6.6 and 210 ng/m(3) and 0.02 and 34 ng/m(3) respectively. PAH and OPAH concentrations in air exhibited different spatial and temporal trends than in water, and air-water flux of 13 individual PAHs was shown to be at least partially influenced by the DWH incident. The largest PAH volatilizations occurred at the sites in Alabama and Mississippi at nominal rates of 56 000 and 42 000 ng/m(2) day(-1) in the summer. Naphthalene was the PAH with the highest observed volatilization rate of 52 000 ng/m(2) day(-1) in June 2010. This work represents additional evidence of the DWH incident contributing to air contamination, and provides one of the first quantitative air-water chemical flux determinations with passive sampling technology.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 50 %P 7489-97 %8 07/2016 %G eng %N 14 %R 10.1021/acs.est.6b02784 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2016 %T Passive samplers accurately predict PAH levels in resident crayfish. %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %X

Contamination of resident aquatic organisms is a major concern for environmental risk assessors. However, collecting organisms to estimate risk is often prohibitively time and resource-intensive. Passive sampling accurately estimates resident organism contamination, and it saves time and resources. This study used low density polyethylene (LDPE) passive water samplers to predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Resident crayfish were collected at 5 sites within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite (PHSM) in the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon. LDPE deployment was spatially and temporally paired with crayfish collection. Crayfish visceral and tail tissue, as well as water-deployed LDPE, were extracted and analyzed for 62 PAHs using GC-MS/MS. Freely-dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of PAHs in water were calculated from concentrations in LDPE. Carcinogenic risks were estimated for all crayfish tissues, using benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations (BaPeq). ∑PAH were 5-20 times higher in viscera than in tails, and ∑BaPeq were 6-70 times higher in viscera than in tails. Eating only tail tissue of crayfish would therefore significantly reduce carcinogenic risk compared to also eating viscera. Additionally, PAH levels in crayfish were compared to levels in crayfish collected 10years earlier. PAH levels in crayfish were higher upriver of the PHSM and unchanged within the PHSM after the 10-year period. Finally, a linear regression model predicted levels of 34 PAHs in crayfish viscera with an associated R-squared value of 0.52 (and a correlation coefficient of 0.72), using only the Cfree PAHs in water. On average, the model predicted PAH concentrations in crayfish tissue within a factor of 2.4±1.8 of measured concentrations. This affirms that passive water sampling accurately estimates PAH contamination in crayfish. Furthermore, the strong predictive ability of this simple model suggests that it could be easily adapted to predict contamination in other shellfish of concern.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 544 %P 782-791 %8 02/2016 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.142 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Passive wristband samplers assess individual PAH exposure near natural gas extraction %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science 26th Annual Meeting, Utrecht, The Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Personal exposure to PAHs near natural gas extraction %A LB Paulik %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Diana Rohlman %A Smith BW %A Richard P Scott %A Laurel D Kincl %A Haynes EN %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 37th Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, United States %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Personal passive sampling in Peru: Distribution and sources of diverse chemicals measured with silicone wristbands %A Alan J Bergmann %A Paula E North %A Vasquez, Luis %A Bello, Hernan %A Maria del Carmen Ruiz %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Exposure Science %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Predicting PAH contamination in resident shellfish %A LB Paulik %A Smith BW %A Bergmann AJ %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A Teeguarden JG %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program External Advisory Council Meeting. Corvallis, Oregon %8 6/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Res Q Exerc Sport %D 2016 %T Relations of Preschoolers' Visual-Motor and Object Manipulation Skills With Executive Function and Social Behavior. %A MacDonald, Megan %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A Megan McClelland %A Duncan, Rob %A Becker, Derek %A Kim A Anderson %A Molly Kile %X

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to examine specific linkages between early visual-motor integration skills and executive function, as well as between early object manipulation skills and social behaviors in the classroom during the preschool year.

METHOD: Ninety-two children aged 3 to 5 years old (Mage = 4.31 years) were recruited to participate. Comprehensive measures of visual-motor integration skills, object manipulation skills, executive function, and social behaviors were administered in the fall and spring of the preschool year.

RESULTS: Our findings indicated that children who had better visual-motor integration skills in the fall had better executive function scores (B = 0.47 [0.20], p < .05, β = .27) in the spring of the preschool year after controlling for age, gender, Head Start status, and site location, but not after controlling for children's baseline levels of executive function. In addition, children who demonstrated better object manipulation skills in the fall showed significantly stronger social behavior in their classrooms (as rated by teachers) in the spring, including more self-control (B - 0.03 [0.00], p < .05, β = .40), more cooperation (B = 0.02 [0.01], p < .05, β = .28), and less externalizing/hyperactivity (B = - 0.02 [0.01], p < .05, β = - .28) after controlling for social behavior in the fall and other covariates.

CONCLUSION: Children's visual-motor integration and object manipulation skills in the fall have modest to moderate relations with executive function and social behaviors later in the preschool year. These findings have implications for early learning initiatives and school readiness.

%B Res Q Exerc Sport %V 87 %P 396-407 %8 12/2016 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1080/02701367.2016.1229862 %0 Journal Article %J R Soc Open Sci %D 2016 %T Silicone wristbands detect individuals' pesticide exposures in West Africa. %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %X

We detected between 2 and 10 pesticides per person with novel sampling devices worn by 35 participants who were actively engaged in farming in Diender, Senegal. Participants were recruited to wear silicone wristbands for each of two separate periods of up to 5 days. Pesticide exposure profiles were highly individualized with only limited associations with demographic data. Using a 63-pesticide dual-column gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) method, we detected pyrethoid insecticides most frequently, followed by organophosphate pesticides which have been linked to adverse health outcomes. This work provides the first report of individualized exposure profiles among smallholder farmers in West Africa, where logistical and practical constraints have prevented the use of more traditional approaches to exposure assessment in the past. The wristbands and associated analytical method enabled detection of a broad range of agricultural, domestic, legacy and current-use pesticides, including esfenvalerate, cypermethrin, lindane, DDT and chlorpyrifos. Participants reported the use of 13 pesticide active ingredients while wearing wristbands. All six of the pesticides that were both reportedly used and included in the analytical method were detected in at least one wristband. An additional 19 pesticide compounds were detected beyond those that were reported to be in use, highlighting the importance of measuring exposure in addition to collecting surveys and self-reported use records. The wristband method is a candidate for more widespread use in pesticide exposure and health monitoring, and in the development of evidence-based policies for human health protection in an area where food security concerns are likely to intensify agricultural production and pesticide use in the near future.

%B R Soc Open Sci %V 3 %P 160433 %8 08/2016 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1098/rsos.160433 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Silicone wristbands detect individuals' pesticide exposures in West Africa %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society for Exposure Science Annual Meeting, Utrecht, the Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Toxicity in zebrafish of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures exposed to terrestrially-appropriate UV-radiation. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2016 Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA %8 11/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Pollut Res Int %D 2016 %T Transport stability of pesticides and PAHs sequestered in polyethylene passive sampling devices. %A Carey E Donald %A Elie, Marc R %A Brian W Smith %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Research using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers has steadily increased over the past two decades. However, such research efforts remain hampered because of strict guidelines, requiring that these samplers be quickly transported in airtight metal or glass containers or foil wrapped on ice. We investigate the transport stability of model pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with varying physicochemical properties using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bags instead. Transport scenarios were simulated with transport times up to 14 days with temperatures ranging between -20 and 35 °C. Our findings show that concentrations of all model compounds examined were stable for all transport conditions tested, with mean recoveries ranging from 88 to 113 %. Furthermore, PTFE bags proved beneficial as reusable, lightweight, low-volume, low-cost alternatives to conventional containers. This documentation of stability will allow for more flexible transportation of LDPE passive samplers in an expanding range of research applications while maintaining experimental rigor.

%B Environ Sci Pollut Res Int %8 03/2016 %G eng %R 10.1007/s11356-016-6453-3 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2016 %T Using silicone wristbands to evaluate preschool children's exposure to flame retardants. %A Molly Kile %A Richard P Scott %A Steven G O'Connell %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A MacDonald, Megan %A Megan McClelland %A Kim A Anderson %X

Silicone wristbands can be used as passive sampling tools for measuring personal environmental exposure to organic compounds. Due to the lightweight and simple design, the wristband may be a useful technique for measuring children's exposure. In this study, we tested the stability of flame retardant compounds in silicone wristbands and developed an analytical approach for measuring 41 flame retardants in the silicone wristband in order to evaluate exposure to these compounds in preschool-aged children. To evaluate the robustness of using wristbands to measure flame retardants, we evaluated the stability of 3 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), and 2 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in wristbands over 84 days and did not find any evidence of significant loss over time at either 4 or -20°C (p>0.16). We recruited a cohort of 92 preschool aged children in Oregon to wear the wristband for 7 days in order to characterize children's acceptance of the technology, and to characterize their exposure to flame retardants. Seventy-seven parents returned the wristbands for analysis of 35 BDEs, 4 OPFRs, and 2 other brominated flame retardants although 5 were excluded from the exposure assessment due to protocol deviations (n=72). A total of 20 compounds were detected above the limit of quantitation, and 11 compounds including 4 OPFRs and 7 BDEs were detected in over 60% of the samples. Children's gender, age, race, recruitment site, and family context were not significantly associated with returning wristbands or compliance with protocols. Comparisons between flame retardant data and socio-demographic information revealed significant differences in total exposures to both ΣBDEs and ΣOPFRs based on age of house, vacuuming frequency, and family context. These results demonstrate that preschool children in Oregon are exposed to BDEs that are no longer being produced in the United States and to OPFRs that have been used as an alternative to polybrominated compounds. Silicone wristbands were well tolerated by young children and were useful for characterizing personal exposure to flame retardants that were not bound to particulate matter.

%B Environ Res %V 147 %P 365-72 %8 05/2016 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.034 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Air-water Exchange of PAH and OPAH Upstream,Within and Downstream of a Mega-Superfund Site %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Assessing Recovery, Transport, and Stability for Over 160 Compounds in Silicone Personal Passive Samplers %A Steven G O'Connell %A Points, Gary L %A Wilson, Madeline %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Assessment of PAH Contribution to Superfund Site Hazard Using a Representative PAH Mixture and a Zebrafish Developmental Toxicity Model %A D James Minick %A Mitra Geier %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Before and After Chemical Threats, Emerging Chemicals and Passive Sampling Technology %A Kim A Anderson %B AAAS Citizen Science Conference (inaugural). San Jose, CA %8 02/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Can passive sediment samplers predict clam contamination? %A LB Paulik %A Jamie Donatuto %A Christine Woodward %A Molly Kile %A Harding, A %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU Superfund Research Program Tribal-University Collaborations' Community Engagement Core Advisory Committee Meeting, Portland, OR %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Chemistry and chemical properties of crude oils and fuel products; chemical fate following a spill; sampling methods during an incident; examples from the BP Deepwater Horizon incident %A Kim A Anderson %B Crude by Rail Workshop. Portland, OR %8 06/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Justice %D 2015 %T A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health. %A Diana Rohlman %A Syron, Laura %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %A Scaffidi, Christopher %A Sudakin, Daniel %A Katrina M Waters %A Erin N Haynes %A Arkin, Lisa %A Feezel, Paul %A Laurel D Kincl %X

In west Eugene (Oregon), community research indicates residents are disproportionately exposed to industrial air pollution and exhibit increased asthma incidence. In Carroll County (Ohio), recent increases in unconventional natural gas drilling sparked air quality concerns. These community concerns led to the development of a prototype mobile device to measure personal chemical exposure, location, and respiratory function. Working directly with the environmental justice (EJ) communities, the prototype was developed to 1) meet the needs of the community and 2) evaluate the use in EJ communities. The prototype was evaluated in three community focus groups (n = 25) to obtain feedback on the prototype and feasibility study design to evaluate the efficacy of the device to address community concerns. Focus groups were recorded and qualitatively analyzed with discrete feedback tabulated for further refinement. The prototype was improved by community feedback resulting in eight alterations/additions to software and instructional materials. Overall, focus group participants were supportive of the device and believed it would be a useful environmental health tool. The use of focus groups ensured that community members were engaged in the research design and development of a novel environmental health tool. We found that community-based research strategies resulted in a refined device as well as relevant research questions, specific to the EJ community needs and concerns.

%B Environ Justice %V 8 %P 126-134 %8 2015 Aug 01 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1089/env.2015.0001 %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Contribution of PAHs to the teratogenicity of bioavailable superfund mixtures %A Alan J Bergmann %E Robyn L Tanguay %E Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Contribution of PAHs to the teratogenicity of bioavailable Superfund mixtures %A Alan J Bergmann %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Contribution of PAHs to the teratogenicity of bioavailable superfund mixtures %A Alan J Bergmann %E Robyn L Tanguay %E Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program's Environmental Health Science Trainee Colloquium %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Development of an online platform to promote environmental public health within citizen scientists %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Michael L Barton %A Josh A Willmarth %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Disasters and Emerging Environmental Threats %A Miller, A %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Lefthand-Begay, C %A O’Fallon, L %A Kwok, R %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Engaging rural citizen scientists to explore impacts of fracking on ambient air %A Diana Rohlman %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %A LB Paulik %A Feezel, P. %A Laurel D Kincl %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Engaging Rural Citizens to Answer Questions about Air Quality %A Diana Rohlman %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Elam, S. %A LB Paulik %B Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA %8 03/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Environmental Preparedness and Resilience Empowering People: Personal Wristband Sampling Nexus %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Josh A Willmarth %A Michael L Barton %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T EPREP: Environmental Preparedness and Resilience Empowering People %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Michael L Barton %A Josh A Willmarth %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %B 2015 Citizen Science Meeting. San Jose, CA %8 02/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2015 %T Impact of natural gas extraction on PAH levels in ambient air. %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %X

Natural gas extraction, often referred to as "fracking," has increased rapidly in the U.S. in recent years. To address potential health impacts, passive air samplers were deployed in a rural community heavily affected by the natural gas boom. Samplers were analyzed for 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were grouped based on distance from each sampler to the nearest active well. PAH levels were highest when samplers were closest to active wells. Additionally, PAH levels closest to natural gas activity were an order of magnitude higher than levels previously reported in rural areas. Sourcing ratios indicate that PAHs were predominantly petrogenic, suggesting that elevated PAH levels were influenced by direct releases from the earth. Quantitative human health risk assessment estimated the excess lifetime cancer risks associated with exposure to the measured PAHs. Closest to active wells, the risk estimated for maximum residential exposure was 2.9 in 10,000, which is above the U.S. EPA's acceptable risk level. Overall, risk estimates decreased 30% when comparing results from samplers closest to active wells to those farthest. This work suggests that natural gas extraction may be contributing significantly to PAHs in air, at levels that are relevant to human health.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 49 %P 5203-5210 %8 03/2015 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1021/es506095e %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Impact of natural gas extraction on PAH levels in ambient air %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC Europe 25th Annual Meeting, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain %8 05/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2015 %T In vivo contaminant partitioning to silicone implants: Implications for use in biomonitoring and body burden. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Susan Carozza %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Pennington %A Kim A Anderson %X

Silicone polymers are used for a wide array of applications from passive samplers in environmental studies, to implants used in human augmentation and reconstruction. If silicone sequesters toxicants throughout implantation, it may represent a history of exposure and potentially reduce the body burden of toxicants influencing the risk of adverse health outcomes such as breast cancer. Objectives of this research included identifying a wide variety of toxicants in human silicone implants, and measuring the in vivo absorption of contaminants into silicone and surrounding tissue in an animal model. In the first study, eight human breast implants were analyzed for over 1400 organic contaminants including consumer products, chemicals in commerce, and pesticides. A total of 14 compounds including pesticides such as trans-nonachlor (1.2-5.9ng/g) and p,p'-DDE (1.2-34ng/g) were identified in human implants, 13 of which have not been previously reported in silicone prostheses. In the second project, female ICR mice were implanted with silicone and dosed with p,p'-DDE and PCB118 by intraperitoneal injection. After nine days, silicone and adipose samples were collected, and all implants in dosed mice had p,p'-DDE and PCB118 present. Distribution ratios from silicone and surrounding tissue in mice compare well with similar studies, and were used to predict adipose concentrations in human tissue. Similarities between predicted and measured chemical concentrations in mice and humans suggest that silicone may be a reliable surrogate measure of persistent toxicants. More research is needed to identify the potential of silicone implants to refine the predictive quality of chemicals found in silicone implants.

%B Environ Int %V 85 %P 182-188 %8 9/2015 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.016 %0 Generic %D 2015 %T James and Mildred Oldfield/E.R. Jackman Team Award %A Kim A Anderson %X

The OSU Superfund Research Program team members, including Kim Anderson, were selected as the recipient of the 2015 James and Mildred Oldfield/E.R. Jackman Team Award.

%8 08/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Digital System Design (DSD), 2015 Euromicro Conference on %D 2015 %T Linking the Physical with the Perceptual: Health and Exposure Monitoring with Cyber-physical Questionnaires %A Scaffidi, Chris %A Laurel D Kincl %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %B Digital System Design (DSD), 2015 Euromicro Conference on %P 563-566 %8 08/2015 %G eng %R 10.1109 %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Chemical Exposure, Location and Respiratory Health Robustness and Comparisons with Conventional Technologies %A Kim A Anderson %A Holly Dixon %A Diana Rohlman %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Scaffidi, Chris %A Katrina M Waters %A Julie Herbstman %A Laurel D Kincl %B 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Exposure Science. Henderson, Nevada %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Chromatogr A %D 2015 %T Modified ion source triple quadrupole mass spectrometer gas chromatograph for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analyses. %A Kim A Anderson %A Szelewski, Michael J %A Glenn R Wilson %A Quimby, Bruce D %A Peter D Hoffman %X

We describe modified gas chromatography electron-impact/triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS/MS) utilizing a newly developed hydrogen-injected self-cleaning ion source and modified 9mm extractor lens. This instrument, with optimized parameters, achieves quantitative separation of 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Existing methods historically limited rigorous identification and quantification to a small subset, such as the 16 PAHs the US EPA has defined as priority pollutants. Without the critical source and extractor lens modifications, the off-the-shelf GC-EI/MS/MS system was unsuitable for complex PAH analysis. Separations were enhanced by increased gas flow, a complex GC temperature profile incorporating multiple isothermal periods, specific ramp rates, and a PAH-optimized column. Typical determinations with our refined GC-EI/MS/MS have a large linear range of 1-10,000pgμl(-1) and detection limits of <2pgμl(-1). Included in the 62 PAHs, multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode enabled GC-EI/MS/MS identification and quantitation of several constituents of the MW 302 PAH isomers. Using calibration standards, values determined were within 5% of true values over many months. Standard curve r(2) values were typically >0.998, exceptional for compounds which are archetypally difficult. With this method benzo[a]fluorene, benzo[b]fluorene, benzo[c]fluorene were fully separated as was benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[j]fluoranthene. Chrysene and triphenylene, were sufficiently separated to allow accurate quantitation. Mean limits of detection (LODs) across all PAHs were 1.02±0.84pgμl(-1) with indeno[1,2,3-c,d] pyrene having the lowest LOD at 0.26pgμl(-1) and only two analytes above 2.0pgμl(-1); acenaphthalene (2.33pgμl(-1)) and dibenzo[a,e]pyrene (6.44pgμl(-1)).

%B J Chromatogr A %V 1419 %P 89-98 %8 09/2015 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.054 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T The nexus of citizen science: Integrating community needs and interests %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Josh A Willmarth %A Michael L Barton %A Laurel D Kincl %B EHS Center Meeting. Tucson, AZ %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T PAHs standards, analytical methods and PAHs in air, water, and resident organisms %A Kim A Anderson %B Air Toxics Science Advisory Committee. Portland, OR %8 05/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Passive sampling in ambient and individuals' environments in rural Peru %A Alan J Bergmann %E Vasquez, Luis %E Paula E North %E Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Passive sampling in ambient and individuals' environments in rural Peru %A Alan J Bergmann %A Vasquez, Luis %A Paula E North %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Passive water sampling predicts PAH contamination in signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Passive wristband sampler technology used to build bridges: Three Pilot Studies %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %A Richard P Scott %A Steven G O'Connell %A Carey E Donald %A Molly Kile %A Shannon T Lipscomb %A MacDonald, Megan %A Megan McClelland %B EHSC National Mtg. Tucson, AZ %8 04/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2015 %T Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and Oxygenated PAH (OPAH) Air-Water Exchange during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure air vapor and water dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites prior to, during, and after shoreline oiling from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH). Measurements were taken at each site over a 13 month period, and flux across the water-air boundary was determined. This is the first report of vapor phase and flux of both PAHs and OPAHs during the DWH. Vapor phase sum PAH and OPAH concentrations ranged between 1 and 24 ng/m(3) and 0.3 and 27 ng/m(3), respectively. PAH and OPAH concentrations in air exhibited different spatial and temporal trends than in water, and air-water flux of 13 individual PAHs were strongly associated with the DWH incident. The largest PAH volatilizations occurred at the sites in Alabama and Mississippi in the summer, each nominally 10 000 ng/m(2)/day. Acenaphthene was the PAH with the highest observed volatilization rate of 6800 ng/m(2)/day in September 2010. This work represents additional evidence of the DWH incident contributing to air contamination, and provides one of the first quantitative air-water chemical flux determinations with passive sampling technology.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 49 %P 141-9 %8 1/2015 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1021/es503827y %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Predicting PAH Contamination in Resident Shellfish %A LB Paulik %A Brian W Smith %A Alan J Bergmann %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A JG Teeguarden %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program’s Environmental Health Science Trainee Colloquium. Corvallis, OR %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Rapid GC-ECD method for quantitative analysis of 63 pesticides optimized for use with silicone wristbands and low density polyethylene. %A Richard P Scott %A Carey E Donald %A Alan J Bergmann %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Sampler technology assessing chemical exposures examples prior during and after environmental disasters %A Kim A Anderson %B Living on the Edge Conference 2015 - Managing Change through Innovation. Galveston, Texas %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Silicone wristbands detect an individual's pesticide exposures in Africa %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Silicone wristbands to monitor personal occupational exposure to chemicals %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS sponsored Worker Training Program Awardee Meeting and Workshop, by invitation. Portland, OR %8 02/2015 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Transforming Epidemiological Studies: Using Passive Wristband Samplers to Measure Environmental Contaminant Exposure %A Holly Dixon %A Laurel D Kincl %A David Camann %A Julie Herbstman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T UV-induced degradation of complex polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures under accurately emulated terrestrial conditions. %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 11/2015 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T What’s in the air? Using passive sampling to study fracking %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day 2015 %8 01/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Pollut %D 2014 %T Bioaccessibility of metals in alloys: evaluation of three surrogate biofluids. %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Kim A Anderson %K Alloys %K Body Fluids %K Hazardous Substances %K Humans %K Metals %K Models, Biological %K Models, Chemical %K Solubility %X

Bioaccessibility in vitro tests measure the solubility of materials in surrogate biofluids. However, the lack of uniform methods and the effects of variable test parameters on material solubility limit interpretation. One aim of this study was to measure and compare bioaccessibility of selected economically important alloys and metals in surrogate physiologically based biofluids representing oral, inhalation and dermal exposures. A second aim was to experimentally test different biofluid formulations and residence times in vitro. A third aim was evaluation of dissolution behavior of alloys with in vitro lung and dermal biofluid surrogates. This study evaluated the bioaccessibility of sixteen elements in six alloys and 3 elemental/metal powders. We found that the alloys/metals, the chemical properties of the surrogate fluid, and residence time all had major impacts on metal solubility. The large variability of bioaccessibility indicates the relevancy of assessing alloys as toxicologically distinct relative to individual metals.

%B Environ Pollut %V 185 %P 52-8 %8 02/2014 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212234?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.006 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Bridging bioavailable extracts and developing zebrafish to identify toxicants of concern %A Alan J Bergmann %A Carey E Donald %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 34th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Bridging superfund site based bioavailable extracts with biology %A Alan J Bergmann %A Carey E Donald %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU SRP External Advisory Meeting 2014 %8 06/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T A Community-Based Approach to Environmental Health: Developing Novel Technologies to Evaluate Air Quality and Respiratory Health %A Diana Rohlman %A Kim A Anderson %A Arkin, L %A Laurel D Kincl %B Oregon Public Health Association Conference. Corvallis, OR %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T A Community-based EHSC Pilot Project: Using focus group methodology to improve the mobile exposure device %A Diana Rohlman %A Arkin, L %A Kim A Anderson %A Laurel D Kincl %B Environmental Health Sciences Center Poster Session. Corvallis, OR %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Community-based EHSC Pilot Projects: Utilizing interdisciplinary approaches and community involvement to address environmental health concerns %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %B Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day. Corvallis, OR %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T A Community-Based, Inter-University Collaboration: Using Focus Group Methodology within Environmental Justice Communities to Design and Test a Mobile Exposure Device %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Elam, S. %B EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Component-based analysis of OPAH interaction effects in zebrafish %A Carey E Donald %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Brian W Smith %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 35th Annual Meeting %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with zebrafish toxicity of Deepwater Horizon samples: a bottom-up approach %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Detecting, Assessing, and Improving Understanding of Environmental Health Risks though Citizen Scientists and Passive Sampling Technologies %A Kim A Anderson %B National Academy of Sciences sponsored, Community Resilience and Health Opportunity Analysis Workshop. New Orleans, LA %8 09/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Evolution of a robust tribal-university research partnership to investigate tribal exposures and build scientific capacity %A Diana Rohlman %A Harper, Barbara %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Staci M Simonich %B Oral presentation at the 6th Annual Northwest Environmental Health Conference, Portland, OR %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Evolution of a robust tribal-university research partnership to investigate tribal exposures and build scientific capacity %A Diana Rohlman %A Harper, Barbara %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Staci M Simonich %B Oral presentation at the Contemporary Northwest Tribal Health Conference, Portland, OR %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Exposure Assessment Monitoring Tools Panel: Passive Wristband Samplers %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %B EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Fractionation of passive sampling device extracts explores contribution of PAHs to zebrafish toxicity %A Alan J Bergmann %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT 2014 Research Day %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Impact of Unconventional Natural Gas Drilling on Air Quality in Easter Ohio: A Collaborative Supplement between the University of Cincinnati and Oregon State University %A Erin N Haynes %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %A Diana Rohlman %A Elam, S. %A Feezel, P. %A Kuhnell, P. %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Lane G Tidwell %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Alden, J. %A Brown, D. %B EHS Center Meeting. Los Angeles, CA. %8 04/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Pollut %D 2014 %T Improvements in pollutant monitoring: Optimizing silicone for co-deployment with polyethylene passive sampling devices. %A Steven G O'Connell %A McCartney, Melissa A %A LB Paulik %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %X

Sequestering semi-polar compounds can be difficult with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), but those pollutants may be more efficiently absorbed using silicone. In this work, optimized methods for cleaning, infusing reference standards, and polymer extraction are reported along with field comparisons of several silicone materials for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides. In a final field demonstration, the most optimal silicone material is coupled with LDPE in a large-scale study to examine PAHs in addition to oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) at a Superfund site. OPAHs exemplify a sensitive range of chemical properties to compare polymers (log Kow 0.2-5.3), and transformation products of commonly studied parent PAHs. On average, while polymer concentrations differed nearly 7-fold, water-calculated values were more similar (about 3.5-fold or less) for both PAHs (17) and OPAHs (7). Individual water concentrations of OPAHs differed dramatically between silicone and LDPE, highlighting the advantages of choosing appropriate polymers and optimized methods for pollutant monitoring.

%B Environ Pollut %V 193C %P 71-78 %8 07/2014 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25009960?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.019 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Improving techniques for estimating butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea) contamination in the Salish Sea %A LB Paulik %A Diana Rohlman %A Jamie Donatuto %A Christine Woodward %A Molly Kile %A Kim A Anderson %A Harding, Anna %B Samish Indian Nation Department of Natural Resources-Fidalgo Bay Science Conference, Anacortes, WA %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Inter-Laboratory Validation of Bioaccessibility Test for Metals %A Henderson, R %A Verougstraete, V %A Kim A Anderson %A Arbildua, J.J. %A Brock, T.O. %A Brouwers, T. %A Cappellini, D %A Delbeke, K. %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Regul Toxicol Pharmacol %D 2014 %T Inter-laboratory validation of bioaccessibility testing for metals. %A Henderson, Rayetta G %A Verougstraete, Violaine %A Kim A Anderson %A Arbildua, José J %A Brock, Thomas O %A Brouwers, Tony %A Cappellini, Danielle %A Delbeke, Katrien %A Herting, Gunilla %A Hixon, Greg %A Odnevall Wallinder, Inger %A Rodriguez, Patricio H %A Van Assche, Frank %A Wilrich, Peter %A Oller, Adriana R %X

Bioelution assays are fast, simple alternatives to in vivo testing. In this study, the intra- and inter-laboratory variability in bioaccessibility data generated by bioelution tests were evaluated in synthetic fluids relevant to oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure. Using one defined protocol, five laboratories measured metal release from cobalt oxide, cobalt powder, copper concentrate, Inconel alloy, leaded brass alloy, and nickel sulfate hexahydrate. Standard deviations of repeatability (sr) and reproducibility (sR) were used to evaluate the intra- and inter-laboratory variability, respectively. Examination of the sR:sr ratios demonstrated that, while gastric and lysosomal fluids had reasonably good reproducibility, other fluids did not show as good concordance between laboratories. Relative standard deviation (RSD) analysis showed more favorable reproducibility outcomes for some data sets; overall results varied more between- than within-laboratories. RSD analysis of sr showed good within-laboratory variability for all conditions except some metals in interstitial fluid. In general, these findings indicate that absolute bioaccessibility results in some biological fluids may vary between different laboratories. However, for most applications, measures of relative bioaccessibility are needed, diminishing the requirement for high inter-laboratory reproducibility in absolute metal releases. The inter-laboratory exercise suggests that the degrees of freedom within the protocol need to be addressed.

%B Regul Toxicol Pharmacol %V 70 %P 170-81 %8 10/2014 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.021 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Invited speaker %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS sponsored Exposure Science in 21st Century Citizen Science Workshop. North Carolina %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T The Mobile Exposure Device: a Personal Sampling Nexus for Exposure Monitoring %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Richard P Scott %A Diana Rohlman %A Laurel D Kincl %A Scaffidi, Chris %A Elena S Peterson %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Epidemiological studies linking environmental exposures to health outcomes have been criticized for the lack of personal exposure data. The mobile exposure device (MED) is integrated personal environmental exposure tools coupled with software which links health data to location and chemical exposure. The MED combines a wristband passive sampling device with a smart phone application and biometric equipment providing a holistic tool to capture uniquely linked environmental-health information.  Silicone passive sampling wristbands sequester organic compounds while a cell phone application captures geographic location of study participants. Users were prompted to test lung function with a spirometer three times daily to identify variation in lung function throughout a typical daily routine.  Wristbands were worn daily then mailed to the laboratory, extracted, and analyzed for over 1,200 organic compounds including PAHs, OPAHs, PCBs, pesticides, flame retardants and industrial chemicals. Data is transmitted securely from a laboratory information management system and the smart phone app to a secure server through web services and integrated in order to discover statistical relationships among air pollutants, locations, and lung function. The MED was developed and tested in two different exposure scenarios, one community in Oregon with proximity to intense industrial activity, and another community in Ohio near unconventional natural gas drilling operations. Focus group meetings were employed in both communities to further enhance and optimize the MED. Early beta testing resulted in a daily accumulation of over 600,000 data points including geographic location, lung function, and chemical observations for each participant. The MED coupled with data integration and visualization techniques will enable researchers  to gain new insights and investigate new connections, while allowing communities to see their data in more intuitive ways.

%B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 34th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Optimizing silicone for co-deployment with low-denisty polyethylene passive sampling %A Steven G O'Connell %A McCartney, Melissa A %A LB Paulik %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B 35th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T PAH and OPAH air-water flux and toxicity before, during and after shoreline oiling from the DWH Incident %A Lane G Tidwell %E Kim A Anderson %X

Passive sampling devices were used to measure the air vapor phase and water dissolved phase at four Gulf of Mexico coastal sites. Sampling occurred prior to, during and after shoreline oiling concurrent with the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.  Measurements of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) were taken across all time points and sites, and flux across the water/air boundary was determined.  While aqueous PAH concentrations have been previously reported, all air concentrations are some of the first to represent both vapor phase PAHs and OPAHs during the Deepwater Horizon incident.  The largest vapor phase Σ33airPAH concentrations in air were 24.1ng/m3 in Gulfport, MS during May 2010 and 22.7ng/m3 in Grand Isle, LA during June of the same year. The largest Σ22OPAH vapor phase concentrations in air were 26.6ng/m3 in Gulf Breeze, Florida during May 2010 and 20.6 in Gulfport, MS in May 2010.  Concentrations in May represented air data prior to shoreline oiling. The direction and magnitude of the time-integrated air-water exchange of 13 individual PAHs were strongly influenced by the Deepwater Horizon oil incident.  The largest Σ13 PAH volatilization was 11,200 ng/m2/day and occurred in Gulf Shores, AL in September 2010, with the largest individual PAH volatilization to air was acenapthene at a rate of 6,820ng/m2/day during the same deployment.  This work represent additional evidence of contamination during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, but provides one of the first examples of flux determination with passive sampling data. In addition to impacting marine waters, the introduction of this volume of oil into this ecosystem combined with the combustion of this material had quantifiable impacts on Gulf of Mexico air chemistry and quality.

 

%B Superfund EAC %8 05/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Passive samplers used in aquatic environments %A Kim A Anderson %B US EPA sponsored State Risk Assessors (represents 48 states) %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2014 %T Passive sampling coupled to ultraviolet irradiation: a useful analytical approach for studying oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in bioavailable mixtures. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %X

The authors investigated coupling passive sampling technologies with ultraviolet irradiation experiments to study polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and oxygenated PAH transformation processes in real-world bioavailable mixtures. Passive sampling device (PSD) extracts were obtained from coastal waters impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and Superfund sites in Portland, Oregon, USA. Oxygenated PAHs were found in the contaminated waters with our PSDs. All mixtures were subsequently exposed to a mild dose of ultraviolet B (UVB). A reduction in PAH levels and simultaneous formation of several oxygenated PAHs were measured. Site-specific differences were observed with UVB-exposed PSD mixtures.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %V 33 %P 177-81 %8 01/2014 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24123227?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/etc.2410 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Passive Sampling Devices Enable Capacity Building and Characterization of Bioavailable Mixtures along the Niger, Senegal and Bani Rivers of Africa %A Kim A Anderson %A Seck, Dogo %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Traore, AN %A McCartney, Melissa A %A Ndaye, A %A Norman D Forsberg %A Gregory J Sower %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci %D 2014 %T Passive sampling devices enable capacity building and characterization of bioavailable pesticide along the Niger, Senegal and Bani Rivers of Africa. %A Kim A Anderson %A Seck, Dogo %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Traore, Anna Ndiaye %A McCartney, Melissa A %A Ndaye, Adama %A Norman D Forsberg %A Gregory J Sower %X

It is difficult to assess pollution in remote areas of less-developed regions owing to the limited availability of energy, equipment, technology, trained personnel and other key resources. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) are technologically simple analytical tools that sequester and concentrate bioavailable organic contaminants from the environment. Scientists from Oregon State University and the Centre Régional de Recherches en Ecotoxicologie et de Sécurité Environnementale (CERES) in Senegal developed a partnership to build capacity at CERES and to develop a pesticide-monitoring project using PSDs. This engagement resulted in the development of a dynamic training process applicable to capacity-building programmes. The project culminated in a field and laboratory study where paired PSD samples were simultaneously analysed in African and US laboratories with quality control evaluation and traceability. The joint study included sampling from 63 sites across six western African countries, generating a 9000 data point pesticide database with virtual access to all study participants.

%B Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci %V 369 %P 20130110 %8 04/2014 %G eng %N 1639 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24535398?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1098/rstb.2013.0110 %0 Journal Article %J Integr Environ Assess Manag %D 2014 %T Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Risk assessment and management. %A Greenberg, Marc S %A Chapman, Peter M %A Allan, Ian J %A Kim A Anderson %A Apitz, Sabine E %A Beegan, Chris %A Bridges, Todd S %A Brown, Steve S %A Cargill, John G %A McCulloch, Megan C %A Menzie, Charles A %A Shine, James P %A Parkerton, Thomas F %X

This paper details how activity-based passive sampling methods (PSMs), which provide information on bioavailability in terms of freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree ), can be used to better inform risk management decision making at multiple points in the process of assessing and managing contaminated sediment sites. PSMs can increase certainty in site investigation and management, because Cfree is a better predictor of bioavailability than total bulk sediment concentration (Ctotal ) for 4 key endpoints included in conceptual site models (benthic organism toxicity, bioaccumulation, sediment flux, and water column exposures). The use of passive sampling devices (PSDs) presents challenges with respect to representative sampling for estimating average concentrations and other metrics relevant for exposure and risk assessment. These challenges can be addressed by designing studies that account for sources of variation associated with PSMs and considering appropriate spatial scales to meet study objectives. Possible applications of PSMs include: quantifying spatial and temporal trends in bioavailable contaminants, identifying and evaluating contaminant source contributions, calibrating site-specific models, and, improving weight-of-evidence based decision frameworks. PSM data can be used to assist in delineating sediment management zones based on likelihood of exposure effects, monitor remedy effectiveness, and, evaluate risk reduction after sediment treatment, disposal, or beneficial reuse after management actions. Examples are provided illustrating why PSMs and freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree ) should be incorporated into contaminated sediment investigations and study designs to better focus on and understand contaminant bioavailability, more accurately estimate exposure to sediment-associated contaminants, and better inform risk management decisions. Research and communication needs for encouraging broader use are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:224-236. © 2014 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

%B Integr Environ Assess Manag %V 10 %P 224-36 %8 04/2014 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343931?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/ieam.1511 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Predicting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in resident aquatic organisms using passive samplers and partial least-squares calibration. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Brian W Smith %A Gregory J Sower %A Kim A Anderson %X

The current work sought to develop predictive models between time-weighted average polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in the freely dissolved phase and those present in resident aquatic organisms. We deployed semipermeable membrane passive sampling devices (SPMDs) and collected resident crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) at nine locations within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Mega-site in Portland, OR. Study results show that crayfish and aqueous phase samples collected within the Mega-site had PAH profiles enriched in high molecular weight PAHs and that freely dissolved PAH profiles tended to be more populated by low molecular weight PAHs compared to crayfish tissues. Results also show that of several modeling approaches, a two-factor partial least-squares (PLS) calibration model using detection limit substitution provided the best predictive power for estimating PAH concentrations in crayfish, where the model explained ≥72% of the variation in the data set and provided predictions within ∼3× of measured values. Importantly, PLS calibration provided a means to estimate PAH concentrations in tissues when concentrations were below detection in the freely dissolved phase. The impact of measurements below detection limits is discussed.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 48 %P 6291-9 %8 6/2014 %G eng %N 11 %R 10.1021/es5000534 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Reporting air quality data to a rural Appalachian community concerned about unconventional natural gas drilling %A Diana Rohlman %A Elam, S. %A LB Paulik %A Kim A Anderson %A Erin N Haynes %A Laurel D Kincl %B Partnerships for Environmental Public Health Meeting. Research Triangle Park, NC %8 09/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Response to comment on "Silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers". %A Steven G O'Connell %A Susan Carozza %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Kim A Anderson %K Environmental Monitoring %K Environmental Pollutants %K Humans %K Occupational Exposure %K Silicones %B Environ Sci Technol %V 48 %P 8927 %8 08/2014 %G eng %N 15 %R 10.1021/es503177x %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Silicone Wristbands as Personal Passive Samplers %A Kim A Anderson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Laurel D Kincl %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2014 %T Silicone Wristbands as Personal Passive Samplers. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Laurel D Kincl %A Kim A Anderson %X

Active-sampling approaches are commonly used for personal monitoring, but are limited by energy usage and data that may not represent an individual's exposure or bioavailable concentrations. Current passive techniques often involve extensive preparation, or are developed for only a small number of targeted compounds. In this work, we present a novel application for measuring bioavailable exposure with silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers. Laboratory methodology affecting pre-cleaning, infusion, and extraction were developed from commercially available silicone, and chromatographic background interference was reduced after solvent cleanup with good extraction efficiency (>96%). After finalizing laboratory methods, 49 compounds were sequestered during an ambient deployment which encompassed a diverse set of compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), consumer products, personal care products, pesticides, phthalates, and other industrial compounds ranging in log Kow from -0.07 (caffeine) to 9.49 (tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate). In two hot asphalt occupational settings, silicone personal samplers sequestered 25 PAHs during 8- and 40-hour exposures, as well as 2 oxygenated-PAHs (benzofluorenone and fluorenone) suggesting temporal sensitivity over a single work day or week (p<0.05, power = 0.85). Additionally, the amount of PAH sequestered differed between worksites (p<0.05, power = 0.99), suggesting spatial sensitivity using this novel application.

%B Environ Sci Technol %8 02/2014 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24548134?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/es405022f %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Stainless Steel Leaches Nickel and Chromium into Foods During Cooking. %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Toxicology 53rd Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ %8 03/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Teratogenicity of PAHs from Portland Harbor? Effects-directed analysis with passive sampling and developing zebrafish %A Alan J Bergmann %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU SRP Trainee Colloquium %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T Unregulated PAHs in crayfish and passive sampling devices: Increased cancer risk estimates? %A LB Paulik %A Norman D Forsberg %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B OSU Dept. of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Using silicone as biomonitors of exposure and potential body burden sinks for lipophilic toxicants. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Jamie Pennington %A Diana Rohlman %A Nancy I Kerkvliet %A Susan Carozza %A Kim A Anderson %K Humans %K implant %K Mice %K silicone %B 35th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Vancouver, BC Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Using silicone wristbands as personal monitoring devices. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kim A Anderson %B Northwest Occupational Health Conference Annual Conference, Richland, WA %8 10/2014 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2014 %T What's in the air? Using passive sampling to study fracking %A LB Paulik %A Carey E Donald %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Laurel D Kincl %A Erin N Haynes %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 34th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada %C Vancouver, BC, Canada %8 11/2014 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Air – Water Exchange of PAH during the DWH Incident %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Corvallis Oregon %8 09/2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2013 %T An analytical investigation of 24 oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) using liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %X

We developed two independent approaches for separation and quantitation of 24 oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) using both liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-APCI/MS) and gas chromatography-electron impact/mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS). Building on previous OPAH research, we examined laboratory stability of OPAHs, improved existing method parameters, and compared quantification strategies using standard addition and an internal standard on an environmental sample. Of 24 OPAHs targeted in this research, 19 compounds are shared between methods, with 3 uniquely quantitated by GC-EI/MS and 2 by LC-APCI/MS. Using calibration standards, all GC-EI/MS OPAHs were within 15 % of the true value and had less than 15 % relative standard deviations (RSDs) for interday variability. Similarly, all LC-APCI/MS OPAHs were within 20 % of the true value and had less than 15 % RSDs for interday variability. Instrument limits of detection ranged from 0.18 to 36 ng mL(-1) on the GC-EI/MS and 2.6 to 26 ng mL(-1) on the LC-APCI/MS. Four standard reference materials were analyzed with each method, and we report some compounds not previously published in these materials, such as perinaphthenone and xanthone. Finally, an environmental passive sampling extract from Portland Harbor Superfund, OR was analyzed by each method using both internal standard and standard addition to compensate for potential matrix effects. Internal standard quantitation resulted in increased precision with similar accuracy to standard addition for most OPAHs using 2-fluoro-fluorenone-(13)C as an internal standard. Overall, this work improves upon OPAH analytical methods and provides some considerations and strategies for OPAHs as focus continues to expand on this emerging chemical class.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %V 405 %P 8885-96 %8 11/2013 %G eng %N 27 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005604?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s00216-013-7319-x %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Characterization of the relationship between concentrations of previously unregulated PAHs in aquatic organisms and lipid-free tubing passive sampling devices %A LB Paulik %A Norman D Forsberg %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Corvallis, OR %8 09/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Characterization of the relationship between concentrations of previously unregulated PAHs in aquatic organisms and lipid-free tubing passive sampling devices %A LB Paulik %A Norman D Forsberg %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Council Meeting, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2013 %T Comparative developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant oxygenated PAHs. %A Knecht, Andrea L %A Goodale, Britton C %A Truong, Lisa %A Simonich, Michael T %A Swanson, Annika J %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Abnormalities, Drug-Induced %K Animals %K Biological Markers %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Environmental Pollutants %K Extracellular Space %K Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental %K Immunohistochemistry %K Mitochondria %K Oxidation-Reduction %K Oxidative Stress %K Oxygen Consumption %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction %K RNA %K Teratogens %K Zebrafish %X

Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) are byproducts of combustion and photo-oxidation of parent PAHs. OPAHs are widely present in the environment and pose an unknown hazard to human health. The developing zebrafish was used to evaluate a structurally diverse set of 38 OPAHs for malformation induction, gene expression changes and mitochondrial function. Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 120h post fertilization (hpf) to a dilution series of 38 different OPAHs and evaluated for 22 developmental endpoints. AHR activation was determined via CYP1A immunohistochemistry. Phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PHEQ), 1,9-benz-10-anthrone (BEZO), xanthone (XAN), benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione (7,12-B[a]AQ), and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-ANTQ) were evaluated for transcriptional responses at 48hpf, prior to the onset of malformations. qRT-PCR was conducted for a number of oxidative stress genes, including the glutathione transferase(gst), glutathione peroxidase(gpx), and superoxide dismutase(sod) families. Bioenergetics was assayed to measure in vivo oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in 26hpf embryos exposed to OPAHs. Hierarchical clustering of the structure-activity outcomes indicated that the most toxic of the OPAHs contained adjacent diones on 6-carbon moieties or terminal, para-diones on multi-ring structures. 5-carbon moieties with adjacent diones were among the least toxic OPAHs while the toxicity of multi-ring structures with more centralized para-diones varied considerably. 9,10-PHEQ, BEZO, 7,12-B[a]AQ, and XAN exposures increased expression of several oxidative stress related genes and decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a measurement of mitochondrial respiration. Comprehensive in vivo characterization of 38 structurally diverse OPAHs indicated differential AHR dependency and a prominent role for oxidative stress in the toxicity mechanisms.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 271 %P 266-75 %8 11/2013 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684558?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.006 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with embryonic zebrafish toxicity of Gulf of Mexico samples around the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a bottom-up approach. %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Advisory Council Meeting %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with zebrafish toxicity of Deepwater Horizon samples: a bottom-up approach %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America National Meeting, Nashville, TN %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with zebrafish toxicity of Gulf of Mexico samples around the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a bottom-up approach %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES Advisory Council, Corvallis, OR %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Correlating OPAH concentrations with zebrafish toxicity of Gulf of Mexico samples around the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a bottom-up approach %A Carey E Donald %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Corvallis, OR %8 09/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Exchange of PAHs and OPAHs Accross the Air-Water Boundry during the DWH Oil Spill %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 34th Annual Conference, Nashville, TN, USA. %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Fractionation of passive sampling device extracts explores contribution of PAHs to zebrafish toxicity %A Alan J Bergmann %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC NA, Nashville TN %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Fractionation of passive sampling device extracts explores contribution of PAHs to zebrafish toxicity %A Alan J Bergmann %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Meeting %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Fractionation of passive sampling device extracts explores contribution of PAHs to zebrafish toxicity %A Alan J Bergmann %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds %8 09/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Integrating passive sampling with UV irradiation and bioassays: an approach for modeling PAH degradation and phototoxicity in bioavailable mixtures %A Elie, Marc R %A Norman D Forsberg %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B 34th Annual SETAC Meeting %8 2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Novel Technologies for OPAH and PAH Identification in Personal and Environmental Complex Mixtures %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Sarah E Allan %A LB Paulik %A Kim A Anderson %B 11th International Conference on Environmental Mutagens, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Passive Sampling and Online Systems Offer Citizen Scientists the Ability to Monitor Their Exposure in the Event of a Disaster %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Elena S Peterson %A Michael L Barton %A Josh A Willmarth %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 34th Annual Conference, Nashville, TN, USA %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Passive Sampling Capacity Building with the K.C. Donnelly Externship %A Steven G O'Connell %A Lane G Tidwell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B 26th Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting, Baton Rouge LA %8 10/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Passive sampling coupled to UVB irradiation: a useful analytical approach for modeling toxic oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in bioavailable mixtures %A Elie, Marc R %A Norman D Forsberg %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B 246th ACS National Meeting %8 2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2013 %T Stainless steel leaches nickel and chromium into foods during cooking. %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %X

Toxicological studies show that oral doses of nickel and chromium can cause cutaneous adverse reactions such as dermatitis. Additional dietary sources, such as leaching from stainless steel cookware during food preparation, are not well characterized. This study examined stainless steel grades, cooking time, repetitive cooking cycles, and multiple types of tomato sauces for their effects on nickel and chromium leaching. Trials included three types of stainless steels and a stainless steel saucepan, cooking times of 2-20 h, 10 consecutive cooking cycles, and four commercial tomato sauces. After a simulated cooking process, samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for Ni and Cr. After 6 h of cooking, Ni and Cr concentrations in tomato sauce increased up to 26- and 7-fold, respectively, depending on the grade of stainless steel. Longer cooking durations resulted in additional increases in metal leaching, where Ni concentrations increased 34-fold and Cr increased approximately 35-fold from sauces cooked without stainless steel. Cooking with new stainless steel resulted in the largest increases. Metal leaching decreases with sequential cooking cycles and stabilized after the sixth cooking cycle, although significant metal contributions to foods were still observed. The tenth cooking cycle resulted in an average of 88 μg of Ni and 86 μg of Cr leached per 126 g serving of tomato sauce. Stainless steel cookware can be an overlooked source of nickel and chromium, where the contribution is dependent on stainless steel grade, cooking time, and cookware usage.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 61 %P 9495-501 %8 10/2013 %G eng %N 39 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23984718?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf402400v %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2013 %T Structurally distinct polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce differential transcriptional responses in developing zebrafish. %A Goodale, Britton C %A Susan C Tilton %A Corvi, Margaret M %A Glenn R Wilson %A Janszen, Derek B %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Animals %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Structure-Activity Relationship %K Transcription, Genetic %K Zebrafish %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment as components of fossil fuels and by-products of combustion. These multi-ring chemicals differentially activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in a structurally dependent manner, and induce toxicity via both AHR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PAH exposure is known to induce developmental malformations in zebrafish embryos, and recent studies have shown cardiac toxicity induced by compounds with low AHR affinity. Unraveling the potentially diverse molecular mechanisms of PAH toxicity is essential for understanding the hazard posed by complex PAH mixtures present in the environment. We analyzed transcriptional responses to PAH exposure in zebrafish embryos exposed to benz(a)anthracene (BAA), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and pyrene (PYR) at concentrations that induced developmental malformations by 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Whole genome microarray analysis of mRNA expression at 24 and 48 hpf identified genes that were differentially regulated over time and in response to the three PAH structures. PAH body burdens were analyzed at both time points using GC-MS, and demonstrated differences in PAH uptake into the embryos. This was important for discerning dose-related differences from those that represented unique molecular mechanisms. While BAA misregulated the least number of transcripts, it caused strong induction of cyp1a and other genes known to be downstream of the AHR, which were not induced by the other two PAHs. Analysis of functional roles of misregulated genes and their predicted regulatory transcription factors also distinguished the BAA response from regulatory networks disrupted by DBT and PYR exposure. These results indicate that systems approaches can be used to classify the toxicity of PAHs based on the networks perturbed following exposure, and may provide a path for unraveling the toxicity of complex PAH mixtures.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 272 %P 656-70 %8 11/2013 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23656968?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.024 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Systems & Data Management at the Environmental Health Sciences Center %A Michael L Barton %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Elena S Peterson %A Beckman, Joseph S %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %B FSES Advisory Council Meeting %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Systems & Data Management at the Environmental Health Sciences Center %A Michael L Barton %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Elena S Peterson %A Beckman, Joseph S %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %B CGRB Spring Conference %8 04/2013 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2013 %T Unregulated PAHs in crayfish and passive sampling devices: Increased cancer risk estimates? %A LB Paulik %A Norman D Forsberg %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry-North America 34th Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Using PSDs to Assess Bioavailable PAHs in Traditionally Smoked Fish %A Lane G Tidwell %A Stuart Harris %A Kim A Anderson %B Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Executive Advisory Council, Pendleton,OR,USA %8 11/2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2012 %T An approach for calculating a confidence interval from a single aquatic sample for monitoring hydrophobic organic contaminants. %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %K Confidence Intervals %K Environmental Monitoring %K Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions %K Pilot Projects %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %K Water Pollution, Chemical %X

The use of passive sampling devices (PSDs) for monitoring hydrophobic organic contaminants in aquatic environments can entail logistical constraints that often limit a comprehensive statistical sampling plan, thus resulting in a restricted number of samples. The present study demonstrates an approach for using the results of a pilot study designed to estimate sampling variability, which in turn can be used as variance estimates for confidence intervals for future n = 1 PSD samples of the same aquatic system. Sets of three to five PSDs were deployed in the Portland Harbor Superfund site for three sampling periods over the course of two years. The PSD filters were extracted and, as a composite sample, analyzed for 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. The between-sample and within-sample variances were calculated to characterize sources of variability in the environment and sampling methodology. A method for calculating a statistically reliable and defensible confidence interval for the mean of a single aquatic passive sampler observation (i.e., n = 1) using an estimate of sample variance derived from a pilot study is presented. Coverage probabilities are explored over a range of variance values using a Monte Carlo simulation.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %V 31 %P 2888-92 %8 12/2012 %G eng %N 12 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997050?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/etc.2014 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Assessment and source-modeling of bioavailable contaminants in Gulf of Mexico coastal waters before, during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Kim A Anderson %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Lane G Tidwell %B 243rd ACS National Meeting %8 03/2012 %G eng %0 Patent %B U.S. Patent and Trade Office %D 2012 %T Bio-enhanced Synthesis for Preparation of Shikimic Acid %A Kim A Anderson %X

The present invention provides a method of isolating shikimic acid from a plant. First, a plant is provided. Next, the plant is grown in the absence of glyphosate for a first time period. The plant is then treated with glyphosate for a second time period. This second time period is sufficient for the glyphosate to increase the amount of shikimic acid in the plant. The plant with increased amounts of shikimic acid is then harvested and the shikimic acid is isolated from the plant.

%B U.S. Patent and Trade Office %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Bridging Environmental Mixtures and Toxic Effects %A Sarah E Allan %A Brian W Smith %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %X

BRIDGES is a bioanalytical tool that combines passive sampling with the embryonic zebrafish developmental toxicity bioassay to provide a quantitative measure of the toxicity of bioavailable complex mixtures. Passive sampling devices (PSDs), which sequester and concentrate bioavailable organic contaminants from the environment, were deployed in the Willamette and Columbia Rivers within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund site in Portland, Oregon. Six sampling events were conducted in the summer and fall of 2009 and 2010. PSD extracts were analyzed for PAH compounds and screened for 1,200 chemicals of concern using deconvolution reporting software. The developmental toxicity of the extracts was analyzed using the embryonic zebrafish bioassay. Significant spatial and temporal differences in the concentration of contaminants at the sites were observed. Similarly, significant differences in the developmental toxicity of the samples were recorded. This demonstrates the importance of utilizing an environmental monitoring tool, such as BRIDGES, that can provide site-specific, temporally resolved information about environmental contaminants and directly link environmental samples to toxicity. Multivariate modeling approaches were applied to paired chemical-toxic effects data sets to help unravel chemistry-toxicity associations. Although this research highlights the complexity of discerning specific bioactive compounds in complex mixtures, it demonstrates methods for associating toxic effects with chemical characteristics of environmental samples.

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2012 %T Bridging environmental mixtures and toxic effects. %A Sarah E Allan %A Brian W Smith %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %K Biological Assay %K Environmental Monitoring %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Rivers %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Biological Response Indicator Devices Gauging Environmental Stressors (BRIDGES) is a bioanalytical tool that combines passive sampling with the embryonic zebrafish developmental toxicity bioassay to provide a quantitative measure of the toxicity of bioavailable complex mixtures. Passive sampling devices (PSDs), which sequester and concentrate bioavailable organic contaminants from the environment, were deployed in the Willamette and Columbia Rivers within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund site in Portland, OR, USA. Six sampling events were conducted in the summer and fall of 2009 and 2010. Passive sampling device extracts were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds and screened for 1,201 chemicals of concern using deconvolution-reporting software. The developmental toxicity of the extracts was analyzed using the embryonic zebrafish bioassay. The BRIDGES tool provided site-specific, temporally resolved information about environmental contaminant mixtures and their toxicity. Multivariate modeling approaches were applied to paired chemical and toxic effects data sets to help unravel chemistry-toxicity associations. Modeling elucidated spatial and temporal trends in PAH concentrations and the toxicity of the samples and identified a subset of PAH analytes that were the most highly correlated with observed toxicity. Although the present study highlights the complexity of discerning specific bioactive compounds in complex mixtures, it demonstrates methods for associating toxic effects with chemical characteristics of environmental samples.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %V 31 %P 2877-87 %8 12/2012 %G eng %N 12 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001962?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/etc.2018 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Development and Validation of Complementary LCMS and GCMS Methods to Examine Oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) in Environmental Mixtures %A Steven G O'Connell %A Theodore A Haigh %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B 25th Annual Meeting of the Superfund Research Program %8 10/2012 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2012 %T Effect of Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and possible risks to human health. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Stone, Dave %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardenas, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although it is known that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be found in smoked meats, little is known about their prevalence in Native American smoked fish. In this work, the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and possible risks to human health has been assessed. Smoking methods considered smoking structure (tipi or shed) and wood type (apple or alder). Neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon content of 33 PAHs. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40-430 times higher than those measured in commercial products. Dietary exposure to PAHs could result in excess lifetime cancer risks between 1 × 10(-5) and 1 × 10(-4) at a daily consumption rate of 5 g d(-1) and could approach 1 × 10(-2) at 300 g d(-1). Hazard indexes approached 0.005 at 5 g d(-1), or approximately 0.3 at 300 g d(-1). Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods may pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 60 %P 6899-906 %8 07/2012 %G eng %N 27 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22690788?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf300978m %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Effect of Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and possible risks to human health %A Norman D Forsberg %A Stone, Dave %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardena, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B CTUIR Tribal-University Collaboration to Address Tribal Exposures to PAHs and Improve Community Health, Pendleton, OR %8 2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Engagement of Native American Tribes in the characterization of novel PAH dietary exposure pathways, assessment of possible human health risks %A Norman D Forsberg %A Stone, Dave %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardenas, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although it is known that legacy toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be introduced into meats via smoke curing, little is known about their prevalence in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American smoking techniques. This work sought to characterize the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to 33 legacy and emerging substituted PAHs and identify possible risks to human health. Salmon smoking events were carried out by Tribal researchers at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation in collaboration with Oregon State University Superfund Research Program researchers. Fresh caught Chinook salmon were smoked using two commonly used smoking structures (tipi or shed) and two types of traditionally used woods (apple or alder). For the purposes of exposure pathway and risk assessment, all salmon samples were prepared as if to be eaten. Additionally, 20 non-smoked spring-run Chinook salmon were analyzed for background PAH content along with three commercially available smoked salmon. Salmon samples were subsequently analyzed for PAHs. Potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to human health were evaluated using Relative Potency Factor and Hazard Index approaches. 

Across all smoking methods, individual PAH loads ranged between < 2 – 3,800 μg/kg, where non-carcinogenic, carcinogenic, emerging, and legacy PAHs generally accounted for 95%, 5%, 20% and 80% of the total PAH load respectively. It was found that neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon PAH content. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40 – 430 times higher than PAH loads measured in fresh caught non-smoked salmon and commercial smoked salmon. Exposure to the levels of carcinogenic PAHs measured in traditionally prepared smoked salmon could result in excess life-time cancer risks between 1E-5 and 1E-4 at a daily consumption rate of 5 g/d and could approach 1E-2 at 300 g/d. Exposure to non-carcinogenic PAHs could result in hazard indexes of 0.005 at 5 g/d and approach 0.3 at 300 g/d. Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods potentially pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years. Study results were shared with the Tribes and are currently being evaluated in order to design a culturally specific Tribal message.

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Conference %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Engagement of Native American Tribes in the determination of legacy and emerging PAH dietary exposure scenarios, assessment of possible risks to human health %A Norman D Forsberg %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stone, Dave %A Cardenas, Andres %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although it is known that legacy toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be introduced into meats via smoke curing, little is known about their prevalence in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American smoking techniques. This work sought to characterize the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to 33 legacy and emerging PAHs and identify possible risks to human health. Salmon smoking events were carried out by Tribal researchers at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) in collaboration with Oregon State University Superfund Research Program (OSU SRP) researchers. Fresh caught spring-run Chinook salmon were smoked using two commonly used smoking structures (tipi or shed) and two types of traditionally used woods (apple or alder). For the purposes of exposure and risk assessment, all salmon samples were prepared as if to be eaten. Additionally, 20 non-smoked spring-run Chinook salmon were analyzed for background PAH content along with three commercially available smoked salmon. Salmon samples were subsequently analyzed for PAH content using a novel analytical approach developed and validated specifically for application in this study.

Across all smoking methods, individual PAH loads ranged between < 2 – 3,800 μg/kg, where non-carcinogenic, carcinogenic, emerging, and legacy PAHs generally accounted for 95%, 5%, 20% and 80% of the total PAH load respectively. It was found that neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon content of 33 PAHs. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40 – 430 times higher than PAH loads measured in fresh caught non-smoked salmon and commercial smoked salmon. Exposure to the levels of carcinogenic PAHs measured in traditionally prepared smoked salmon could result in excess life-time cancer risks between 1E-5 and 1E-4 at a daily consumption rate of 5 g/d and could approach 1E-2 at 300 g/d. Exposure to non-carcinogenic PAHs could result in hazard indexes of 0.005 at 5 g/d and approach 0.3 at 300 g/d. Levels of PAHs present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods potentially pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.

During the course of this study, the OSU SRP Community Engagement Core partnered with CTUIR to develop and publish a unique Material and Data sharing agreement. In accordance with the agreement, study findings were formally presented to CTUIR members and researchers on two separate occasions; once in Portland, Oregon at the Food Innovation Center and again in Pendleton, OR to the CTUIR advisory committee. Engagement of the CTUIR led to rich discussions which ultimately resulted in the development and submission of a joint publication for peer review with the American Chemical Society. Study results are currently being evaluated in order to design a culturally specific message for the Tribes.

%B Connecting Research and Practice: A Dialogue Between ATSDR and the NIEHS Superfund Research Program %8 2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Evaluating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure from traditional Native American food smoking practices %A Cardenas, Andres %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Harper, Barbara %A Stone, Dave %A Jai, Y %A Motorkyn, O %A Sandra Uesugi %A Norman D Forsberg %A Sudakin, Dan %B National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Core Centers Meeting, Boston, MA %8 2012 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2012 %T Impact of the deepwater horizon oil spill on bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Gulf of Mexico coastal waters. %A Sarah E Allan %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %K Environmental Monitoring %K Gulf of Mexico %K Petroleum Pollution %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

An estimated 4.1 million barrels of oil and 2.1 million gallons of dispersants were released into the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. There is a continued need for information about the impacts and long-term effects of the disaster on the Gulf of Mexico. The objectives of this study were to assess bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal waters of four Gulf Coast states that were impacted by the spill. For over a year, beginning in May 2010, passive sampling devices were used to monitor the bioavailable concentration of PAHs. Prior to shoreline oiling, baseline data were obtained at all the study sites, allowing for direct before and after comparisons of PAH contamination. Significant increases in bioavailable PAHs were seen following the oil spill, however, preoiling levels were observed at all sites by March 2011. A return to elevated PAH concentrations, accompanied by a chemical fingerprint similar to that observed while the site was being impacted by the spill, was observed in Alabama in summer 2011. Chemical forensic modeling demonstrated that elevated PAH concentrations are associated with distinctive chemical profiles.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 46 %P 2033-9 %8 02/2012 %G eng %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321043?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/es202942q %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Informing communities – a collaborative investigation of Native American PAH dietary exposure scenarios and possible risks to human health %A Norman D Forsberg %A Harding, Anna %A Stone, Dave %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardenas, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

This work sought to characterize the effect of traditional Native American fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and identify possible risks to human health. To this end, fresh spring-run Chinook salmon were purchased from Tribal fisherman and smoked using two commonly used smoking structures (tipi or shed) and two types of traditionally used woods (apple or alder). Salmon smoking events were carried out by Tribal researchers at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) in collaboration with Oregon State University Superfund Research Program (OSU SRP) researchers. For the purposes of exposure and risk assessment, all salmon samples were prepared as if to be eaten. Additionally, 20 non-smoked spring-run Chinook salmon were analyzed for background PAH content along with three commercially available smoked salmon.

Across all smoking methods, individual PAH loads ranged between < 2 – 3,800 μg/kg, where non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 90% and 10% of the total PAH load respectively. It was found that neither smoking structure nor wood type accounted for differences in smoked salmon PAH content. However, PAH loads in traditionally smoked salmon were 40 – 430 times higher than PAH loads measured in fresh caught non-smoked salmon and commercial smoked salmon. Exposure to levels of carcinogenic PAHs measured in traditionally prepared smoked salmon could result in excess lifetime cancer risks between 1E-5 and 1E-4 at a daily consumption rate of 5 g/d and could approach 1E-2 at 300 g/d. Exposure to non-carcinogenic PAHs could result in hazard indexes of 0.005 at 5 g/d and approach 0.3 at 300 g/d. PAH levels present in smoked salmon prepared using traditional Native American methods potentially pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.

Study results are currently being evaluated in order to design a culturally specific message for the Tribes.

%B The 25th Annual Meeting of the Superfund Research Program %8 2012 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Lab Autom %D 2012 %T Integration of data systems and technology improves research and collaboration for a superfund research center. %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Elena S Peterson %A Michael L Barton %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %K Biostatistics %K Chemistry Techniques, Analytical %K Computational Biology %K Cooperative Behavior %K Environmental Health %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems %K Oregon %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Universities %X

Large collaborative centers are a common model for accomplishing integrated environmental health research. These centers often include various types of scientific domains (e.g., chemistry, biology, bioinformatics) that are integrated to solve some of the nation's key economic or public health concerns. The Superfund Research Center (SRP) at Oregon State University (OSU) is one such center established in 2008 to study the emerging health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons while using new technologies both in the field and laboratory. With outside collaboration at remote institutions, success for the center as a whole depends on the ability to effectively integrate data across all research projects and support cores. Therefore, the OSU SRP center developed a system that integrates environmental monitoring data with analytical chemistry data and downstream bioinformatics and statistics to enable complete "source-to-outcome" data modeling and information management. This article describes the development of this integrated information management system that includes commercial software for operational laboratory management and sample management in addition to open-source custom-built software for bioinformatics and experimental data management.

%B J Lab Autom %V 17 %P 275-83 %8 08/2012 %G eng %N 4 %1

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22651935?dopt=Abstract

%R 10.1177/2211068212448428 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Legacy pollutant levels in crayfish compared to passive sampling devices: Determination of correlations and development of bioaccumulation models %A Norman D Forsberg %A Gregory J Sower %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic compounds that continue to drive risk management efforts. In order to characterize exposure pathways and assess human health risks associated with consumption of contaminated resident fish, regulatory agencies conventionally analyze homogenized fish tissue samples for PAHs and PCBs. However, obtaining fish for analysis is challenging, the analysis is destructive, and the analysis offers limited spatial and temporal information due in part to biological and physiological variability. For these reasons, an alternative tool capable of accurately predicting fish tissue contaminant levels would be useful to regulatory agencies and risk managers.

Passive sampling devices (PSDs) sample the bioavailable fraction of chemicals, are readily available in large numbers, provide a non-destructive sampling method, yield simpler chemicals analyses, and are capable of identifying spatial and temporal contamination patterns. We hypothesize that PSDs are capable of providing site-independent predictions of chemical load in aquatic tissues with useful accuracy. To test this, PSDs were deployed in the water column at 8 different sites within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite for 24 days. Simultaneously, nearly 100 resident crayfish were collected. Sites selected for PSD and crayfish sampling represented a wide range of PAH and PCB concentrations. PSDs and crayfish were then analyzed for 16 priority pollutant PAHs and 32 dioxin and non-dioxin like PCB congeners using a novel analytical method. Presented results will include regression analyses on total contaminant loads (ΣPAH + PCBs), chemical class specific loads (ΣPAHs, ΣPCBs), and individual contaminant of concern loads. Additionally, we will determine PSD-crayfish specific bioaccumulation factors (BAFPSD-CF) for a wide suite of contaminants of concern. PAH and PCB PSD loads will subsequently be used as surrogates for crayfish and used to generate human health risk estimates. Estimates will then be compared to risk results reported in the Portland Harbor Public health assessment for consumption of impacted resident crayfish. Results from this study will help identify novel PSD applications that could provide useful information to regulators and risk managers.

%B SETAC North American 33rd Annual National Conference %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicology %D 2012 %T Neurodevelopmental low-dose bisphenol A exposure leads to early life-stage hyperactivity and learning deficits in adult zebrafish. %A Saili, Katerine S %A Corvi, Margaret M %A Weber, Daniel N %A Patel, Ami U %A Das, Siba R %A Przybyla, Jennifer %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Animals %K Behavior, Animal %K Benzhydryl Compounds %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Dose-Response Relationship, Drug %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Endocrine Disruptors %K Environmental Pollutants %K Estradiol %K Hydrazines %K Hyperkinesis %K Larva %K Learning Disorders %K Maze Learning %K Phenols %K Receptors, Estrogen %K Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled %K Reversal Learning %K Teratogens %K Zebrafish %X

Developmental bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been implicated in adverse behavior and learning deficits. The mode of action underlying these effects is unclear. The objectives of this study were to identify whether low-dose, developmental BPA exposure affects larval zebrafish locomotor behavior and whether learning deficits occur in adults exposed during development. Two control compounds, 17β-estradiol (an estrogen receptor ligand) and GSK4716 (a synthetic estrogen-related receptor gamma ligand), were included. Larval toxicity assays were used to determine appropriate BPA, 17β-estradiol, and GSK4716 concentrations for behavior testing. BPA tissue uptake was analyzed using HPLC and lower doses were extrapolated using a linear regression analysis. Larval behavior tests were conducted using a ViewPoint Zebrabox. Adult learning tests were conducted using a custom-built T-maze. BPA exposure to <30μM was non-teratogenic. Neurodevelopmental BPA exposure to 0.01, 0.1, or 1μM led to larval hyperactivity or learning deficits in adult zebrafish. Exposure to 0.1μM 17β-estradiol or GSK4716 also led to larval hyperactivity. This study demonstrates the efficacy of using the zebrafish model for studying the neurobehavioral effects of low-dose developmental BPA exposure.

%B Toxicology %V 291 %P 83-92 %8 01/2012 %G eng %N 1-3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22108044?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.001 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Nickel Beyond Environmental Exposure: Stainless Steel Cookware's Contribution to Nickel Exposure from Cooked Foods %A Kamerud, Kristin L %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %X

Environmental and occupational exposure to nickel is generally well characterized, however other potential routes of exposure,such as leaching from stainless steel cookware are not well known. Nickel occurs naturally in plants and animals, and humans are exposed to it from these dietary sources. Humans are estimated to ingest an average of 150 to 900μg of nickel per day. In 2001, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of nickel was decreased to 1000μg per day. The toxicological studies of nickel indicate that single oral doses as low as 3000μg causes allergic dermatitis. It is recommended that individuals sensitive to nickel lower their exposure. However, nickel may be introduced to the diet via leaching from stainless steel cookware into foods during cooking processes, contributing to flare-ups of allergic contact dermatitis. We tested three variables, grade of stainless steel, cook time, and repeated usage or cooking cycles, for their effects on nickel leaching from stainless steel during the process of cooking tomato sauce. Sampling involved simulated home cooking procedures with stainless steel grades equivalent to those found in cookware. After the cooking procedure samples underwent acid digestion, and analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show significant differences in nickel leaching between grades of stainless steel, indicative of the reported protective properties of the chromium oxide film in stainless steel. The amount of nickel in tomato sauce increased from 4.99mg/kg after a cook time of two hours to 7.63mg/kg after a cook time of twenty hours. The first cooking cycle showed the highest nickel concentration of 5.76mg/kg. Sequential cooking cycles with the sample stainless steel resulted in decreasing amounts nickel leached with each subsequent cooking cycle. From this set of experiments we can conclude that in addition to dietary exposures, stainless steel comparable to cookware is a source of nickel. Nickel exposure from stainless steel is variable, and dependent on grade of steel,cook time, and number of cooking cycles.

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Passive sampling devices (PSDs) and GC-MS screening tools to assess a suite of over 1,000 contaminants in agricultural areas in Western Africa %A Kevin A Hobbie %A McCartney, Melissa A %A Theodore A Haigh %A Glenn R Wilson %A Ndieye, A. %A Seck, Dogo %A Kim A Anderson %X

 

Organizations and developing countries that attempt to assess pesticides and other environmental contaminants face many challenges of how to measure them, such as, the remoteness of sites and subsequently the difficulty of transportation and stability of chemicals in samples from these sites.  The Sahel region of Western Africa has many highly engineered agriculture-based irrigated systems that generally have three cropping cycles per year.  The need to assess changes in contaminants at these sites requires tools that can characterize contaminants at high spatial and temporal resolution.  Modification of farming pest management practices face the challenge of how to measure success; how to assess the changes in bioavailability of contaminants.  They need quantitative tools that can characterize contaminants and predict their risk to local organisms and humans.  To address these issues we have further developed passive sampling devices (PSDs) that can sequester thousands of bioavailable chemicals.  These devices can help organizations and developing countries to evaluate changes in pest management that may produce or release chemicals.  PSDs can help organizers characterize exposure more accurately.  We are using PSDs to capture relevant non-polar and semi-polar pesticides and other chemicals of interest at multiple sites in Western Africa.  PSDs do not require power, transport easily and are easily extracted with organic solvent. We deployed PSDs in irrigation canals at seven agricultural sites in Senegal, Mali, and Mauritania agricultural stations. We were able to screen the PSD extracts for nearly 1,200 potential contaminants with gas chromatography mass spectrometry through the use  of libraries we have further developed based on software, including automated compiled mass spectral de-convolution and identification system libraries that contain numerous classes of chemicals of concern (pesticides, PCBs, PAHs, pharmaceuticals, industrially related chemicals, etc.). The results for all sites combined showed positive hits of six PCB congeners, 11 pesticides, 21 PAHs and two legacy pesticides including ethiolate, p’p’ DDD and its breakdown products.  Furthermore the compound pentachloroanisole a breakdown product of pentachlorophenol was detected in Mauritania. PSDs coupled with GC-MS screening tools offer a powerful technology to identify persistent organic pollutants present at agricultural sites in three countries in the Sahel region of Western Africa. 

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Pilot Study Using LFT to Assess Bioavailable PAHs During Tradtional Fish Smoking %A Lane G Tidwell %A Norman D Forsberg %A Kim A Anderson %B CTUIR Tribal-University Collaboration to Address Tribal Exposures to PAHs and Improve Community Health, Pendleton, OR %8 04/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Preserving the Environment and Toxicity Linkage by Combining Passive Sampling Technologies with Environmental Stressors to Identify Unknown Toxicants %A Norman D Forsberg %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kim A Anderson %X

Regulatory agencies are required to mitigate human and ecological exposure to toxic chemicals of concern. In order to meet this demand, chemical drivers of toxicity and accurate exposure pathways must be identified. Though mixtures are complex systems, it has been postulated that the bioavailable fraction of mixtures is linked to toxicity. Applying additional stressors to chemical mixtures will likely transform the composition of the bioavailable fraction and induce differential toxicological responses. In order to more accurately characterize exposure, regulatory agencies need experimental approaches that can determine the effect of natural/remediation processes on the bioavailable fraction of chemical mixtures and mixture toxicity.

Passive sampling devices (PSDs) readily sequester the bioavailable fraction of environmentally relevant mixtures, which includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We hypothesized that perturbations of PSD extracts via UV light exposure could reduce concentrations of PAHs and simultaneously increase concentrations of currently unmonitored oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs). PSD samples collected from the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite and the waters of the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster were exposed to UV light (λ = 313 nm) for 30 minutes at an irradiance roughly 30-40 times greater than a single sunny day in Northern US cities. Along with PSD samples, 1 ppm standard mixtures of 16 EPA priority pollutant PAHs were also exposed. PAHs and 22 oxy-PAHs were quantified in pre- and post-UV exposed samples using a recently expanded and validated GC-MS analytical method. It was found that the concentration of nearly half of the monitored PAHs were significantly reduced in standard mixtures following UV exposure, while levels of 9,10-anthraquinone and 7,12-benz[a]anthracenequinone were increased by roughly an order of magnitude relative to controls. Similar results were observed in environmentally relevant PSD samples. Combining PSD technology with other environmental stressors could provide a powerful approach for identifying emerging chemicals of concern, accurate exposure pathways, and chemical drivers of toxicity.

%B SETAC North America 33rd Annual National Conference %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Solving the data integration problem for a Superfund Research Program Center %A Elena S Peterson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Michael L Barton %A Walker, Hyunjoo J. %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %B Society of Toxicology 51st Annual Meeting %C San Francisco, CA %8 2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Three Different Demonstration Applications of an Innovative Air sampling Technology to Adress Community-based Environmental Exposures: Oil Spills, Legacy and Emerging Contaminants at Community-Industry land Boundaries and Food Preparation %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jamie Donatuto %A Stuart Harris %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although communities often want and need chemical monitoring data to characterize chemicals in their environmental or from their activities, air monitoring equipment is often cost prohibitive or technically impractical.   We are further developing air monitoring bio-analytical tools that employ our passive sampling device (PSD).  PSDs require no external power, require minimal training for quality controlled sampling, and can be quickly and inexpensively deployed.  PSD are capable of providing qualitative and quantitative characterization of exposure to the bioavailable vapor phase fraction of legacy and emerging contaminants in the atmosphere. We demonstrate our PSD’s utility in three vastly different scenarios; before, during and after the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill in spring of 2010, at the interface of community tribal lands and high intensity industrial activities, and finally in Native American fish smoking activities.  Legacy and emerging PAHs were characterized for all three scenarios; analysis of PSD extracts using a 1,200 analyte screening method was also undertaken.  Acute chemical spills generally require a quick response, and often there is a significant, or unknown, exposure prior to elaborate air monitoring equipment setup.  We deployed air PSDs prior to, during and after shoreline oiling from the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida.  Emerging and legacy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified in the air PSD. PSDs were also screened for an additional 1,200 contaminants of concern.  We demonstrate the utility of the air PSD to respond to acute chemical spills, and to gather chemical data sets on a wide range of contaminants. Communities adjacent to highly industrialized lands often want to understand the contribution of contaminants of concern from industrial activities to their ambient activities.  The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) offered their lands to further test our developing air PSD technology and to address these kinds of questions.  PSD were deployed at SITC, which borders a petroleum facility, continuously for a yearlong study, from these PSD samples legacy and emerging PAHs were identified and quantified.  The results indicate spatial and temporal trends that were related to the activities of the tribal community and the petroleum facility.  While PSDs have been demonstrated as a surrogate of fish for aquatic environment assessment, atmospheric PSDs have not been previously used as a surrogate of food for preparation technique assessment.  Community-based requests often include understanding the effects of special food preparations that are culturally important.  The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) requested an assessment of their fish smoking methods.  As part of a larger study, we deployed air PSDs during the CTUIR smoking events to further evaluate the utility of using our PSD as a surrogate of smoke-processed fish.  In a side-by-side study the PSDs were paired with salmon during smoking.  PAHs were quantified from the air PSD and compared with the smoked salmon.  The results show excellent promise for an alternative method for assessing food smoking preparation techniques. Throughout these three studies the OSU SRP Research Translation and Community Engagement Cores partnered to develop culturally appropriate messages and data interpretation including workshops, print materials, brochures, and web-based information.

%B Connecting Research and Practice: A Dialogue between ATSDR and the NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Atlanta, Georgia %8 08/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Two Applications of an Innovative Air Sampling Technology to Address Community-based Environmental Exposures to Legacy and Emerging PAHs %A Lane G Tidwell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Norman D Forsberg %A Jamie Donatuto %A Stuart Harris %A Kim A Anderson %X

Although communities often want and need chemical monitoring data to characterize chemicals in their environment or from their activities, air monitoring equipment is often cost prohibitive or technically impractical. We are further developing air monitoring bio-analytical tools that employ our passive sampling device (PSD). PSDs require no external power, require minimal training for quality controlled sampling, and can be quickly and inexpensively deployed. PSDs are capable of providing qualitative and quantitative characterization of exposure to the bioavailable vapor phase fraction of legacy and emerging contaminants in the atmosphere. We demonstrate our PSD’s utility in two different scenarios; at the interface of community tribal lands and high intensity industrial activities, and in Native American fish smoking activities.  Legacy and emerging PAHs were characterized for both scenarios.

Communities adjacent to highly industrialized lands often want to understand the contribution of contaminants of concern from industrial activities to their ambient activities.  The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) offered their lands to further test our developing air PSD technology and to address these kinds of questions.  PSD were deployed at SITC, which borders a petroleum facility, for a yearlong study, from these PSD samples legacy and emerging PAHs were identified and quantified.  The results indicate spatial and temporal trends that were related to the activities of the tribal community and the petroleum facility. 

While PSDs have been demonstrated as a surrogate of fish for aquatic environment assessment, atmospheric PSDs have not been previously used as a surrogate of food for preparation technique assessment.  Community-based requests often include understanding the effects of special food preparations that are culturally important.  The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) requested an assessment of their fish smoking methods.  As part of a larger study, we deployed air PSDs during the CTUIR smoking events to further evaluate the utility of using our PSD as a surrogate of smoke-processed fish.  In a side-by-side study the PSDs were paired with salmon during smoking.  PAHs were quantified from the air PSD and compared with the smoked salmon.  The results show excellent promise for an alternative method for assessing food smoking preparation techniques.

%B SETAC 33rd North American Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Utilizing Comprehensive Methodologies to Examine Chemical Contaminants including Oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) in Gulf of Mexico Complex Mixtures during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill %A Steven G O'Connell %A Theodore A Haigh %A Sarah E Allan %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC 33rd North American Annual Meeting %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Utilizing Passive Sampling for Rapid Response to Assess Atmospheric Exposure to PAHs Before, During and After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in crude oil and may persist in the environment even after visible evidence is gone. Volatilization of crude oil can be one route of exposure for PAHs.  Exposures of PAHs from crude oil spills typically occurs concurrent with the spill or prior to significant weathering of the oil. Acute chemical spills generally initiate a rapid clean up response; however, there is often a significant exposure period prior to elaborate air monitoring equipment setup.  Because PSDs do not require elaborate equipment or electricity, we were able to sample within days of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. We deployed passive sampling devices (PSDs) for air sampling prior to, during and after shoreline oiling. Study locations included sites in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. PSDs mimic the chemical uptake of biomembranes by exploiting the fugacities of vapor phase compounds in the atmosphere. Chemical data from PSD extracts can be employed to assess potential exposure, transport, fate and sourcing of emerging and legacy contaminants in the atmosphere. 

Forty two samples were collected over a 15 month period beginning in May 2010; passive sampling devices were used to monitor the bioavailable concentration of PAHs in air. Prior to shoreline oiling, baseline data was obtained at all the study sites, allowing for direct before and after comparisons of PAH air contamination due to oiling. Samples were analyzed using a method composed of 33 emerging and legacy PAHs. As many as 18 PAHs were quantified in some air PSD extracts. Flouranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene were the largest contributors to the total vapor phase PAH concentration at our sampling sites. PSDs were also screened for an additional 1,200 contaminants of concern. Analysis of PSDs with this screening method resulted in positive identification of oxygen, sulfanate and nitrogen substituted PAHs, pesticides, and compounds used in industry such as musks and flame retardants. Our study demonstrates the utility of air PSDs to respond to acute chemical spills and collect chemical data sets on a wide range of contaminants in a more rapid fashion than traditional air monitoring technologies. During this study OSU’s Superfund Research Program Research Translation and Community Engagement Cores developed resources including workshops, brochures, and web-based information available to the communities impacted by the spill.

%B SETAC North America %8 11/2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Assessment and Source Modeling of Bioavailable Contaminants in Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Before, During and After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill %A Sarah E Allan %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 32nd Annual Conference %8 11/2011 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Assessment of PAHs in Traditionally Prepared Native American Smoked Salmon %A Norman D Forsberg %A Stone, Dave %A Harding, Anna %A Harper, Barbara %A Stuart Harris %A Matzke, Melissa M %A Cardena, Andres %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program-Tribal Collaboration Meeting, Portland, OR %8 11/2011 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Biological Response Indicator Devices for Gauging Environmental Stressors (BRIDGES) in the Gulf of Mexico %A Kim A Anderson %B Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) and the Ad Hoc Group for Medical Research, Advancing Discovery: Assessing the Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill %8 2011 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2011 %T A case study in tribal-university collaboration: Air sampling on the Swinomish Reservation %A Kim A Anderson %B Invited Workshop Instructor, National Association of Remedial Project Managers, EPA/NIEHS %8 2011 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2011 %T Determination of parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-fat salmon using a modified QuEChERS extraction, dispersive SPE and GC-MS. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Fats %K Food Contamination %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Salmon %K Seafood %K Solid Phase Extraction %X

A fast and easy modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, rugged and safe) extraction method has been developed and validated for determination of 33 parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in high-fat smoked salmon that greatly enhances analyte recovery compared to traditional QuEChERS procedures. Sample processing includes extraction of PAHs into a solution of ethyl acetate, acetone and isooctane followed by cleanup with dispersive SPE and analysis by GC-MS in SIM mode. Method performance was assessed in spike recovery experiments (500 μg/g wet weight) in three commercially available smoked salmon with 3-11% fat. Recoveries of some 2-, 3- and 5-ring PAHs were improved 50-200% over traditional methods, while average recovery across all PAHs was improved 67%. Method precision was good with replicate extractions typically yielding relative standard deviations <10%, and detection limits were in the low ng/g range. With this method, a single analyst could extract and clean up ≥60 samples for PAH analysis in an 8 h work day.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 59 %P 8108-16 %8 08/2011 %G eng %N 15 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21732651?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf201745a %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Development of modified QuEChERS extraction methods for the analysis of PAHs in high fat content fish and smoked salmon %A Norman D Forsberg %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 32nd Annual Conference %8 11/2011 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Development of modified QuEChERS extraction methods for the analysis of PAHs in high fat content fish and smoked salmon %A Norman D Forsberg %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund External Advisory Council Meeting %8 2011 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Developmental toxicity of bioavailable contaminants from the Portland Harbor Superfund site: Bridging environmental mixtures and toxic effects %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 32nd Annual Conference %8 11/2011 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2011 %T Estimating risk at a Superfund site using passive sampling devices as biological surrogates in human health risk models. %A Sarah E Allan %A Gregory J Sower %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Environmental Monitoring %K Fishes %K Humans %K Models, Statistical %K Neoplasms %K Oregon %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Public Health %K Risk Assessment %K Rivers %K Time Factors %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Passive sampling devices (PSDs) sequester the freely dissolved fraction of lipophilic contaminants, mimicking passive chemical uptake and accumulation by biomembranes and lipid tissues. Public Health Assessments that inform the public about health risks from exposure to contaminants through consumption of resident fish are generally based on tissue data, which can be difficult to obtain and requires destructive sampling. The purpose of this study is to apply PSD data in a Public Health Assessment to demonstrate that PSDs can be used as a biological surrogate to evaluate potential human health risks and elucidate spatio-temporal variations in risk. PSDs were used to measure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Willamette River; upriver, downriver and within the Portland Harbor Superfund megasite for 3 years during wet and dry seasons. Based on an existing Public Health Assessment for this area, concentrations of PAHs in PSDs were substituted for fish tissue concentrations. PSD measured PAH concentrations captured the magnitude, range and variability of PAH concentrations reported for fish/shellfish from Portland Harbor. Using PSD results in place of fish data revealed an unacceptable risk level for cancer in all seasons but no unacceptable risk for non-cancer endpoints. Estimated cancer risk varied by several orders of magnitude based on season and location. Sites near coal tar contamination demonstrated the highest risk, particularly during the dry season and remediation activities. Incorporating PSD data into Public Health Assessments provides specific spatial and temporal contaminant exposure information that can assist public health professionals in evaluating human health risks.

%B Chemosphere %V 85 %P 920-7 %8 10/2011 %G eng %N 6 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741671?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.051 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Innovative Technologies to Quantify Environmental Contaminant Bioavailability & Exposure %A Kim A Anderson %B Invited Workshop Instructor, National Association of Remedial Project Managers, EPA/NIEHS “Passive Sampling Devices Technology” %8 2011 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Innovative Technologies to Quantify Environmental Contaminant Bioavailability & Exposure %A Kim A Anderson %B Invited Seminar Speaker, Special Seminar & Networking Opportunities, Sponsored by the Superfund Research Program, NIEHS In Partnership with NCEH/ATSDR, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chamblee Campus %8 2011 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic studies suggest that the DAP biomarkers may lead to overestimates of organophosphate pesticide exposure %A Norman D Forsberg %A Rodriguez-Proteau, R %A Ma, L %A Morré, J %A Christensen, J M %A Maier, C S %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Kim A Anderson %B ASMS %8 2011 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Xenobiotica %D 2011 %T Organophosphorus pesticide degradation product in vitro metabolic stability and time-course uptake and elimination in rats following oral and intravenous dosing. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Rodriguez-Proteau, R %A Ma, L %A Morré, J %A Christensen, J M %A Maier, C S %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Kim A Anderson %K Administration, Oral %K Animals %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Injections, Intravenous %K Male %K Mass Spectrometry %K Organophosphorus Compounds %K Pesticides %K Rats %K Rats, Sprague-Dawley %K Time Factors %X

Levels of urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs) are currently used as a biomarker of human exposure to organophosphorus insecticides (OPs). It is known that OPs degrade on food commodities to DAPs at levels that approach or exceed those of the parent OP. However, little has been reported on the extent of DAP absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The metabolic stability of O,O-dimethylphosphate (DMP) was assessed using pooled human and rat hepatic microsomes. Time-course samples were collected over 2 h and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. It was found that DMP was not metabolized by rat or pooled human hepatic microsomes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered DMP at 20 mg kg(-1) via oral gavage and i.v. injection. Time-course plasma and urine samples were collected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. DMP oral bioavailability was found to be 107 ± 39% and the amount of orally administered dose recovered in the urine was 30 ± 9.9% by 48 h. The in vitro metabolic stability, high bioavailability and extent of DMP urinary excretion following oral exposure in a rat model suggests that measurement of DMP as a biomarker of OP exposure may lead to overestimation of human exposure.

%B Xenobiotica %V 41 %P 422-9 %8 05/2011 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21446834?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3109/00498254.2010.550656 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Pre- and post- shoreline oiling assessment of bioavailable PAH compounds in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC – Gulf Oil Spill Focused Topic Meeting %I SETAC – Gulf Oil Spill Focused Topic Meeting %8 04/2011 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2011 %T Preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene in rodents. %A Crowell, Susan Ritger %A Amin, Shantu G %A Kim A Anderson %A Krishnegowda, Gowdahalli %A Sharma, Arun K %A Soelberg, Jolen J %A Williams, David E %A Corley, Richard A %K Administration, Oral %K Algorithms %K Animals %K Benzo(a)pyrene %K Benzopyrenes %K Environmental Pollutants %K Female %K Injections, Intravenous %K Mice %K Models, Biological %K Rats %K Rats, Sprague-Dawley %K Tissue Distribution %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants generated as byproducts of natural and anthropogenic combustion processes. Despite significant public health concern, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling efforts for PAHs have so far been limited to naphthalene, plus simpler PK models for pyrene, nitropyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The dearth of published models is due in part to the high lipophilicity, low volatility, and myriad metabolic pathways for PAHs, all of which present analytical and experimental challenges. Our research efforts have focused upon experimental approaches and initial development of PBPK models for the prototypic PAH, B[a]P, and the more potent, albeit less studied transplacental carcinogen, dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC). For both compounds, model compartments included arterial and venous blood, flow limited lung, liver, richly perfused and poorly perfused tissues, diffusion limited fat, and a two compartment theoretical gut (for oral exposures). Hepatic and pulmonary metabolism was described for both compounds, as were fractional binding in blood and fecal clearance. Partition coefficients for parent PAH along with their diol and tetraol metabolites were estimated using published algorithms and verified experimentally for the hydroxylated metabolites. The preliminary PBPK models were able to describe many, but not all, of the available data sets, comprising multiple routes of exposure (oral, intravenous) and nominal doses spanning several orders of magnitude.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 257 %P 365-76 %8 12/2011 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001385?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.020 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Walking in two worlds: Tribal-university partnerships, capacity building, technology transfer, and developing cultural sensitivity in toxicology and environmental health research %A Sandra Uesugi %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Harper, Barbara %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Stone, Dave %A Jai, Y %A Hirsch, Naomi %A Cardenas, Andres %A Sudakin, Dan %B Pacific Northwest Association of Toxicologists Meeting, North Bonneville, WA %8 2011 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Assessment of bioavailable PAH compounds in water and air at near shore locations in the Gulf of Mexico pre- and post- shoreline oiling during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Kim A Anderson %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Steven G O'Connell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %B Invited plenary speaker, Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Bioavailable PAH compounds in coastal marine waters of the Gulf of Mexico pre and post shoreline oiling during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill %A Sarah E Allan %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Biological Response Indicator Devices for Gauging Environmental Stressors (BRIDGES), demonstrated the sensitivity of the BRIDGES bio-analytical tool for detecting spatially distinct toxicity in aquatic systems %A Kim A Anderson %B Invited Webinar Speaker: NIEHS “Risk eLearning” joint webinar program with EPA. Using Ecological-Based Tools and Approaches to Assess Bioavailability (archived online %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Can consumers trust salmon production method labels through the use of chemical profiling? %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B platform presentation, ACS Spring Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T A Case Study in Tribal-University Collaboration: Air Sampling on the Swinomish Reservation %A Kim A Anderson %B invited speaker, Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 2010 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2010 %T Chemical profiling with modeling differentiates wild and farm-raised salmon. %A Kim A Anderson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %K Animals %K Fisheries %K Models, Biological %K Principal Component Analysis %K Salmon %K Seafood %K Trace Elements %X

Classifications of fish production methods, wild or farm-raised salmon, by elemental profiles or C and N stable isotope ratios combined with various modeling approaches were determined. Elemental analysis (As, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, and Zn) of wild and farm-raised salmon samples was performed using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Isotopic and compositional analyses of carbon and nitrogen were performed using mass spectrometry as an alternative fingerprinting technique. Each salmon (king salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch ; Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar ) was analyzed from two food production practices, wild and farm raised. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) were used for data exploration and visualization. Five classification modeling approaches were investigated: linear discriminate function, quadratic discriminant function, neural network, probabilistic neural network, and neural network bagging. Methods for evaluating model reliability included four strategies: resubstitution, cross-validation, and two very different test set scenarios. Generally speaking, the models performed well, with the percentage of samples classified correctly depending on the particular choice of model and evaluation method used.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 58 %P 11768-74 %8 11/2010 %G eng %N 22 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20973481?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf102046b %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Deepwater Horizon Disaster %A Kim A Anderson %B NIEHS Webinar %8 2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Deepwater Horizon oil spill sites used to demonstrate atmospheric passive samplers coupled with a 1200 analyte screening method %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Sarah E Allan %A Steven G O'Connell %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %I SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Determination of the Historical Contributions of Fertilizer Applications to the Bioavailable Metal Concentrations in Oregon Agricultural Soils %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Perez, Angela L %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Environ Monit %D 2010 %T Effect of dibenzopyrene measurement on assessing air quality in Beijing air and possible implications for human health. %A Julie A Layshock %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %K Air Pollutants %K China %K Cities %K Environmental Exposure %K Environmental Monitoring %K Epidemiological Monitoring %K Humans %K Lung Neoplasms %K Particle Size %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Risk %K Seasons %X

Size fractionated particulate matter (PM) was collected in summer and winter from Beijing, China for the characterization of an expanded list of PAHs and evaluation of air pollution metrics. Summertime ΣPAHs on PM was 14.6 ± 29(PM 1.5), 0.88 ± 0.49(PM 1.5-7.2) and 0.29 ± 0.076(PM 7.2) ng m(-3) air while wintertime concentrations were 493 ± 206(PM 1.5), 26.7 ± 14(PM 1.5-7.2) and 5.3 ± 2.5(PM 7.2) ng m(-3) air. Greater than 90% of the carcinogenic PAHs were concentrated on PM(1.5). Dibenzopyrene isomers made up a significant portion (∼30%) of the total carcinogenic PAH load during the winter. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dibenzopyrenes in the Beijing atmosphere and among the few studies that report these highly potent PAHs in ambient particulate matter. Lifetime risk calculations indicated that 1 out of 10,000 to over 6 out of 100 Beijing residents may have an increased risk of lung cancer due to PAH concentration. Over half of the lifetime risk was attributed to Σdibenzopyrenes. The World Health Organization and Chinese daily PM(10) standard was exceeded on each day of the study, however, PAH limits were only exceeded during the winter. The outcomes of the air pollution metrics were highly dependent on the individual PAHs measured and seasonal variation.

%B J Environ Monit %V 12 %P 2290-8 %8 12/2010 %G eng %N 12 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20967364?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1039/c0em00057d %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Evidence that the DAP biomarker may lead to overestimates of organophosphate pesticide exposure %A Norman D Forsberg %A Rodriguez-Proteau, R %A Maier, C S %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Morré, J %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B platform presentation, 239th American Chemical Society conference %8 03/2010 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2010 %T Exploiting lipid-free tubing passive samplers and embryonic zebrafish to link site specific contaminant mixtures to biological responses. %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Sarah E Allan %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Embryonic Development %K Environmental Monitoring %K Lipids %K Rivers %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %K Zebrafish %X

The Biological Response Indicator Devices Gauging Environmental Stressors (BRIDGES) bio-analytical tool was developed in response to the need for a quantitative technology for assessing the toxicity of environmentally relevant contaminant mixtures. This tool combines passive samplers with the embryonic zebrafish model. When applied in an urban river it effectively linked site specific, bioavailable contaminant mixtures to multiple biological responses. Embryonic zebrafish exposed to extracts from lipid-free passive samplers that were deployed at five locations, within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Megasite, displayed different responses. Six of the eighteen biological responses observed in 941 exposed zebrafish were significantly different between sites. This demonstrates the sensitivity of the bio-analytical tool for detecting spatially distinct toxicity in aquatic systems; bridging environmental exposure to biological response.

%B Chemosphere %V 79 %P 1-7 %8 03/2010 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20172587?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.001 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Gene Expression Changes Following Embryonic Bisphenol A Exposure: Exploring The Role Of Estrogen Disruption In BPA-Induced Neurobehavioral Toxicity %A Saili, Katerine S %A Przybyla, Jennifer %A LaDu, Jane %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Robyn L Tanguay %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Improving Collaboration by Controlling the Flow of Accurate Data and Information on a Multi-Institutional Superfund Research Project %A Elena S Peterson %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Przybyla, Jennifer %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %B Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T In vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that measurement of urinary dialkylphosphates may lead to overestimates of human OP pesticide exposure %A Norman D Forsberg %A Rodriguez-Proteau, R %A Christensen, J M %A Maier, C S %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Kim A Anderson %B platform presentation, SETAC 2010 %8 2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T An Innovative Approach to Quantifying Risk at a MGP Remediation Project Using Passive Sampling Devices %A Gregory J Sower %A Sarah E Allan %A Kim A Anderson %B EPRI MGP 2010 Symposium %8 01/2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Ketone and Quinone Substituted PAH Profiles from Remote and Urban Atmospheric Particulate Matter %A Julie A Layshock %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2010 %T Ketone and quinone-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mussel tissue, sediment, urban dust, and diesel particulate matrices. %A Julie A Layshock %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Dust %K Environmental Monitoring %K Environmental Pollutants %K Geologic Sediments %K Ketones %K Mytilus edulis %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Quinones %K Vehicle Emissions %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) substituted with a ketone or quinone functionality (OPAHs) may be important environmental contaminants. The OPAHs from environmental samples have demonstrated toxicity and may be more harmful than PAHs. Knowledge gaps concerning the occurrence of OPAHs in the total environment arise from analytical difficulties, as well as limited standards and methodologies. An optimized method was developed to quantify five ketone and four quinone OPAHs from matrices ranging from biological tissue to diesel particulates. Five National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) were analyzed. This is the first report of OPAH quantitation in SRM 2977 (mussel tissue), SRM 1944 (New York/New Jersey, USA waterway sediment), SRM 1975 (diesel extract), and SRM 1650b (diesel particulate matter) and among the few to report concentrations from SRM 1649 (urban dust). Furthermore, this is one of the first reports of OPAHs in biological tissue. Σ₉OPAHs were 374 ± 59 mg/kg (mussel tissue), 5.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg (sediment), 16.9 ± 1.6 mg/kg (urban dust), 33.4 ± 0.4 mg/kg (diesel extract), and 150 ± 43 mg/kg (diesel particulate matter). In all SRMs, the levels of OPAHs were similar to or exceeded levels of PAHs. Of the OPAHs tested, the most frequently occurring in the environmental matrices were 9-fluorenone, 9,10-anthraquinone, benzofluorenone, and 7,12-benz[a]anthracenequinone.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %V 29 %P 2450-60 %8 11/2010 %G eng %N 11 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20830751?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/etc.301 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Portland Harbor and the Gulf of Mexico %A Kim A Anderson %B Invited Speaker, Oregon Environmental Health Association %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Sweet Onion Field Test Kit %A Lane G Tidwell %A Richard P Scott %A Merril, Dawn %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %B invited presentation and demonstration, 2010 National Onion Association Meeting %8 2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Test Kit for Sweet Onions %A Richard P Scott %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Kim A Anderson %B National Allium Research Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Using passive sampling devices in human health risk assessment models: biologically relevant and spatio-temporal specific measures of exposure %A Sarah E Allan %A Gregory J Sower %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting/SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Utilizing Silicone Passive Samplers to Expand Environmental Monitoring for the Portland Harbor %A Steven G O'Connell %A Sarah E Allan %A Glenn R Wilson %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 11/2010 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health Perspect %D 2009 %T Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls interferes with experience-dependent dendritic plasticity and ryanodine receptor expression in weanling rats. %A Yang, Dongren %A Kim, Kyung Ho %A Phimister, Andrew %A Bachstetter, Adam D %A Ward, Thomas R %A Stackman, Robert W %A Mervis, Ronald F %A Wisniewski, Amy B %A Klein, Sabra L %A Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S %A Kim A Anderson %A Wayman, Gary %A Pessah, Isaac N %A Lein, Pamela J %K Animals %K Animals, Newborn %K Body Weight %K Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) %K Dendrites %K Female %K Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental %K Green Fluorescent Proteins %K Litter Size %K Maze Learning %K Memory %K Microtubule-Associated Proteins %K Neuronal Plasticity %K Pregnancy %K Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects %K Rats %K Rats, Sprague-Dawley %K Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel %K Sex Ratio %X

BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with altered patterns of neuronal connectivity. A critical determinant of neuronal connectivity is the dendritic morphology of individual neurons, which is shaped by experience. The identification of environmental exposures that interfere with dendritic growth and plasticity may, therefore, provide insight into environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alter dendritic growth and/or plasticity by promoting the activity of ryanodine receptors (RyRs).

METHODS AND RESULTS: The Morris water maze was used to induce experience-dependent neural plasticity in weanling rats exposed to either vehicle or Aroclor 1254 (A1254) in the maternal diet throughout gestation and lactation. Developmental A1254 exposure promoted dendritic growth in cerebellar Purkinje cells and neocortical pyramidal neurons among untrained animals but attenuated or reversed experience-dependent dendritic growth among maze-trained littermates. These structural changes coincided with subtle deficits in spatial learning and memory, increased [3H]-ryanodine binding sites and RyR expression in the cerebellum of untrained animals, and inhibition of training-induced RyR upregulation. A congener with potent RyR activity, PCB95, but not a congener with negligible RyR activity, PCB66, promoted dendritic growth in primary cortical neuron cultures and this effect was blocked by pharmacologic antagonism of RyR activity.

CONCLUSIONS: Developmental exposure to PCBs interferes with normal patterns of dendritic growth and plasticity, and these effects may be linked to changes in RyR expression and function. These findings identify PCBs as candidate environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in children with heritable deficits in calcium signaling.

%B Environ Health Perspect %V 117 %P 426-35 %8 03/2009 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19337518?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1289/ehp.11771 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2009 %T DGT estimates cadmium accumulation in wheat and potato from phosphate fertilizer applications. %A Perez, Angela L %A Kim A Anderson %K Cadmium %K Diffusion %K Fertilizers %K Phosphates %K Quality Control %K Solanum tuberosum %K Triticum %X

Cadmium is a common impurity in phosphatic fertilizers and may contribute to soil Cd accumulation. Changes in total and bioavailable Cd burdens to agricultural soils and the potential for plant Cd accumulation resulting from fertilizer input was investigated. Three year field studies were conducted using three dose levels of cadmium-rich, commercial, phosphate fertilizers applied at four agricultural sites. Labile Cd concentrations, measured using the passive sampling device Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (Cd(DGT)), increased with increasing fertilizer application rates. Cd also accumulated in the edible portion of wheat and potato crops grown at the sites, and showed strong positive dose response with fertilizer treatment. Regression models were calculated for each site, year, and for individual crops. Model comparisons indicated that soil physical and chemical parameters in addition to soil Cd fractions, were important determinants of Cd(DGT). Significant factors contributing to Cd(DGT) concentrations were Cd from fertilizer input (Cd(fertilizer)), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and total recoverable Cd (Cd(total)). Important factors used to determine Cd concentrations in wheat grain (Cd(wheat)) and in potato (Cd(potato)) were as follows: Cd(wheat):Cd(fertilizer), and Cd(DGT); and Cd(potato):Cd(fertilizer), Cd(DGT), % O.M. The effective concentration, C(E), calculated from DGT did not correlate well with Cd(wheat) or with Cd(potato). Direct measurements of Cd(DGT) correlated better with Cd found in edible plant tissue. The modeling approach presented in this study helps to estimate Cd accumulation in plant tissue over multiple years and in distinct agricultural soil systems.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 407 %P 5096-103 %8 09/2009 %G eng %N 18 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552942?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.045 %0 Generic %D 2009 %T Mitigating or Eliminating Pesticide Risks in Surface Waters in the Pacific Northwest and West Africa with Targeted Research, Extension, and Education Programs %A Quarles, L %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Kim A Anderson %B (Invited Speaker) The Use and Value of Environmental Monitoring in the Assessment and Analysis of Risks, Semi-Annual International IPM Symposium, Transcending Boundaries, Portland OR %8 03/2009 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2009 %T Site specific toxic effects in zebrafish embryos to passive sampling device extracts linked to differences in environmental contaminant mixtures %A Sarah E Allan %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Glenn R Wilson %A Brian W Smith %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting %8 11/2009 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2009 %T Site-specific toxic effects in zebrafish embryos exposed to passive sampling device extracts linked to differences in environmental contaminant mixtures %A Sarah E Allan %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Glenn R Wilson %A Brian W Smith %A Robyn L Tanguay %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 30th Annual Conference %8 11/2009 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Toxicol Chem %D 2009 %T Soil-diffusive gradient in thin films partition coefficients estimate metal bioavailability to crops at fertilized field sites. %A Perez, Angela L %A Kim A Anderson %K Biological Availability %K Crops, Agricultural %K Diffusion %K Fertilizers %K Membranes, Artificial %K Metals, Heavy %K Phosphates %K Soil Pollutants %X

Field trials in four distinct agricultural soils were conducted to examine changes to total recoverable and labile soil Cd and Ni concentrations with applications of commercial phosphate fertilizers. The edible portion of wheat and potato crops grown at the field plots were analyzed for recoverable Cd and Ni. Total recoverable Ni and Cd concentrations in agricultural soils increased by 10 and 22%, respectively, each year of the study at recommended application rates. Labile Cd and Ni were measured using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), a passive sampling device reported to estimate the plant bioavailable metal fraction. Nickel concentrations measured with DGT did not significantly change with treatment nor did they change over time. Cadmium concentrations measured with DGT increased with application rate and over time from 2003 to 2005, then decreased in 2006. Wheat grain Cd concentrations and Cd and Ni levels in tubers increased significantly with fertilizer treatment level. Grain and tuber Cd values exceeded the minimal risk levels for chronic oral exposure. At agronomical P-fertilizer application rates, 25% of plant samples deviated from the Cd minimal risk levels. The present study reports the use of K(d-BIO), defined as the ratio of total recoverable metal to DGT measured metal, as a significant indicator of crop metal accumulation in the edible portion. The K(d-BIO) values were well correlated with both grain and tuber concentrations over multiple growing seasons. Results from long-term field trials emphasize K(d-BIO) as a dynamic term that provides risk characterization information about the fate of Cd and Ni in aged, fertilized agricultural soils and crops.

%B Environ Toxicol Chem %V 28 %P 2030-7 %8 10/2009 %G eng %N 10 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19432507?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1897/08-637.1 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2009 %T Use of passive sampling devices to assess a suite of over 1000 non-polar and semi-polar contaminants in a re-circulating aquaculture system %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Glenn R Wilson %A Peterson, T %A Kent, M %A Kim A Anderson %X

Re-circulating aquaculture systems may occasionally become contaminated or amplify biological or chemical agents. For instance, increased prevalence of intestinal cancers have been observed in some zebrafish re-circulating aquaculture facilities. The etiology of these neoplasms are unknown. We used passive sampling devices in re-circulating aquaculture systems to sequester a suite of non-polar and semi-polar contaminants. Passive sampling devices sequester and concentrate a wide range of contaminants that may be at very low concentrations within a system, thus are well suited to investigate contamination and episodic exposure events. Through the use of Agilent's Retention Time Locking software, Deconvolution Reporting Software and combining several mass spectral libraries, we were able to screen the passive sampling device extracts for nearly 2000 potential contaminants with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Included in our screen were over 900 pesticides and endocrine disruptors, PCBs, along with a wide range of other chemicals. The passive sampling device extracts were also used with the embryonic zebrafish toxicity model where fish were grown out to determine if similar types of cancer formed.

%B SETAC North America 30th Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA %8 11/2009 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2008 %T Field trial and modeling of uptake rates of in situ lipid-free polyethylene membrane passive sampler. %A Kim A Anderson %A D Sethajintanin %A Gregory J Sower %A Quarles, L %K Lipids %K Membranes, Artificial %K Models, Molecular %K Models, Theoretical %K Polyethylene %K Quality Control %X

Lipid-free polyethylene membrane tubing (LFT) has been further developed in response to a growing need for an inexpensive and simple time-integrative sampling device for dissolved hydrophobic contaminants in water. The LFT sampler is based on the diffusion of dissolved hydrophobic target compounds through the aqueous boundary layer and into the polyethylene membrane, mimicking uptake by organisms. We demonstrate through laboratory and field validation studies that LFT provided the same benefits as many other passive sampling devices, withoutthe potential of analytical interference from lipid impurities. A total of 370 LFTs and semipermeable membrane devices were deployed for 21 days in paired studies at highly urbanized, undeveloped, and two Superfund sites, representing several river conditions. A simple internal surrogate spiking method served as an in situ calibration indicator of the effects of environmental conditions on the uptake rates. A modified extraction method for the LFT increased recoveries while decreasing solvent use and labor compared to other organic extraction procedures. LFT sampling rates were estimated using ratios, in situ calibration and modeling for over 45 target analytes, including PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 42 %P 4486-93 %8 06/2008 %G eng %N 12 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18605575?dopt=Abstract %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2008 %T Overcoming the Technical Challenges of an International Human and Eological Health Risk Project in Western Africa. Part 2: Integrating Quality Assurance and Trace Pesticide Analysis Between Laboratories %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Ackerman, Amanda %A Quarles, L %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Fall, N %A Ndieye, A. %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Kim A Anderson %B The Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. North America Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, USA %8 11/2008 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2008 %T Spatial and temporal variation of freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban river undergoing Superfund remediation. %A Gregory J Sower %A Kim A Anderson %K Environmental Remediation %K Health %K Humans %K Oregon %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Principal Component Analysis %K Rain %K Rivers %K Seawater %K Solubility %K Time Factors %X

Urban rivers with a history of industrial use can exhibit spatial and temporal variations in contaminant concentrations that may significantly affect risk evaluations and even the assessment of remediation efforts. Concentrations of 15 biologically available priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured over five years along 18.5 miles of the lower Willamette River using passive sampling devices and HPLC. The study area includes the Portland Harbor Superfund megasite with several PAH sources including remediation operations for coal tar at RM 6.3 west and an additional Superfund site, McCormick and Baxter, at RM 7 east consisting largely of creosote contamination. Study results show that organoclay capping at the McCormick and Baxter Superfund Site reduced PAHs from a precap average of 440 +/- 422 ng/L to 8 +/- 3 ng/L postcapping. Results also reveal that dredging of submerged coal tar nearly tripled nearby freely dissolved PAH concentrations. For apportioning sources, fluoranthene/pyrene and phenanthrene/anthracene diagnostic ratios from passive sampling devices were established for creosote and coal tar contamination and compared to published sediment values.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 42 %P 9065-71 %8 12/2008 %G eng %N 24 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19174872?dopt=Abstract %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2008 %T Use of chemical profiling to determine farm raised versus wild caught salmon %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 29th Annual Conference, Tampa, FL %8 2008 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Overcoming the technical challenges of an international human and ecological health risk project in Western Africa %A Gregory J Sower %A Ackerman, Amanda %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Quarles, L %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Toure, C %A Kim A Anderson %B The Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. North America Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, USA %8 2007 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Protecting the Nation’s Food Supply, Use of chemical profiling to determine the origin of food commodities %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 28th Annual Conference, Milwaukee, WI %8 11/2007 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Protecting the Nation’s Food Supply: Use of chemical profiling to determine origin of food commodities %A Kevin A Hobbie %A Perez, Angela L %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 28th Annual Conference, Milwaukee, WI %8 2007 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2006 %T Seasonal and Variety Effects on Stable Isotope Profiling to Determine Geographic Growing Origin of Pistachios %A Kim A Anderson %A Brian W Smith %K Carbon Isotopes %K Iran %K Isotopes %K Nitrogen Isotopes %K Pistacia %K Seasons %K Species Specificity %K Turkey %K United States %X

The objectives of this study were to demonstrate if seasonal or variety differences affected the feasibility of stable isotope profiling methods to differentiate the geographical growing regions of pistachios (Pistachia vera). Bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of approximately 150 pistachios samples were performed. Isotope ratios were determined using a stable isotope mass spectrometer. The pistachio samples analyzed were from the three major pistachio-growing regions: Turkey, Iran, and the United States (California). Geographic regions were well separated on the basis of isotope ratios. Seasonal effects were found to affect some isotopes for some regions. Pistachio varieties within specified geographic regions were not found to affect the discriminating power of stable isotopes, for the varieties tested. This paper reports the development of a simple chemical profiling method using bulk stable isotope ratios that may be widely applied to the determination of the geographic origin of foods.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 54 %P 1747-52 %8 03/2006 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506828?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf052928m %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2006 %T Selenium accumulation patterns in lotic and lentic aquatic systems. %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Carbon %K Ecosystem %K Environmental Monitoring %K Fishes %K Food Chain %K Geologic Sediments %K Invertebrates %K Rivers %K Selenium %K Time Factors %K Water Movements %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Selenium (Se) concentrations in water column, sediment and insect compartments were measured over 3 years, in conjunction with selected physicochemical parameters, from lotic (flowing water) and lentic (standing water) sites within a single watershed in Utah, USA. There was evidence for steady-state concentrations of total [Se] in the insects, sediment and detritus, while there was no correlation between these concentrations and the concentration in surface water. Insect Se burden may therefore provide a more accurate measurement of food web accumulation risk than surface water Se concentration. The importance of organism-specific factors on Se transfer to higher trophic levels was revealed by the steady-state Se body burden within the same insect taxa occupying similar environmental compartments in both aquatic systems. Additionally, however, insect Se body burdens, even within similar taxa, were up to 7 times greater within the lentic compared with the lotic system, and site-specific biogeochemical processes are also likely to play a role in the pattern and level of Se accumulation between hydrogeochemically different aquatic systems occurring within the same watershed. Though a site-specific relationship was apparent between organic content and sediment and detritus Se concentrations, this factor did not account for insect Se accumulation differences between the lotic and lentic aquatic habitats. If carbon content is to be used as a site-specific predictor of Se accumulation potential, further investigations of it's influence on the food web accumulation rate of Se are required.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 366 %P 367-79 %8 07/2006 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16487574?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.024 %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2006 %T Stable isotope and trace element profiling combined with classification models to differentiate geographic growing origin for three fruits: effects of subregion and variety. %A Perez, Angela L %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %K Argentina %K Blueberry Plant %K Chile %K Environment %K Fragaria %K Fruit %K Isotopes %K Mexico %K Oregon %K Pyrus %K Trace Elements %X

Classifications of geographic growing origin of three fresh fruits combining elemental profiles with various modeling approaches were determined. Elemental analysis (Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, V, and Zn) of strawberry, blueberry, and pear samples was performed using inductively coupled plasma argon atomic emission spectrometer. Bulk stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses in pear were performed using mass spectrometry as an alternative fingerprinting technique. Each fruit, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), blueberry (Vaccinium caesariense/corymbosum), and pear (Pyrus communis), was analyzed from two growing regions: Oregon vs Mexico, Chile, and Argentina, respectively. Principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis were used for data visualization. The data were modeled using linear discriminant function, quadratic discriminant function, neural network, genetic neural network, and hierarchical tree models with successful classification ranging from 70 to 100% depending on commodity and model. Effects of Oregon subregional and variety classification were investigated with similar success rates.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 54 %P 4506-16 %8 06/2006 %G eng %N 13 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16786991?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf0600455 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2006 %T Stable isotope and trace element profiling combined with classification models to differentiate geographic growing origin for three fruits: effects of sub-region and variety %A Perez, Angela L %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B American Chemical Society National 232nd annual Mtg, San Francisco, CA %8 2006 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2006 %T Temporal bioavailability of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs. %A D Sethajintanin %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Biological Availability %K DDT %K Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene %K Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane %K Environmental Pollutants %K Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated %K Insecticides %K Oregon %K Pesticides %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Rivers %K Seasons %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Because PCBs and organochlorine pesticides continue to be of global concern, studies that address information gaps, such as factors and influences of spatial and temporal effects on contaminant bioavailability, are valuable. The present study focused on the spatial and temporal distribution of bioavailable organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in surface waters of a contaminated harbor. Passive sampling devices were intensively deployed adjacent to various land uses on the Willamette River, OR, including Portland Harbor and McCormick and Baxter Superfund sites, during summer and fall, extreme conditions, 2001-2004. An increase of bioavailable sigmaDDTs (sum of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE) concentrations was strongly affected bythe local historic production of DDTs and temporal changes in river conditions. The increase of bioavailable p,p'-DDD and high DDD/DDE ratios observed during summer indicates conditions favoring anaerobic reductive processes. In contrast to sigmaDDTs, the bioavailable concentrations and daily loads of dieldrin and PCBs increased during fall, especially during episodic rainstorms. On the basis of the PCB congener profiles, PCB inputs from urban runoff /sewer overflows were considered likely current sources of bioavailable PCB into the Harbor. The exceedence of the U.S. national and Oregon water quality criteria was a function of the temporal variability of each bioavailable contaminant. This illustrates the impacts associated with temporal changes of bioavailable organochlorine distributions in surface waters and the significance of considering realistic temporal, bioavailability, and site-specific conditions in risk assessment and water quality management.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 40 %P 3689-95 %8 06/2006 %G eng %N 12 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16830528?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J J AOAC Int %D 2005 %T Analytical method for dimethenamid-P in selected raw agricultural commodities by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. %A Kim A Anderson %A Basile, Jennifer L %A Johnson, Eugene R %K Acetanilides %K Chromatography, Gas %K Herbicides %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K Vegetables %X

A sensitive and simple method for the extraction and quantification of the herbicide dimethenamid-P from several raw agricultural commodities (RAC) is presented. The method provides sensitive and well-defined chromatography with baseline resolution in all matrixes tested. Homogenized samples were extracted with methanol-water, filtered, and then extracted with hexanes. A Florisil solid-phase extraction was then applied for the final cleanup. Sample separation and quantification were performed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The instrument detection limit was 0.007 microg/mL, and the practical quantification limit was 0.003 microg/g (w/w) based on a 25 g sample. Recoveries for a series of fortified plant tissues ranged from 69 to 103%. The study demonstrated selective and sensitive recovery of dimethenamid-P from the RAC tested.

%B J AOAC Int %V 88 %P 1428-32 %8 09/2005 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16385993?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2005 %T Chemical Profiling to Differentiate Geographic Origin of Pistachios %A Kim A Anderson %A Brian W Smith %K Analysis of Variance %K California %K Iran %K Metals %K Pistacia %K Spectrophotometry, Atomic %K Turkey %X

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of chemical profiling methods combined with multivariate methods to differentiate the geographical growing regions of pistachios (Pistachia vera). Elemental analysis (Ba, Be, Ca, Cu, Cr, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ti, Cd, and P) of pistachios samples was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Analysis of inorganic anions and organic acids (selenite, bromate, fumarate, malate, selenate, pyruvate, acetate, phosphate, and ascorbate) of pistachio samples was performed using capillary electrophoresis. Bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were performed using stable isotope MS. There were nearly 400 pistachio samples analyzed from the three major pistachio growing regions: Turkey, Iran, and California (United States). A computational evaluation of the trace element data sets was carried out using statistical pattern recognition methods including principal component analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, discriminant analysis, and neural network modeling. Several linear discriminant function models classified the data sets with 95% or higher accuracy. We report the development of a method combining elemental analysis and classification techniques that may be widely applied to the determination of the geographical origin of foods.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 53 %P 410-8 %8 01/2005 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15656681?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1021/jf048907u %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2005 %T Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon. %A Villeneuve, Daniel L %A Curtis, Lawrence R %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Warner, Kara E %A Tilton, Fred %A Kent, Michael L %A Watral, Virginia G %A Cunningham, Michael E %A Markle, Douglas F %A D Sethajintanin %A Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Grove, Robert %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Benzofurans %K Bone and Bones %K Dioxins %K Female %K Fishes %K History, Ancient %K Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated %K Metals, Heavy %K Oocytes %K Oregon %K Organophosphorus Compounds %K Ovary %K Pesticides %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Rivers %K Trematoda %K Trematode Infections %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

The Willamette River, one of 14 American Heritage Rivers, flows through the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of Oregon. Previous biological monitoring of the Willamette River detected elevated frequencies of skeletal deformities in fish from certain areas of the lower (Newberg pool [NP], rivermile [RM] 26 - 55) and middle (Wheatland Ferry [WF], RM 72 - 74) river, relative to those in the upper river (Corvallis [CV], RM 125-138). The objective of this study was to determine the likely cause of these skeletal deformities. In 2002 and 2003, deformity loads in Willamette River fishes were 2-3 times greater at the NP and WF locations than at the CV location. There were some differences in water quality parameters between the NP and CV sites, but they did not readily explain the difference in deformity loads. Concentrations of bioavailable metals were below detection limits (0.6 - 1 microg/ L). Concentrations of bioavailable polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally below 0.25 ng/L. Concentrations of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generally less than 5 ng/L. Concentrations of most persistent organic pollutants were below detection limits in ovary/oocyte tissue samples and sediments, and those that were detected were not significantly different among sites. Bioassay of Willamette River water extracts provided no evidence that unidentified compounds or the complex mixture of compounds present in the extracts could induce skeletal deformities in cyprinid fish. However, metacercariae of a digenean trematode were directly associated with a large percentage of deformities detected in two Willamette River fishes, and similar deformities were reproduced in laboratoryfathead minnows exposed to cercariae extracted from Willamette River snails. Thus, the weight of evidence suggests that parasitic infection, not chemical contaminants, was the primary cause of skeletal deformities observed in Willamette River fish.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 39 %P 3495-506 %8 05/2005 %G eng %N 10 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15954223?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Arch Environ Contam Toxicol %D 2004 %T Bioaccumulation profiles of chemical contaminants in fish from the lower Willamette River, Portland Harbor, Oregon. %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Environmental Monitoring %K Environmental Pollutants %K Fishes %K Hazardous Waste %K Insecticides %K Mercury %K Oregon %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Reference Values %K Tissue Distribution %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Twenty-five PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), 15 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, and mercury were determined in fish from the Willamette River in Oregon, including a Portland Harbor superfund site. Fish were collected during the summer of 2000 along a 20-mile stretch of the lower Willamette River. Concentrations of sumPCBs (sum of 25 individually determined PCB congeners) and sumDDTs (sum of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD) in fish ranged from 14 to 530 and from 18 to 510 ng/g-wet weight, respectively. SumPCBs concentrations at all sites exceeded US EPA fish advisory's screening values. Hexachlorobiphenyl congener 153 was the most abundant of the PCBs detected and p,p'-DDE was the most abundant OC pesticide detected. Low levels of dieldrin were detected in fish at all sites with the highest concentration at the superfund site (4.6 ng/g-wet weight), while other OC pesticides tested were near or below detection limits (approximately 2 ng/g). In general, organic chemical contaminant concentrations were highest in fish from the superfund site and were lower further upriver. Smallmouth bass had the highest levels of OC compounds of three fish species examined. They also had the largest site-to-site variations whereas black crappie had little variation throughout the study area. Mercury levels in fish ranged from 13 to 520 ng/g. Historical fish residue data are limited from the Portland Harbor superfund site, what data is available is over a decade old, generally consisted of only a few fish (< or = 3) and analyses quantified only a few PCB congeners (< 3).

%B Arch Environ Contam Toxicol %V 46 %P 114-23 %8 01/2004 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15025171?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J J AOAC Int %D 2003 %T Determination of pyrethrin and pyrethroid pesticides in urine and water matrixes by liquid chromatography with diode array detection. %A Loper, Bobby R %A Kim A Anderson %K Calibration %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Humans %K Indicators and Reagents %K Insecticides %K Pyrethrins %K Reference Standards %K Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization %K Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet %K Water %X

The following pyrethrin and pyrethroid pesticides were determined in urine and water matrixes by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC-DAD): pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, tetramethrin, baythroid, bifenthrin, fenvalerate, phenothrin, allethrin, resmethrin, cis-permethrin, and trans-permethrin. In addition, 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, a metabolite of various pyrethroids, was also successfully determined by the analytical method. The matrix extraction was simple, inexpensive, and fast, using only sodium chloride and acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract was filtered and analyzed by LC-DAD. The method detection limits for the pyrethrin pesticides in 5 mL urine were determined to range from 0.002 to 0.04 microg/mL, depending on the individual pyrethrin. Recoveries from spiked tap water ranged from 77 to 96%; recoveries from urine ranged from 80 to 117%. This method is especially well-suited to clinical investigations, in which rapid analysis of forensic samples is often required.

%B J AOAC Int %V 86 %P 1236-40 %8 11/2003 %G eng %N 6 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14979708?dopt=Abstract %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2002 %T Bioaccumulation profiles of chemical contaminants from the Willamette River Portland Harbor Superfund Site and Human Health Risks Assessment %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC Regional Mtg, Portland, OR %8 2002 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2002 %T Chemical Bioavailability in Eco-systesm: Case Study of Contaminants In Portland Harbor %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC Regional Mtg, Portland, OR %8 05/2002 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2002 %T Chemical marker for ALS-inhibitor herbicides: 2-aminobutyric acid proportional in sub-lethal applications. %A Loper, Bobby R %A Cobb, William T %A Kim A Anderson %K Acetolactate Synthase %K Aminobutyric Acids %K Autoanalysis %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Enzyme Inhibitors %K Herbicides %K Kinetics %K o-Phthalaldehyde %K Solanum tuberosum %K Trichloroacetic Acid %X

A chemical profiling technique for sub-lethal acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides (e.g., sulfonylureas, imidazolines, triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilides, and pyrimidyloxy salicylic) was developed using 2-aminobutyric acid, and was found to be directly proportional to application rates in field studies on two varieties of potato plants. An uncomplicated, benign-by-design analytical method for the determination of 2-aminobutyric acid in plant tissue was developed. The method is simple, fast, and automated, entailing a water-trichloroacetic acid extraction followed by precolumn on-line derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) solution and liquid chromatographic analyses. Use of reagents and chlorinated organic solvents, and generation of waste, are minimized as compared to other ALS-inhibitor herbicide analytical techniques. Recoveries for a series of fortified plant tissues ranged from 82 to 103%. Two 20-day field trials on two potato varieties, Russet Burbank and Shepody, were conducted during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons. The study demonstrated that the 2-aminobutyric acid method is an excellent, selective chemical marker technique for ALS-inhibitor herbicides for real world plant matrixes.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 50 %P 2601-6 %8 2002 Apr 24 %G eng %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11958629?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J J Agric Food Chem %D 2002 %T Chemical Profiling to Differentiating Geographic Growing Origin of Coffee %A Kim A Anderson %A Brian W Smith %K Africa, Eastern %K Central America %K Coffee %K Discriminant Analysis %K Elements %K Indonesia %K Neural Networks (Computer) %K South America %K Spectrum Analysis %X

The objective of this research was to demonstrate the feasibility of this method to differentiate the geographical growing regions of coffee beans. Elemental analysis (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, S, Cd, Pb, and P) of coffee bean samples was performed using ICPAES. There were 160 coffee samples analyzed from the three major coffee-growing regions: Indonesia, East Africa, and Central/South America. A computational evaluation of the data sets was carried out using statistical pattern recognition methods including principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis, and neural network modeling. This paper reports the development of a method combining elemental analysis and classification techniques that may be widely applied to the determination of the geographical origin of foods.

%B J Agric Food Chem %V 50 %P 2068-75 %8 03/2002 %G eng %N 7 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11902958?dopt=Abstract %0 Newspaper Article %B The Toronto Star %D 2002 %T Chemist brews up test to foil coffee rip-offs %A P. Calamai %E Brian W Smith %E Kim A Anderson %B The Toronto Star %8 March 13, 2002 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2002 %T Human Health Risks Associated with Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Fish from the Willamette River & Portland Harbor %A Kim A Anderson %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %B PITTCON®‘01 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, New Orleans, LA %8 2002 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2002 %T Trace element concentration in tree-rings biomonitoring centuries of environmental change. %A Padilla, Kimberly L %A Kim A Anderson %K Acid Rain %K Environmental Monitoring %K Mass Spectrometry %K Pinus %K Time Factors %K Trace Elements %K Trees %X

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to examine trace element concentration in tree-rings over three and half centuries to assess macro-trends of environmental change. Tree-rings of a 350+ year old mammoth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were analyzed for element concentration and evaluated versus local and global historical events. The ponderosa pine was located 100 miles south of the Canada/USA border and 180 miles east of the Pacific Ocean, and grew near apple orchards, a public road, and Swakane Creek in western Washington, USA. The elements tested did not all display the same time versus concentration patterns. Copper and chromium displayed cyclic concentration patterns over the last 350+ years, which appear to be associated with local events. Strontium, barium, zinc and cadmium were found to be relatively constant between the mid 1600s and the early 1800s. Strontium, barium, zinc, and cadmium then increased beginning in the early 1800s for approximately 50 years then decreased to present day 2000. Significantly, similar changes seen in Ca, Mg, and Zn in other studies have been attributed to acid rain, whereas, in our study area there is no history of anthropogenic acid rain. Most importantly, our data goes back to the mid-1600s several hundred years further back than most other studies of this nature. This additional time data provides for a better context of trend data not previously available.

%B Chemosphere %V 49 %P 575-85 %8 11/2002 %G eng %N 6 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12430645?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis %D 2001 %T Analytical Method for Determination of Shikimic Acid: Shikimic Acid Proportional to Glyphosate Application Rates %A Kim A Anderson %A Cobb, William T %A Loper, Bobby R %B Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis %V 32 %8 2001 %G eng %N 17,18 %& 2831-2840 %0 Journal Article %J J AOAC Int %D 2001 %T Bioavailable organochlorine pesticides in a semi-arid region of eastern Oregon, USA, as determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. %A Kim A Anderson %A Johnson, Eugene R %K Biological Availability %K Chromatography, Gas %K Chromatography, Gel %K Data Interpretation, Statistical %K Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated %K Insecticides %K Oregon %K Pesticide Residues %K Quality Control %K Time Factors %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

A group of dissolved-bioavailable organochlorine (OC) pesticides and inorganic anions in water and total OC pesticides in sediments were measured in the Malheur Watershed, a semi-arid region in the western United States, over a 2-year period. OC pesticide levels were compared with those from a 1990 study of the lower section of the river, the most recent data available. After calculating the dissolved fraction from the 1990, study it seems that DDD and dieldrin levels have decreased in the water by 50-70%, while DDE and DDT have changed little. Although banned nearly 30 years ago, DDT is still persistent throughout the Malheur River basin/watershed because it was found in all water samples tested. All of the OC pesticides tested during the 2-year study are well below the criterion continuous concentration for aquatic community exposure as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). OC pesticides appear to be decreasing, however, at lower Ontario there remains a human health risk (EPA Human Health Risk Water Quality Criteria) for DDT, because this criteria includes daily consumption of water and fish from the river. Overall, although the upper forest watershed sites have lower OC pesticide concentrations, they represent an important contribution to the total DDT load to this watershed, a source not previously acknowledged. The large increase in DDT and sigmaDDT between the Ontario sites may indicate a possible historical point source of contamination or historical preferential deposition of contamination. Normalized sediment (sigmaDDT/organic carbon) strongly correlates with dissolved water sigmaDDT.

%B J AOAC Int %V 84 %P 1371-82 %8 09/2001 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11601456?dopt=Abstract %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2001 %T Human Health Risks Associated from PCBs in Fish from the Willamette River & Portland Harbor %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B Annual SETAC mtg, Baltimore, MD %8 2001 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2001 %T Human Health Risks Associated from PCBs in Fish from the Willamette River & Portland Harbor %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B AOAC International Meeting., Tacoma, WA %8 2001 %G eng %0 Newspaper Article %B The Oregonian %D 2000 %T “River of Risk” 1) The Willamette’s Poisoned Heritage, 2) Fishing and Health, 3) Trail of Toxics, and 4) Past to Future, all 4 days cover story %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B The Oregonian %8 Dec. 17-20 2000 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 1999 %T Defining Geographic Origin of Foods-apples %A Kim A Anderson %A Brian W Smith %B PITTCON®‘99 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Orlando, FL %8 1999 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 1999 %T Defining the Geographic Origin of Coffee %A Kim A Anderson %A Brian W Smith %B 54th Northwest Regional, American Chemical Society Mtg, Portland, OR %8 1999 %G eng %0 Magazine Article %D 1998 %T Detecting the Geographic Origins of Food %A Jordan, JR %E Brian W Smith %E Kim A Anderson %B Inside Laboratory Management, AOAC International %8 05/1998 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Science %D 1998 %T Fingerprinting the Potato %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B Science %V 281 %8 07/1998 %G eng %& 511 %0 Report %D 1998 %T New Test Weeds Out Real Idaho Potatoes %A Hoffman, E %E Brian W Smith %E Kim A Anderson %B To Sell the Truth %8 06/1998 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 1998 %T The Use of Trace Metals in Defining Geographic Origin of Commodities %A Kim A Anderson %A Brian W Smith %B 53rd Northwest Regional, American Chemical Society Mtg, Richland, WA %8 1998 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 1998 %T The Use of Trace Metals in Defining Geographic Origin of Commodities-Apples %A Kim A Anderson %A Brian W Smith %B American Chemical Society National Mtg, Boston, MA %8 1998 %G eng %0 Generic %D 1998 %T The Use of Trace Metals in Defining Geographic Origin of Potatoes %A Kim A Anderson %A Magnuson, B. %A Brian W Smith %B PITTCON®‘98 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, New Orleans, LA, Invited Symposium speaker %8 04/1998 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 1997 %T Defining Geographic Origin of Potatoes with Trace Metal Analysis Using Neural Networks %A Kim A Anderson %A Brian W Smith %B 111th AOAC INTERNATIONAL (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) Annual Meeting & Exposition, San Diego, CA %8 1997 %G eng