%0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC Troutdale, OR %8 05/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Sampling %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B SOT Nashville, TN %8 03/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2023 %T Monitoring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Sara A Jahnke %E Christopher K Haddock %E Lane G Tidwell %E Peter D Hoffman %E Kim A Anderson %B SOT Nashville, TN %8 03/2023 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Using Silicone Dogtags to Better Understand Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters %A Emily M Bonner %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Sara A Jahnke %E Christopher K Haddock %E Lane G Tidwell %E Kim A Anderson %B ISES Chicago, IL %8 08/2023 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Comparing Structural Firefighters On and Off Duty Exposure to Xylenes %A Zachary W. Kowash %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X
a group of three isomeric volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) can come from many sources, from
petroleum and combustion, to cleaning agents and
plastics1. Chronic and acute exposure to xylenes through
multiple exposure routes has been linked to an assortment
of adverse health effects2,3,4,5,6,7,8. With a high number of
VOCs being released from structural fires, firefighters
could potentially face an occupational risk in responding to
fires due to potential acute and chronic exposure effects9.
Characterizing xylenes exposure in structural firefighters
can provide a greater understanding into the
occupational risk that xylenes pose to those who could be
exposed at a higher frequency.
%B College of Agriculture Career Fair & Student Showcase %8 10/2022 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2022 %T Measuring On and Off-Duty Exposures of Structural Firefighters with Silicone Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B 43rd SETAC North America %C Pittsburg, PA %8 11/2022 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Exploring Personal Chemical Exposures of Structural Firefighters Using Silicone Dog-tags as Passive Samplers %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Structural firefighters are exposed to many potentially hazardous chemicals while on the job. In a burning building, chemicals in furniture, building materials, and home goods can be volatilized in the high heat, and pyrogenic chemicals can be formed. Adverse health outcomes observed in firefighters, such as increased incidence of various cancers and cardiovascular disease, raise concerns about these occupational exposures. This study seeks to compare chemical exposures of firefighters when on- and off-duty using silicone dog-tags worn around the neck, as passive samplers. There were 57 firefighter participants selected from two-stations in the Kansas City Metropolitan area; on average, one received fewer than two calls per month (low call volume), and the other received more than 12 calls per month (high call volume). Each firefighter wore two separate dog-tags while on- and off-duty for a total of 30 24-hour shifts. The firefighters also filled out questionnaires, indicating the number of fire attacks they participated in while wearing the tags, as well as other demographic and lifestyle information that might inform exposures. The dog-tags were extracted and analyzed using GC-MS. This presentation will focus on results for two chemical classes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). Preliminary data show that 16 different firefighters were exposed to PCBs, 12 of which were from the high call volume station. Additionally, 12 different PCB congeners were detected. It is hypothesized that chemical concentrations in paired on-duty versus off-duty tags will be higher, and that the high versus low call volume station will have greater chemical concentrations. Other questions about concentration correlation to questionnaire data, PCB sources, and potential adverse health outcomes linked to the observed exposures will also be explored. Silicone passive samplers are a useful tool in gathering data on chemical exposures of firefighters because they can mimic dermal absorption of the bioavailable phase, a particularly concerning route of exposure for firefighters. They are also easy to use and maintain, allowing for this month-long exposure study. This application of passive sampling will help us better characterize the occupational exposures of firefighters when they are on- and off-duty, and how that is impacted by station call-volume.

%B SETAC North America 42nd Annual Meeting %8 11/2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2021 %T Firefighter exposures to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals measured by military-style silicone dog tags. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Christopher K Haddock %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Lane G Tidwell %A Emily M Bonner %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Studies suggest that exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (pEDCs) may contribute to adverse health outcomes, but pEDC exposures among firefighters have not been fully characterized. Previously, we demonstrated the military-style silicone dog tag as a personal passive sampling device for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures among structural firefighters. This follow-up analysis examined the pEDC exposures based on department call volume, duty shift, and questionnaire variables. Structural firefighters (n = 56) were from one high and one low fire call volume department (Kansas City, MO metropolitan area) and wore separate dog tags while on- and off-duty (n = 110). The targeted 1530 analyte semi-quantitative screening method was conducted using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (n = 433). A total of 47 pEDCs were detected, and several less-frequently-detected pEDCs (<75%) were more commonly detected in off- compared to on-duty dog tags (conditional logistic regression). Of the 11 phthalates and fragrances detected most frequently (>75%), off-duty pEDC concentrations were strongly correlated (r = 0.31-0.82, p < 0.05), suggesting co-applications of phthalates and fragrances in consumer products. Questionnaire variables of "regular use of conventional cleaning products" and "fireplace in the home" were associated with select elevated pEDC concentrations by duty shift (paired t-test). This suggested researchers should include detailed questions about consumer product use and home environment when examining personal pEDC exposures.

%B Environ Int %V 158 %P 106914 %8 2021 Oct 11 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106914 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2021 %T Investigation of Firefighter Exposures to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Using Silicone Dog-Tags %A Emily M Bonner %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Firefighters provide critical services to communities around the world despite the occupational hazards that they face. One such hazard, is exposure to a suite of chemicals released during a fire. In particular, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a concerning class of chemicals, which persist in older building materials and electrical equipment (e.g. transformers). PCBs are recognized as endocrine disruptors, carcinogens, and developmental toxicants. Furthermore, some studies have shown structural firefighters to have elevated levels of PCBs in their serum. In this study, silicone passive samplers similar to military dog-tags worn around the neck were used to measure the bioavailable fraction of PCBs firefighters were exposed to while on- and off-duty. The dog-tags were worn by firefighters for a total of 30 24- hour shifts (n=57). These firefighters were from two different stations in the Kansas City metropolitan area, one of which had fewer than two calls to respond to per month on average (low call volume), and one that had more than 12 calls per month on average (high call volume). Additional questionnaire data was collected on number of fire attacks an individual participated in, demographics, and lifestyle information that might influence chemical exposures. The dog-tags were extracted using solvent and underwent solid phase extraction prior to instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the extracts for 43 PCB congeners. PCBs were detected in sample extracts from 16 different firefighters, 12 of which were from the high call volume station. Out of 12 detected congeners, PCB 153 was the most frequently detected. Statistical analyses will be used to assess whether PCB concentrations were higher at the high versus low call volume department and while on- compared to off-duty. Finally, we will explore correlation between questionnaire data such as number of fire attacks, and firefighters’ individual PCB exposures. Although firefighters may be exposed to increased levels of PCBs in house fires, few studies have monitored these exposures. There are even fewer studies that measure dermal exposure, even though PCBs are known to be absorbed through and distributed to the skin. Given the hazards posed by PCBs, it is critical that we better understanding individual firefighters’ exposures to PCBs while on- and off-duty.

 

%B International Society of Exposure Science, Remote %8 08/2021 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2020 %T Discovery of Firefighter Chemical Exposures Using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Sara A Jahnke %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %B 10th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2020 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2020 %T Discovery of firefighter chemical exposures using military-style silicone dog tags. %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Peter D Hoffman %A Kim A Anderson %X

Occupational chemical hazards in the fire service are hypothesized to play a role in increased cancer risk, and reliable sampling technologies are necessary for conducting firefighter chemical exposure assessments. This study presents the military-style dog tag as a new configuration of silicone passive sampling device to sample individual firefighters' exposures at one high and one low fire call volume department in the Kansas City, Missouri metropolitan area. The recruited firefighters (n = 56) wore separate dog tags to assess on- and off-duty exposures (n = 110), for a total of 30 24 h shifts. Using a 63 PAH method (GC-MS/MS), the tags detected 45 unique PAHs, of which 18 have not been previously reported as firefighting exposures. PAH concentrations were higher for on- compared to off-duty tags (0.25 < Cohen's d ≤ 0.80) and for the high compared to the low fire call volume department (0.25 ≤ d < 0.70). Using a 1530 analyte screening method (GC-MS), di-n-butyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, guaiacol, and DEET were commonly detected analytes. The number of fire attacks a firefighter participated in was more strongly correlated with PAH concentrations than firefighter rank or years in the fire service. This suggested that quantitative data should be employed for firefighter exposure assessments, rather than surrogate measures. Because several detected analytes are listed as possible carcinogens, future firefighter exposure studies should consider evaluating complex mixtures to assess individual health risks.

%B Environ Int %V 142 %P 105818 %8 2020 Jun 07 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105818 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2020 %T Pesticide exposure among Latinx children: Comparison of children in rural, farmworker and urban, non-farmworker communities. %A Thomas A Arcury %A Haiying Chen %A Sara A Quandt %A Jennifer W Talton %A Kim A Anderson %A Richard P Scott %A Jensen, Anna %A Paul J Laurienti %X

Personal pesticide exposure is not well characterized among children in vulnerable, immigrant communities. We used silicone wristbands in 2018-2019 to assess pesticide exposure in 8 year old Latinx boys and girls in rural, farmworker families (n = 73) and urban, non-farmworker families (n = 60) living in North Carolina who were enrolled in the PACE5 Study, a community-based participatory research study. We determined the detection and concentrations (ng/g) of 75 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in the silicone wristbands worn for one week using gas chromatography electron capture detection and employed gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Differences by personal and family characteristics were tested using analysis of variance or Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests when necessary. Pesticide concentrations above the limit of detection were analyzed, and reported as geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The most frequently detected pesticide classes were organochlorines (85.7%), pyrethroids (65.4%), and organophosphates (59.4%), with the most frequently detected specific pesticides being alpha-chlordane (69.2%), trans-nonachlor (67.7%), gamma-chlordane (66.2%), chlorpyrifos (54.9%), cypermethrin (49.6%), and trans-permethrin (39.1%). More of those children in urban, non-farmworker families had detections of organochlorines (93.3% vs. 79.5, p = 0.0228) and pyrethroids (75.0% vs. 57.5%, p = 0.0351) than did those in rural, farmworker families; more children in rural, farmworker families had detections for organophosphates (71.2% vs. 45.0%, p= 0.0022). Children in urban, non-farmworker families had greater concentrations of alpha-chlordane (geometric mean (GM) 18.98, 95% CI 14.14, 25.47 vs. 10.25, 95% CI 7.49, 14.03; p= 0.0055) and dieldrin (GM 17.38, 95% CI 12.78 23.62 vs. 8.10, 95% CI 5.47, 12.00; p= 0.0034) than did children in rural, farmworker families. These results support the position that pesticides are ubiquitous in the living environment for children in vulnerable, immigrant communities, and argue for greater effort in documenting the widespread nature of pesticide exposure among children, with greater effort to reduce pesticide exposure.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 763 %P 144233 %8 2020 Dec 29 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144233 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Health Perspect %D 2019 %T Constituents of Household Air Pollution and Risk of Lung Cancer among Never-Smoking Women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China. %A Vermeulen, Roel %A Downward, George S %A Zhang, Jinming %A Hu, Wei %A Portengen, Lützen %A Bassig, Bryan A %A Hammond, S Katharine %A Wong, Jason Y Y %A Li, Jihua %A Reiss, Boris %A He, Jun %A Tian, Linwei %A Yang, Kaiyun %A Seow, Wei Jie %A Xu, Jun %A Kim A Anderson %A Ji, Bu-Tian %A Silverman, Debra %A Chanock, Stephen %A Huang, Yunchao %A Rothman, Nathaniel %A Lan, Qing %X

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer rates among never-smoking women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan in China are among the highest in the world and have been attributed to the domestic use of smoky (bituminous) coal for heating and cooking. However, the key components of coal that drive lung cancer risk have not been identified.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the relationship between lifelong exposure to the constituents of smoky coal (and other fuel types) and lung cancer.

METHODS: Using a population-based case-control study of lung cancer among 1,015 never-smoking female cases and 485 controls, we examined the association between exposure to 43 household air pollutants and lung cancer. Pollutant predictions were derived from a comprehensive exposure assessment study, which included methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have never been directly evaluated in an epidemiological study of any cancer. Hierarchical clustering and penalized regression were applied in order to address high colinearity in exposure variables.

RESULTS: The strongest association with lung cancer was for a cluster of 25 PAHs [odds ratio (OR): 2.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67, 2.87 per 1 standard deviation (SD) change], within which 5-methylchrysene (5-MC), a mutagenic and carcinogenic PAH, had the highest individual observed OR (5.42; 95% CI: 0.94, 27.5). A positive association with nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text]) was also observed (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.49). By contrast, neither benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) nor fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) were associated with lung cancer in the multipollutant models.

CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the association between lung cancer and household air pollution (HAP) constituents estimated over the entire life course. Given the global ubiquity of coal use domestically for indoor cooking and heating and commercially for electric power generation, our study suggests that more extensive monitoring of coal combustion products, including methylated PAHs, may be warranted to more accurately assess health risks and develop prevention strategies from this exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4913.

%B Environ Health Perspect %V 127 %P 97001 %8 2019 Sep %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1289/EHP4913 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Alan J Bergmann %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, OR %8 01/2019 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J R Soc Open Sci %D 2019 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands. %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Alan J Bergmann %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A Paulik, L Blair %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %X

To assess differences and trends in personal chemical exposure, volunteers from 14 communities in Africa (Senegal, South Africa), North America (United States (U.S.)) and South America (Peru) wore 262 silicone wristbands. We analysed wristband extracts for 1530 unique chemicals, resulting in 400 860 chemical data points. The number of chemical detections ranged from 4 to 43 per wristband, with 191 different chemicals detected, and 1339 chemicals were not detected in any wristband. No two wristbands had identical chemical detections. We detected 13 potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in over 50% of all wristbands and found 36 chemicals in common between chemicals detected in three geographical wristband groups (Africa, North America and South America). U.S. children (less than or equal to 11 years) had the highest percentage of flame retardant detections compared with all other participants. Wristbands worn in Texas post-Hurricane Harvey had the highest mean number of chemical detections (28) compared with other study locations (10-25). Consumer product-related chemicals and phthalates were a high percentage of chemical detections across all study locations (36-53% and 18-42%, respectively). Chemical exposures varied among individuals; however, many individuals were exposed to similar chemical mixtures. Our exploratory investigation uncovered personal chemical exposure trends that can help prioritize certain mixtures and chemical classes for future studies.

%B R Soc Open Sci %V 6 %P 181836 %8 02/2019 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1098/rsos.181836 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Discovery of Firefighter chemical Exposures Using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Military Health System Research Symposium, Kissimmee, FL %8 08/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Discovery of Firefighter Chemical Exposures using Military-Style Silicone Dog Tags %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON %8 11/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2019 %T Silicone Dog Tags Detect Firefighter Chemical Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Sara A Jahnke %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B 9th Annual OSU EMT Research Day, Corvallis, OR %8 1/2019 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing chemical exposures across diverse communities using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Alan J Bergmann %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Smith BW %A Lane G Tidwell %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B 3rd Tribal Environmental Health Summit, Corvallis, OR %C Corvallis, Oregon %8 06/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Comparing Chemical Exposures Across Diverse Communities Using Silicone Wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Bergmann AJ %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B Total Exposure Health Conference, Bethesda, MD %8 09/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands %A Holly Dixon %A Armstrong, Georgina %A Michael L Barton %A Bergmann AJ %A Melissa Bondy %A Mary L Halbleib %A Erin N Haynes %A Julie Herbstman %A Winnifred Hamilton %A Peter D Hoffman %A Paul C Jepson %A Molly Kile %A Laurel D Kincl %A Paul J Laurienti %A Paula E North %A LB Paulik %A Petrosino, Joe %A Points, Gary L %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Diana Rohlman %A Richard P Scott %A Brian W Smith %A Lane G Tidwell %A Cheryl Walker %A Katrina M Waters %A Kim A Anderson %B FSES External Advisory Committee Meeting, Yachats, OR %8 10/2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T A Novel Approach for Measuring Firefighter Occupational Chemical Exposures %A Lane G Tidwell %E Carolyn M Poutasse %E Walker S Carlos Poston %E Christopher K Haddock %E Sara A Jahnke %E Kim A Anderson %B FEMA, Assistance to Firefighters Meeting, Houston, TX %8 08/2018 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2018 %T Silicone Dog Tags Examine Occupational Firefighter Chemical Exposures %A Carolyn M Poutasse %A Walker S Carlos Poston %A Sara A Jahnke %A Christopher K Haddock %A Lane G Tidwell %A Kim A Anderson %B Total Exposure Health, Bethesda, MD %8 09/2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Annu Rev Public Health %D 2017 %T Assessing the Exposome with External Measures: Commentary on the State of the Science and Research Recommendations. %A Turner, Michelle C %A Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark %A Kim A Anderson %A Balshaw, David %A Cui, Yuxia %A Dunton, Genevieve %A Hoppin, Jane A %A Koutrakis, Petros %A Jerrett, Michael %X

The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information systems; remote sensing; global positioning system and geolocation technologies; portable and personal sensing, including smartphone-based sensors and assessments; and self-reported questionnaire assessments, which increasingly rely on Internet-based platforms. We also discuss priority research needs related to methodological and technological improvement, data analysis and interpretation, data sharing, and other practical considerations, including improved assessment of exposure variability as well as exposure in multiple, critical life stages.

%B Annu Rev Public Health %V 38 %P 215-239 %8 2017 Mar 20 %G eng %R 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012802 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Predicting PAH contamination in resident shellfish %A LB Paulik %A Smith BW %A Bergmann AJ %A Gregory J Sower %A Norman D Forsberg %A Teeguarden JG %A Kim A Anderson %B Oregon State University Superfund Research Program External Advisory Council Meeting. Corvallis, Oregon %8 6/2016 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Silicone wristbands detect individuals' pesticide exposures in West Africa %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %B International Society for Exposure Science Annual Meeting, Utrecht, the Netherlands %8 10/2016 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J R Soc Open Sci %D 2016 %T Silicone wristbands detect individuals' pesticide exposures in West Africa. %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %X

We detected between 2 and 10 pesticides per person with novel sampling devices worn by 35 participants who were actively engaged in farming in Diender, Senegal. Participants were recruited to wear silicone wristbands for each of two separate periods of up to 5 days. Pesticide exposure profiles were highly individualized with only limited associations with demographic data. Using a 63-pesticide dual-column gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) method, we detected pyrethoid insecticides most frequently, followed by organophosphate pesticides which have been linked to adverse health outcomes. This work provides the first report of individualized exposure profiles among smallholder farmers in West Africa, where logistical and practical constraints have prevented the use of more traditional approaches to exposure assessment in the past. The wristbands and associated analytical method enabled detection of a broad range of agricultural, domestic, legacy and current-use pesticides, including esfenvalerate, cypermethrin, lindane, DDT and chlorpyrifos. Participants reported the use of 13 pesticide active ingredients while wearing wristbands. All six of the pesticides that were both reportedly used and included in the analytical method were detected in at least one wristband. An additional 19 pesticide compounds were detected beyond those that were reported to be in use, highlighting the importance of measuring exposure in addition to collecting surveys and self-reported use records. The wristband method is a candidate for more widespread use in pesticide exposure and health monitoring, and in the development of evidence-based policies for human health protection in an area where food security concerns are likely to intensify agricultural production and pesticide use in the near future.

%B R Soc Open Sci %V 3 %P 160433 %8 08/2016 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1098/rsos.160433 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2015 %T Silicone wristbands detect an individual's pesticide exposures in Africa %A Carey E Donald %A Richard P Scott %A Kathy L Blaustein %A Mary L Halbleib %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %B SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %D 2013 %T Structurally distinct polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce differential transcriptional responses in developing zebrafish. %A Goodale, Britton C %A Susan C Tilton %A Corvi, Margaret M %A Glenn R Wilson %A Janszen, Derek B %A Kim A Anderson %A Katrina M Waters %A Robyn L Tanguay %K Animals %K Embryo, Nonmammalian %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Structure-Activity Relationship %K Transcription, Genetic %K Zebrafish %X

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment as components of fossil fuels and by-products of combustion. These multi-ring chemicals differentially activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in a structurally dependent manner, and induce toxicity via both AHR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PAH exposure is known to induce developmental malformations in zebrafish embryos, and recent studies have shown cardiac toxicity induced by compounds with low AHR affinity. Unraveling the potentially diverse molecular mechanisms of PAH toxicity is essential for understanding the hazard posed by complex PAH mixtures present in the environment. We analyzed transcriptional responses to PAH exposure in zebrafish embryos exposed to benz(a)anthracene (BAA), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and pyrene (PYR) at concentrations that induced developmental malformations by 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Whole genome microarray analysis of mRNA expression at 24 and 48 hpf identified genes that were differentially regulated over time and in response to the three PAH structures. PAH body burdens were analyzed at both time points using GC-MS, and demonstrated differences in PAH uptake into the embryos. This was important for discerning dose-related differences from those that represented unique molecular mechanisms. While BAA misregulated the least number of transcripts, it caused strong induction of cyp1a and other genes known to be downstream of the AHR, which were not induced by the other two PAHs. Analysis of functional roles of misregulated genes and their predicted regulatory transcription factors also distinguished the BAA response from regulatory networks disrupted by DBT and PYR exposure. These results indicate that systems approaches can be used to classify the toxicity of PAHs based on the networks perturbed following exposure, and may provide a path for unraveling the toxicity of complex PAH mixtures.

%B Toxicol Appl Pharmacol %V 272 %P 656-70 %8 11/2013 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23656968?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.024 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2012 %T Evaluating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure from traditional Native American food smoking practices %A Cardenas, Andres %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Harper, Barbara %A Stone, Dave %A Jai, Y %A Motorkyn, O %A Sandra Uesugi %A Norman D Forsberg %A Sudakin, Dan %B National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Core Centers Meeting, Boston, MA %8 2012 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2011 %T Metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic studies suggest that the DAP biomarkers may lead to overestimates of organophosphate pesticide exposure %A Norman D Forsberg %A Rodriguez-Proteau, R %A Ma, L %A Morré, J %A Christensen, J M %A Maier, C S %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Kim A Anderson %B ASMS %8 2011 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Xenobiotica %D 2011 %T Organophosphorus pesticide degradation product in vitro metabolic stability and time-course uptake and elimination in rats following oral and intravenous dosing. %A Norman D Forsberg %A Rodriguez-Proteau, R %A Ma, L %A Morré, J %A Christensen, J M %A Maier, C S %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Kim A Anderson %K Administration, Oral %K Animals %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Injections, Intravenous %K Male %K Mass Spectrometry %K Organophosphorus Compounds %K Pesticides %K Rats %K Rats, Sprague-Dawley %K Time Factors %X

Levels of urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs) are currently used as a biomarker of human exposure to organophosphorus insecticides (OPs). It is known that OPs degrade on food commodities to DAPs at levels that approach or exceed those of the parent OP. However, little has been reported on the extent of DAP absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The metabolic stability of O,O-dimethylphosphate (DMP) was assessed using pooled human and rat hepatic microsomes. Time-course samples were collected over 2 h and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. It was found that DMP was not metabolized by rat or pooled human hepatic microsomes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered DMP at 20 mg kg(-1) via oral gavage and i.v. injection. Time-course plasma and urine samples were collected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. DMP oral bioavailability was found to be 107 ± 39% and the amount of orally administered dose recovered in the urine was 30 ± 9.9% by 48 h. The in vitro metabolic stability, high bioavailability and extent of DMP urinary excretion following oral exposure in a rat model suggests that measurement of DMP as a biomarker of OP exposure may lead to overestimation of human exposure.

%B Xenobiotica %V 41 %P 422-9 %8 05/2011 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21446834?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3109/00498254.2010.550656 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Walking in two worlds: Tribal-university partnerships, capacity building, technology transfer, and developing cultural sensitivity in toxicology and environmental health research %A Sandra Uesugi %A Harding, Anna %A Stuart Harris %A Harper, Barbara %A Staci M Simonich %A Kim A Anderson %A Stone, Dave %A Jai, Y %A Hirsch, Naomi %A Cardenas, Andres %A Sudakin, Dan %B Pacific Northwest Association of Toxicologists Meeting, North Bonneville, WA %8 2011 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Evidence that the DAP biomarker may lead to overestimates of organophosphate pesticide exposure %A Norman D Forsberg %A Rodriguez-Proteau, R %A Maier, C S %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Morré, J %A Glenn R Wilson %A Kim A Anderson %B platform presentation, 239th American Chemical Society conference %8 03/2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2010 %T Identifying Hydrologic and Landscape Characteristics that Influence Pesticide Surface Water Loading in the Willamette Valley, Oregon %A Janney, Phillip K %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Eden, Scott %A Hadden, Mark %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T In vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that measurement of urinary dialkylphosphates may lead to overestimates of human OP pesticide exposure %A Norman D Forsberg %A Rodriguez-Proteau, R %A Christensen, J M %A Maier, C S %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Kim A Anderson %B platform presentation, SETAC 2010 %8 2010 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Strategies and Challenges of Capacity Building and Technology Transfer for Environmental Monitoring in the United States and Western Africa %A Gregory J Sower %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Quarles, L %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %B SETAC North America 31st Annual Conference %8 2010 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2008 %T Overcoming the Technical Challenges of an International Human and Eological Health Risk Project in Western Africa. Part 2: Integrating Quality Assurance and Trace Pesticide Analysis Between Laboratories %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Gregory J Sower %A Ackerman, Amanda %A Quarles, L %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Fall, N %A Ndieye, A. %A Sarr, Makhfousse %A Kim A Anderson %B The Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. North America Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, USA %8 11/2008 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Atmospheric Outflow of Anthropogenic Semivolatile Organic Compounds from Asia in Spring 2004 %A Primbs, T %A Schmedding, D %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jaffe, D %A Kato, S %A Takami, A %A Hatakeyama, S %A Kajii, Y %A Staci M Simonich %B American Chemical Society, Boston, MA %8 08/2007 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2007 %T Trans-Pacific and Regional Atmospheric Transport of Anthropogenic Semivolatile Organic Compounds to Mt. Bachelor, USA from Spring 2004 to Spring 2006 %A Primbs, T %A Staci M Simonich %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jaffe, D %A Higginbotham, C. %B American Chemical Society, Boston, MA %8 08/2007 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2006 %T Selenium accumulation patterns in lotic and lentic aquatic systems. %A Hillwalker, Wendy E %A Paul C Jepson %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Carbon %K Ecosystem %K Environmental Monitoring %K Fishes %K Food Chain %K Geologic Sediments %K Invertebrates %K Rivers %K Selenium %K Time Factors %K Water Movements %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Selenium (Se) concentrations in water column, sediment and insect compartments were measured over 3 years, in conjunction with selected physicochemical parameters, from lotic (flowing water) and lentic (standing water) sites within a single watershed in Utah, USA. There was evidence for steady-state concentrations of total [Se] in the insects, sediment and detritus, while there was no correlation between these concentrations and the concentration in surface water. Insect Se burden may therefore provide a more accurate measurement of food web accumulation risk than surface water Se concentration. The importance of organism-specific factors on Se transfer to higher trophic levels was revealed by the steady-state Se body burden within the same insect taxa occupying similar environmental compartments in both aquatic systems. Additionally, however, insect Se body burdens, even within similar taxa, were up to 7 times greater within the lentic compared with the lotic system, and site-specific biogeochemical processes are also likely to play a role in the pattern and level of Se accumulation between hydrogeochemically different aquatic systems occurring within the same watershed. Though a site-specific relationship was apparent between organic content and sediment and detritus Se concentrations, this factor did not account for insect Se accumulation differences between the lotic and lentic aquatic habitats. If carbon content is to be used as a site-specific predictor of Se accumulation potential, further investigations of it's influence on the food web accumulation rate of Se are required.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 366 %P 367-79 %8 07/2006 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16487574?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.024 %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2006 %T Trans-Pacific and Regional Atmospheric Transport of Anthropogenic Semivolatile Organic Compounds to Mt. Bachelor Observatory, USA from Spring 2004 to Spring 2006 %A Primbs, T %A Staci M Simonich %A Glenn R Wilson %A Jaffe, D %A Higginbotham, C. %B American Geophysical Union Meeting, San Francisco, CA %8 12/2006 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J AOAC Int %D 2005 %T Analytical method for dimethenamid-P in selected raw agricultural commodities by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. %A Kim A Anderson %A Basile, Jennifer L %A Johnson, Eugene R %K Acetanilides %K Chromatography, Gas %K Herbicides %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K Vegetables %X

A sensitive and simple method for the extraction and quantification of the herbicide dimethenamid-P from several raw agricultural commodities (RAC) is presented. The method provides sensitive and well-defined chromatography with baseline resolution in all matrixes tested. Homogenized samples were extracted with methanol-water, filtered, and then extracted with hexanes. A Florisil solid-phase extraction was then applied for the final cleanup. Sample separation and quantification were performed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The instrument detection limit was 0.007 microg/mL, and the practical quantification limit was 0.003 microg/g (w/w) based on a 25 g sample. Recoveries for a series of fortified plant tissues ranged from 69 to 103%. The study demonstrated selective and sensitive recovery of dimethenamid-P from the RAC tested.

%B J AOAC Int %V 88 %P 1428-32 %8 09/2005 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16385993?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Technol %D 2005 %T Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon. %A Villeneuve, Daniel L %A Curtis, Lawrence R %A Jeffrey J Jenkins %A Warner, Kara E %A Tilton, Fred %A Kent, Michael L %A Watral, Virginia G %A Cunningham, Michael E %A Markle, Douglas F %A D Sethajintanin %A Krissanakriangkrai, Oraphin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Grove, Robert %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Benzofurans %K Bone and Bones %K Dioxins %K Female %K Fishes %K History, Ancient %K Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated %K Metals, Heavy %K Oocytes %K Oregon %K Organophosphorus Compounds %K Ovary %K Pesticides %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic %K Rivers %K Trematoda %K Trematode Infections %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

The Willamette River, one of 14 American Heritage Rivers, flows through the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of Oregon. Previous biological monitoring of the Willamette River detected elevated frequencies of skeletal deformities in fish from certain areas of the lower (Newberg pool [NP], rivermile [RM] 26 - 55) and middle (Wheatland Ferry [WF], RM 72 - 74) river, relative to those in the upper river (Corvallis [CV], RM 125-138). The objective of this study was to determine the likely cause of these skeletal deformities. In 2002 and 2003, deformity loads in Willamette River fishes were 2-3 times greater at the NP and WF locations than at the CV location. There were some differences in water quality parameters between the NP and CV sites, but they did not readily explain the difference in deformity loads. Concentrations of bioavailable metals were below detection limits (0.6 - 1 microg/ L). Concentrations of bioavailable polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally below 0.25 ng/L. Concentrations of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generally less than 5 ng/L. Concentrations of most persistent organic pollutants were below detection limits in ovary/oocyte tissue samples and sediments, and those that were detected were not significantly different among sites. Bioassay of Willamette River water extracts provided no evidence that unidentified compounds or the complex mixture of compounds present in the extracts could induce skeletal deformities in cyprinid fish. However, metacercariae of a digenean trematode were directly associated with a large percentage of deformities detected in two Willamette River fishes, and similar deformities were reproduced in laboratoryfathead minnows exposed to cercariae extracted from Willamette River snails. Thus, the weight of evidence suggests that parasitic infection, not chemical contaminants, was the primary cause of skeletal deformities observed in Willamette River fish.

%B Environ Sci Technol %V 39 %P 3495-506 %8 05/2005 %G eng %N 10 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15954223?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Arch Environ Contam Toxicol %D 2004 %T Bioaccumulation profiles of chemical contaminants in fish from the lower Willamette River, Portland Harbor, Oregon. %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Kim A Anderson %K Animals %K Environmental Monitoring %K Environmental Pollutants %K Fishes %K Hazardous Waste %K Insecticides %K Mercury %K Oregon %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Reference Values %K Tissue Distribution %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Twenty-five PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), 15 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, and mercury were determined in fish from the Willamette River in Oregon, including a Portland Harbor superfund site. Fish were collected during the summer of 2000 along a 20-mile stretch of the lower Willamette River. Concentrations of sumPCBs (sum of 25 individually determined PCB congeners) and sumDDTs (sum of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD) in fish ranged from 14 to 530 and from 18 to 510 ng/g-wet weight, respectively. SumPCBs concentrations at all sites exceeded US EPA fish advisory's screening values. Hexachlorobiphenyl congener 153 was the most abundant of the PCBs detected and p,p'-DDE was the most abundant OC pesticide detected. Low levels of dieldrin were detected in fish at all sites with the highest concentration at the superfund site (4.6 ng/g-wet weight), while other OC pesticides tested were near or below detection limits (approximately 2 ng/g). In general, organic chemical contaminant concentrations were highest in fish from the superfund site and were lower further upriver. Smallmouth bass had the highest levels of OC compounds of three fish species examined. They also had the largest site-to-site variations whereas black crappie had little variation throughout the study area. Mercury levels in fish ranged from 13 to 520 ng/g. Historical fish residue data are limited from the Portland Harbor superfund site, what data is available is over a decade old, generally consisted of only a few fish (< or = 3) and analyses quantified only a few PCB congeners (< 3).

%B Arch Environ Contam Toxicol %V 46 %P 114-23 %8 01/2004 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15025171?dopt=Abstract %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2004 %T TransPacific and Regional Atmospheric Transport of Anthropogenic SemiVolatile Organic Compounds to Cheeka Peak Observatory During the Spring of 2002 %A Killin, R %A Staci M Simonich %A Jaffe, D %A DeForest, C L %A Glenn R Wilson %B American Geophysical Union Meeting, San Francisco, CA %8 12/2004 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2002 %T Bioaccumulation profiles of chemical contaminants from the Willamette River Portland Harbor Superfund Site and Human Health Risks Assessment %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC Regional Mtg, Portland, OR %8 2002 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2002 %T Chemical Bioavailability in Eco-systesm: Case Study of Contaminants In Portland Harbor %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B PNW SETAC Regional Mtg, Portland, OR %8 05/2002 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2002 %T Human Health Risks Associated with Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Fish from the Willamette River & Portland Harbor %A Kim A Anderson %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %B PITTCON®‘01 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, New Orleans, LA %8 2002 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J AOAC Int %D 2001 %T Bioavailable organochlorine pesticides in a semi-arid region of eastern Oregon, USA, as determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. %A Kim A Anderson %A Johnson, Eugene R %K Biological Availability %K Chromatography, Gas %K Chromatography, Gel %K Data Interpretation, Statistical %K Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated %K Insecticides %K Oregon %K Pesticide Residues %K Quality Control %K Time Factors %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

A group of dissolved-bioavailable organochlorine (OC) pesticides and inorganic anions in water and total OC pesticides in sediments were measured in the Malheur Watershed, a semi-arid region in the western United States, over a 2-year period. OC pesticide levels were compared with those from a 1990 study of the lower section of the river, the most recent data available. After calculating the dissolved fraction from the 1990, study it seems that DDD and dieldrin levels have decreased in the water by 50-70%, while DDE and DDT have changed little. Although banned nearly 30 years ago, DDT is still persistent throughout the Malheur River basin/watershed because it was found in all water samples tested. All of the OC pesticides tested during the 2-year study are well below the criterion continuous concentration for aquatic community exposure as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). OC pesticides appear to be decreasing, however, at lower Ontario there remains a human health risk (EPA Human Health Risk Water Quality Criteria) for DDT, because this criteria includes daily consumption of water and fish from the river. Overall, although the upper forest watershed sites have lower OC pesticide concentrations, they represent an important contribution to the total DDT load to this watershed, a source not previously acknowledged. The large increase in DDT and sigmaDDT between the Ontario sites may indicate a possible historical point source of contamination or historical preferential deposition of contamination. Normalized sediment (sigmaDDT/organic carbon) strongly correlates with dissolved water sigmaDDT.

%B J AOAC Int %V 84 %P 1371-82 %8 09/2001 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11601456?dopt=Abstract %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2001 %T Human Health Risks Associated from PCBs in Fish from the Willamette River & Portland Harbor %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B Annual SETAC mtg, Baltimore, MD %8 2001 %G eng %0 Audiovisual Material %D 2001 %T Human Health Risks Associated from PCBs in Fish from the Willamette River & Portland Harbor %A D Sethajintanin %A Johnson, Eugene R %A Loper, Bobby R %A Brian W Smith %A Kim A Anderson %B AOAC International Meeting., Tacoma, WA %8 2001 %G eng %0 Magazine Article %D 1998 %T Detecting the Geographic Origins of Food %A Jordan, JR %E Brian W Smith %E Kim A Anderson %B Inside Laboratory Management, AOAC International %8 05/1998 %G eng %0 Report %D 1996 %T Development of a Stable Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater Reference Material for use in Compliance Monitoring QA/QC Programs %A Cook, D %A LaFleur, L. L. %A Parrish, A %A Jones, J %A Glenn R Wilson %A Hoy, D %B NCASI %G eng %0 Report %D 1995 %T Analysis of Pulp Mill Influents and Effluents for Semivolatile Neutral compounds as an Indicator of Treatment Efficiency at Six Mill Sites %A Cook, D %A Jones, J %A Glenn R Wilson %B NCASI %G eng %0 Report %D 1990 %T Evaluation of Various Extraction Procedures for the Analysis of Chlorinated Phenolics %A Dodo, G %A Glenn R Wilson %A Porter, S %A Jones, J %B NCASI %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Lipids %D 1983 %T Toxicology of brominated fatty acids: metabolite concentration and heart and liver changes. %A Jones, B A %A Tinsley, I J %A Lowry, R R %K Adipose Tissue %K Animals %K Bromine %K Dietary Fats %K Fatty Acids %K Heart %K Liver %K Male %K Myocardium %K Rats %K Rats, Inbred Strains %K Tissue Distribution %X

Rats were fed for 35 days diets containing 2% of either brominated corn oil (BCO), monoglyceride of dibromostearate (DBS), monoglyceride of tetrabromostearate (TBS) or a mixture of the two monoglycerides (BMG) which provided proportions of brominated acids comparable to that of the BCO. Hearts from all animals fed BCO were yellow colored and firm in texture. Myocardial cellular degeneration, mild to moderate edema and occasional small necrotic foci were observed. Hearts from animals fed DBS showed moderate edema and some slight necrosis. All diets produced an increase in lipid content of heart. Animals fed the experimental diets developed enlarged livers and showed elevated liver lipid content. The tetrabromostearate appeared to be the more active in producing these changes, in particular a severe intracellular fatty degeneration. Shorter-chain (C-16, C-14) metabolites of di- and tetrabromostearate were identified and the concentration of brominated fatty acids in heart, liver and adipose tissue determined and found to account for 80% of the bromine detected in these tissues by neutron activation analysis. TBS accumulated in liver while the highest concentration of DBS was observed in heart lipids. Although the concentrations of brominated acids in heart and liver lipids were comparable in rats fed BCO or BMG, BCO produced the more pronounced effects. This differential could be due to additional active components in BCO or to a variation in response associated with changes in the location of the fatty acid on the glycerol molecule.

%B Lipids %V 18 %P 327-34 %8 1983 Apr %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/BF02534710